Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/13215906.2020.1844044
A. S. Adebusuyi, O. Adebusuyi
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of social class (both objective and subjective) on entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and outcome expectations (EOE). The study is cross-sectional, and the sample size is 376 undergraduate students from three purposively selected institutions in Nigeria. We used Bayesian structural equation modelling to analyse the data. After controlling for age and gender, the study produced the following findings. First, socioeconomic status (SES) did not directly relate to ESE, but it did with EOE. Second, subjective social status (SSS) did not relate directly to EOE, but it did with ESE. Furthermore, subjective social status relates indirectly to EOE through ESE. Finally, SES indirectly related to ESE and EOE through SSS. The results of this study deepen our understanding of the role of social class in entrepreneurial development among young adults and suggest crucial theoretical and practical implications.
{"title":"The influence of social class on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and outcome expectations","authors":"A. S. Adebusuyi, O. Adebusuyi","doi":"10.1080/13215906.2020.1844044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2020.1844044","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of social class (both objective and subjective) on entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and outcome expectations (EOE). The study is cross-sectional, and the sample size is 376 undergraduate students from three purposively selected institutions in Nigeria. We used Bayesian structural equation modelling to analyse the data. After controlling for age and gender, the study produced the following findings. First, socioeconomic status (SES) did not directly relate to ESE, but it did with EOE. Second, subjective social status (SSS) did not relate directly to EOE, but it did with ESE. Furthermore, subjective social status relates indirectly to EOE through ESE. Finally, SES indirectly related to ESE and EOE through SSS. The results of this study deepen our understanding of the role of social class in entrepreneurial development among young adults and suggest crucial theoretical and practical implications.","PeriodicalId":45085,"journal":{"name":"Small Enterprise Research","volume":"121 1","pages":"259 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78166023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/13215906.2020.1761870
N. Madichie
ABSTRACT This conceptual study seeks to rearticulate luxury fashion consumption epitomized by the sartorial sub-culture and highlight how an ‘entrepreneurial emergence’ has gradually taken root at the bottom-of-the-pyramid in a war-ravaged developing world context. The study is primarily qualitative in orientation, and interpretivist in nature. The study is based on a combination of general observations and analyses of media reports, and documentary analysis/ review of the extant literature. It surmises that ‘luxury fashion consumption’ among a sartorial subculture in a war-ravaged developing world context has brought about an ‘entrepreneurial emergence’ at the bottom-of-the-pyramid. It is now up to marketers to exploit the fortune at this lower rung of the economic ladder.
{"title":"Consuming Passion for fashion, identity construction & entrepreneurial emergence at the bottom of the pyramid","authors":"N. Madichie","doi":"10.1080/13215906.2020.1761870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2020.1761870","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This conceptual study seeks to rearticulate luxury fashion consumption epitomized by the sartorial sub-culture and highlight how an ‘entrepreneurial emergence’ has gradually taken root at the bottom-of-the-pyramid in a war-ravaged developing world context. The study is primarily qualitative in orientation, and interpretivist in nature. The study is based on a combination of general observations and analyses of media reports, and documentary analysis/ review of the extant literature. It surmises that ‘luxury fashion consumption’ among a sartorial subculture in a war-ravaged developing world context has brought about an ‘entrepreneurial emergence’ at the bottom-of-the-pyramid. It is now up to marketers to exploit the fortune at this lower rung of the economic ladder.","PeriodicalId":45085,"journal":{"name":"Small Enterprise Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"195 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84900395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/13215906.2020.1770120
V. Ratten
ABSTRACT Africa is a diverse geographic area that has been influenced by historical, cultural and societal change. Recently more emphasis has been placed on understanding the role of entrepreneurship in Africa due to changing economic conditions and the rapid rise of African entrepreneurs in the global economy. This special journal issue includes a number of articles on diverse issues related to entrepreneurship in Africa both from the micro, macro and meso perspective. Thereby helping to understand in a holistic sense the need and usefulness of entrepreneurship for the continued growth of African both in a financial and non-financial way. This will help contribute to the literature and practice about African entrepreneurship.
