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Effectiveness of a Negotiation Simulation Game in IB Learning 谈判模拟游戏在IB学习中的有效性
IF 1.5 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/08975930.2020.1729291
Haiyan Yin
ABSTRACT This study describes a foreign investment negotiation simulation game and evaluates its effectiveness on the teaching and learning of international business. The game involves the application of the major topics of an introductory international business course to a setting that is close to the real world, thus allows students to explore the association between theory and practice. By quantitative and qualitative analysis on the primary data collected from both face-to-face and online classes at the same time, the study finds strong evidence that the negotiation simulation game significantly improves students learning in both class settings, and the poor performers benefit the most from the simulation game. Evidence also shows that the simulation game is more effective in enhancing students learning in the traditional face-to-face class than the online class, indicating class settings matter. The findings suggest higher-level learning requires deep engagement of students, and student-centered active learning strategies like the negotiation simulation game can effectively engage all students, including those who are difficult to engage with other traditional pedagogical methods. Therefore, the simulation game can be an important addition to the teaching portfolio to accommodate students with different learning styles. Moreover, the game offers an experiential learning opportunity that improves both the cognitive and affective experiences of students learning, and provides hands-on experience of business negotiations. Professors, especially those who are searching for an active learning tool for teaching international business online could benefit from this study.
摘要本研究描述了一个外商投资谈判模拟游戏,并评估了其在国际商务教学中的有效性。该游戏涉及将国际商业入门课程的主要主题应用到接近现实世界的环境中,从而让学生探索理论与实践之间的联系。通过对同时从面对面和在线课堂上收集的原始数据进行定量和定性分析,研究发现有力的证据表明,谈判模拟游戏显著提高了学生在两种课堂环境中的学习,表现不佳的学生从模拟游戏中受益最大。证据还表明,与在线课堂相比,模拟游戏在增强学生在传统面对面课堂上的学习方面更有效,这表明课堂设置很重要。研究结果表明,更高层次的学习需要学生的深度参与,而以学生为中心的主动学习策略,如谈判模拟游戏,可以有效地吸引所有学生,包括那些难以参与其他传统教学方法的学生。因此,模拟游戏可以作为教学档案的重要补充,以适应不同学习风格的学生。此外,游戏提供了一个体验式学习机会,改善了学生学习的认知和情感体验,并提供了商业谈判的亲身体验。教授们,尤其是那些正在寻找一种活跃的在线国际商务教学工具的人,可以从这项研究中受益。
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引用次数: 3
Expectations of an Undergraduate Overseas Business Intern? Exploring the Necessary School-Knowledge and Personal Traits 本科海外商业实习生的期望?探索必要的学校知识和个人特质
IF 1.5 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/08975930.2019.1698389
N. Ding, D. Bakker, T. English, Thierry Bonsing
ABSTRACT A business student’s overseas internship is a unique place to investigate what knowledge/skills or personal traits that are important for their future career. This research consists of two stages: (1) First, we qualitatively analyzed students’ internship reports to explore what knowledge or skills and what personal traits are perceived to be important; 90 reports were scrutinized and coded regarding company profiles, internship tasks and perception of important knowledge/skills and personal traits. We arrived at a list of 12 skills and 20 personal traits that are crucial for a successful business internship. (2) Then, we administered a questionnaire to identify what expectations companies have of student interns in international business. One hundred and seven international companies participated in the survey. Companies’ expectations are roughly in line with students’ perception regarding knowledge, skills and personal traits for a successful internship. The findings shed light on international business education by addressing the necessity of refining a school’s curriculum to meet the requirements of the business workplace. For business educators, the current research helps them to prepare their students better, mentor them more effectively during their overseas internship, and adjust the curriculum design to meet the requirements of that workplace.
摘要商科学生的海外实习是一个独特的地方,可以调查哪些知识/技能或个人特征对他们未来的职业生涯很重要。本研究分为两个阶段:(1)首先,我们对学生的实习报告进行了定性分析,以探索哪些知识或技能以及哪些个人特征被认为是重要的;对90份关于公司简介、实习任务以及对重要知识/技能和个人特征的感知的报告进行了仔细审查和编码。我们列出了12项技能和20项个人特质,这些技能和特质对成功的商业实习至关重要。(2) 然后,我们进行了一项问卷调查,以确定公司对国际商务实习生的期望。107家国际公司参加了调查。公司对成功实习的期望大致与学生对知识、技能和个人特质的看法一致。研究结果揭示了国际商业教育的必要性,即完善学校课程以满足商业工作场所的要求。对于商业教育工作者来说,目前的研究有助于他们更好地为学生做好准备,在海外实习期间更有效地指导他们,并调整课程设计以满足工作场所的要求。
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引用次数: 1
From Design to Delivery: Teaching Supply Chain Management to IB Majors 从设计到交付:IB专业供应链管理教学
IF 1.5 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/08975930.2019.1698391
E. T. Kodzi
ABSTRACT Curricular development is critical for preparing students in a coordinated fashion for life after graduation – especially when their roles will involve cross-border business decisions. The design of specific courses in any curriculum must be purposeful in terms of what is taught, how it is taught, and how all the course components fit together. For a supply chain management course targeted at international business (IB) students, one key purpose is to understand how competitiveness is developed across the extended enterprise, rather than within the confines of individual companies. This “winning together” view helps foster capabilities for connectedness and cooperation in IB environments typically characterized by geographic dispersion and cultural dissimilarities. The objective of this article is to examine how integrating fundamental pedagogical theories (student-centeredness, diversity, reflection, self-direction, experiential learning) in course design can influence the outcomes of a semester-long practice-oriented international supply chain course. The course espouses the winning together view while probing in-depth core supply chain themes, with the aim of producing cohorts of undergraduates that have developed the intuition, aptitude, and methods for co-creating value across business boundaries in cross-border situations. This article’s contribution is in demonstrating the innovativeness of blending multiple pedagogical tools and experiences in a single semester, rather than an entire program of study. The observed positive student learning outcomes are consistent with the integrated course design model. Replicating such course design over a program of study, will multiply the resulting positive outcomes for students, hence preparing them better as prospective global managers.
摘要:课程开发对于学生为毕业后的生活做好协调的准备至关重要,尤其是当他们的角色涉及跨境商业决策时。在任何课程中,特定课程的设计都必须有目的性,包括教授什么、如何教授以及所有课程组成部分如何结合在一起。对于面向国际商业(IB)学生的供应链管理课程,一个关键目的是了解如何在整个扩展企业中而不是在单个公司的范围内发展竞争力。这种“共同获胜”的观点有助于培养IB环境中的联系和合作能力,IB环境通常以地理分散和文化差异为特征。本文的目的是研究在课程设计中融入基本的教学理论(以学生为中心、多样性、反思