{"title":"African entrepreneurship: editorial","authors":"V. Ratten","doi":"10.1080/13215906.2020.1770120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2020.1770120","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Africa is a diverse geographic area that has been influenced by historical, cultural and societal change. Recently more emphasis has been placed on understanding the role of entrepreneurship in Africa due to changing economic conditions and the rapid rise of African entrepreneurs in the global economy. This special journal issue includes a number of articles on diverse issues related to entrepreneurship in Africa both from the micro, macro and meso perspective. Thereby helping to understand in a holistic sense the need and usefulness of entrepreneurship for the continued growth of African both in a financial and non-financial way. This will help contribute to the literature and practice about African entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":45085,"journal":{"name":"Small Enterprise Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"103 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78693445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/13215906.2020.1761869
Jonathan Mukiza Peter Kansheba
ABSTRACT The impact of entrepreneurship and small business activities in Africa has habitually been lower and receives less attention in research. This study aims at investigating the mediation role of innovations on the relationship between entrepreneurial ecosystem approach and productive entrepreneurship. Using panel dataset of 35 African countries, the study contributes to the existing literature in two ways. First, the panel regression findings contribute to the theoretical debate and fill the empirical gap, recent research has been dominated by conceptual works. The findings reveal mixed (positive and negative) and weak insignificant direct influence of eco-factors such as finance, government support and programmes, knowledge, market and culture on productive entrepreneurship. However, their influence is more pronounced when innovations mediate the relationship. Second, it provides new insight to policymakers and practitioners in developing policies and programmes that foster entrepreneurial ecosystems and improved innovation performance for better entrepreneurship development. It concludes with suggestions for future research.
{"title":"Small business and entrepreneurship in Africa: the nexus of entrepreneurial ecosystems and productive entrepreneurship","authors":"Jonathan Mukiza Peter Kansheba","doi":"10.1080/13215906.2020.1761869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2020.1761869","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The impact of entrepreneurship and small business activities in Africa has habitually been lower and receives less attention in research. This study aims at investigating the mediation role of innovations on the relationship between entrepreneurial ecosystem approach and productive entrepreneurship. Using panel dataset of 35 African countries, the study contributes to the existing literature in two ways. First, the panel regression findings contribute to the theoretical debate and fill the empirical gap, recent research has been dominated by conceptual works. The findings reveal mixed (positive and negative) and weak insignificant direct influence of eco-factors such as finance, government support and programmes, knowledge, market and culture on productive entrepreneurship. However, their influence is more pronounced when innovations mediate the relationship. Second, it provides new insight to policymakers and practitioners in developing policies and programmes that foster entrepreneurial ecosystems and improved innovation performance for better entrepreneurship development. It concludes with suggestions for future research.","PeriodicalId":45085,"journal":{"name":"Small Enterprise Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"110 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87511778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/13215906.2020.1752295
Anthony Abiodun Eniola
ABSTRACT This work examined the role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in a significant entrepreneurial small and medium orientation and growth. The goal is to integrate self-efficacy, addressing the said challenges to the advancement of SMEs in Nigeria based on entrepreneurship. This research applied a modified scale; data are obtained from owners of Nigeria small and medium enterprises. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (SEM-PLS) was used in the analysis to evaluate the proposed model of mediation. The results of the study promoted the role of entrepreneurship in creating a productive enterprise-based SME. Entrepreneurship, regardless of social, economic and geopolitical conditions, is an important engine for sustainable economic development. Developing and sustaining an active small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) focused on entrepreneurship, however, is a major challenge.
{"title":"Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and orientation for SME development","authors":"Anthony Abiodun Eniola","doi":"10.1080/13215906.2020.1752295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2020.1752295","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This work examined the role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in a significant entrepreneurial small and medium orientation and growth. The goal is to integrate self-efficacy, addressing the said challenges to the advancement of SMEs in Nigeria based on entrepreneurship. This research applied a modified scale; data are obtained from owners of Nigeria small and medium enterprises. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (SEM-PLS) was used in the analysis to evaluate the proposed model of mediation. The results of the study promoted the role of entrepreneurship in creating a productive enterprise-based SME. Entrepreneurship, regardless of social, economic and geopolitical conditions, is an important engine for sustainable economic development. Developing and sustaining an active small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) focused on entrepreneurship, however, is a major challenge.","PeriodicalId":45085,"journal":{"name":"Small Enterprise Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"125 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77599760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/13215906.2020.1769715
Sylvia Gavigan, Klavs Ciprikis, Thomas M. Cooney
ABSTRACT Although entrepreneurship training may improve labour market outcomes of individuals, little is known about the impact of entrepreneurship training on self-employment in Uganda. In this study, a survey of 300 rural women in Uganda is undertaken before and four months after participating in an entrepreneurship training programme to examine the impact of entrepreneurship training on self-employment. Business knowledge and business competence indices are used as measures of training effectiveness, and a self-employment probit regression model is utilized to examine the impact of training on self-employment. The main findings of this study suggest that an increase in the business knowledge index and the business competence index by one unit can lead to 6 per cent and 2.7 per cent increase in the probability of being self-employed. These findings are important for the design and implementation of appropriate policy and programmes to improve the labour market outcomes of women in rural Uganda.
{"title":"The impact of entrepreneurship training on self-employment of rural female entrepreneurs in Uganda","authors":"Sylvia Gavigan, Klavs Ciprikis, Thomas M. Cooney","doi":"10.1080/13215906.2020.1769715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2020.1769715","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although entrepreneurship training may improve labour market outcomes of individuals, little is known about the impact of entrepreneurship training on self-employment in Uganda. In this study, a survey of 300 rural women in Uganda is undertaken before and four months after participating in an entrepreneurship training programme to examine the impact of entrepreneurship training on self-employment. Business knowledge and business competence indices are used as measures of training effectiveness, and a self-employment probit regression model is utilized to examine the impact of training on self-employment. The main findings of this study suggest that an increase in the business knowledge index and the business competence index by one unit can lead to 6 per cent and 2.7 per cent increase in the probability of being self-employed. These findings are important for the design and implementation of appropriate policy and programmes to improve the labour market outcomes of women in rural Uganda.","PeriodicalId":45085,"journal":{"name":"Small Enterprise Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"180 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85871237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-28DOI: 10.1080/13215906.2020.1752789
A. G. Agu, A. Nwachukwu
ABSTRACT This study extends the literature on the relevance of the Igbo Traditional Business School (ITBS) in building entrepreneurial potential and intention in an emerging African economy – Nigeria. Two key questions motivated the study: does the ITBS influence entrepreneurial potential and intention, and does entrepreneurial potential influence intention? Data were gathered from a purposive sample of 122 actual micro-entrepreneurs (welders) who passed through the ITBS. The results, based on Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) in SPSS 23.0, suggest that the ITBS positively and significantly influences entrepreneurial potential and intention, and that perceived desirability, perceived feasibility and propensity to act are significant predictors of entrepreneurial intention. We recommend the formulation of policies to regulate and support the operations of ITBS and, that mentors under the ITBS should aim at inculcating skills that drive desirability, feasibility, propensity to act and entrepreneurial intention in the mentees, with emphasis on the advantages of owning an enterprise.
{"title":"Exploring the relevance of Igbo Traditional Business School in the development of entrepreneurial potential and intention in Nigeria","authors":"A. G. Agu, A. Nwachukwu","doi":"10.1080/13215906.2020.1752789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2020.1752789","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study extends the literature on the relevance of the Igbo Traditional Business School (ITBS) in building entrepreneurial potential and intention in an emerging African economy – Nigeria. Two key questions motivated the study: does the ITBS influence entrepreneurial potential and intention, and does entrepreneurial potential influence intention? Data were gathered from a purposive sample of 122 actual micro-entrepreneurs (welders) who passed through the ITBS. The results, based on Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) in SPSS 23.0, suggest that the ITBS positively and significantly influences entrepreneurial potential and intention, and that perceived desirability, perceived feasibility and propensity to act are significant predictors of entrepreneurial intention. We recommend the formulation of policies to regulate and support the operations of ITBS and, that mentors under the ITBS should aim at inculcating skills that drive desirability, feasibility, propensity to act and entrepreneurial intention in the mentees, with emphasis on the advantages of owning an enterprise.","PeriodicalId":45085,"journal":{"name":"Small Enterprise Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"223 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76655395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-27DOI: 10.1080/13215906.2020.1752294
Malcolm J. Beynon, Paul Jones, D. Pickernell, G. Maas
ABSTRACT This study offers a novel evaluation of the conditions for Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) and Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) across 59 Sub-Saharan African regions. The analysis employs fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis using Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2013) survey data using five condition variables, measuring regional-level entrepreneurial attitudes and perceptions, including education level, considered against TEA and EI. This novel regional contribution identifies diversity between African countries and regions for entrepreneurial activities and its drivers, with several groups identified. This highlights a requirement for future research encompassing further countries and regions in African, and also multi-year studies that can track these issues longitudinally. The study informs knowledge and practice regarding entrepreneurial behaviour across African regions. Through examination of the different combinations of condition variables, across causal recipes, it provides understanding of variations in the socio-cultural drivers of entrepreneurial activity between regions, groups of regions, and countries, for TEA and EI.
{"title":"Investigating total entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurial intention in Africa regions using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA)","authors":"Malcolm J. Beynon, Paul Jones, D. Pickernell, G. Maas","doi":"10.1080/13215906.2020.1752294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2020.1752294","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study offers a novel evaluation of the conditions for Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) and Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) across 59 Sub-Saharan African regions. The analysis employs fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis using Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2013) survey data using five condition variables, measuring regional-level entrepreneurial attitudes and perceptions, including education level, considered against TEA and EI. This novel regional contribution identifies diversity between African countries and regions for entrepreneurial activities and its drivers, with several groups identified. This highlights a requirement for future research encompassing further countries and regions in African, and also multi-year studies that can track these issues longitudinally. The study informs knowledge and practice regarding entrepreneurial behaviour across African regions. Through examination of the different combinations of condition variables, across causal recipes, it provides understanding of variations in the socio-cultural drivers of entrepreneurial activity between regions, groups of regions, and countries, for TEA and EI.","PeriodicalId":45085,"journal":{"name":"Small Enterprise Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"146 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83136024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-17DOI: 10.1080/13215906.2020.1751692
P. Igwe, N. Madichie, Nihar Amoncar
ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study is to highlight the entrepreneurial exploits of an ethnic group within the African context. The research context is the Igbos in Eastern Nigeria who have been celebrated as the pinnacle of African entrepreneurship. The study also draws on the narratives of 25 experienced business owners, and the emerging data thematically analysed to identify key variables associated with transgenerational business legacies and succession. Additional insight on salient cultural and community nuances like the role of Di-okpara (first son), Umunna (sons of the land), Ikwu (members of a Kindred) and Umuada (daughters of the land) were unravelled through interview transcripts and validated by respondents. These insights inform a contribution to the discourse of ethnic or indigenous entrepreneurship, which has both theoretical and policy implications.
{"title":"Transgenerational business legacies and intergenerational succession among the Igbos (Nigeria)","authors":"P. Igwe, N. Madichie, Nihar Amoncar","doi":"10.1080/13215906.2020.1751692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2020.1751692","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study is to highlight the entrepreneurial exploits of an ethnic group within the African context. The research context is the Igbos in Eastern Nigeria who have been celebrated as the pinnacle of African entrepreneurship. The study also draws on the narratives of 25 experienced business owners, and the emerging data thematically analysed to identify key variables associated with transgenerational business legacies and succession. Additional insight on salient cultural and community nuances like the role of Di-okpara (first son), Umunna (sons of the land), Ikwu (members of a Kindred) and Umuada (daughters of the land) were unravelled through interview transcripts and validated by respondents. These insights inform a contribution to the discourse of ethnic or indigenous entrepreneurship, which has both theoretical and policy implications.","PeriodicalId":45085,"journal":{"name":"Small Enterprise Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"165 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89522268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-16DOI: 10.1080/13215906.2020.1751691
Emiel L. Eijdenberg, N. Thompson
ABSTRACT Little is known of the effect of entrepreneurs’ happiness on living standards in the world’s developing countries. This study explores (1) the causal relationship of entrepreneurs’ happiness and living standards; and (2) examines the interaction effects of socio-demographics (i.e. gender, age and education) and happiness on living standards in a developing context: Zambia. Following a qualitative pre-study with local experts, we develop a quantitative survey study including a unique sample of 170 entrepreneurs in Zambia. The analyses show that the entrepreneurs are relatively happy and an increasing level of happiness is related to an increasing standard of living. Moreover, the entrepreneurs’ happiness moderated by age (i.e. being older and happy) and education (i.e. being better-educated and happy) is a strong positive determinant of their living standard. The entrepreneurs’ awareness of the factors conducive to being happy, as well as the practitioners focussing on the social conditions of happiness, is instrumental.
{"title":"Jump for joy: happiness as the route to increased living standards of entrepreneurs in Zambia","authors":"Emiel L. Eijdenberg, N. Thompson","doi":"10.1080/13215906.2020.1751691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2020.1751691","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Little is known of the effect of entrepreneurs’ happiness on living standards in the world’s developing countries. This study explores (1) the causal relationship of entrepreneurs’ happiness and living standards; and (2) examines the interaction effects of socio-demographics (i.e. gender, age and education) and happiness on living standards in a developing context: Zambia. Following a qualitative pre-study with local experts, we develop a quantitative survey study including a unique sample of 170 entrepreneurs in Zambia. The analyses show that the entrepreneurs are relatively happy and an increasing level of happiness is related to an increasing standard of living. Moreover, the entrepreneurs’ happiness moderated by age (i.e. being older and happy) and education (i.e. being better-educated and happy) is a strong positive determinant of their living standard. The entrepreneurs’ awareness of the factors conducive to being happy, as well as the practitioners focussing on the social conditions of happiness, is instrumental.","PeriodicalId":45085,"journal":{"name":"Small Enterprise Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"240 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90074960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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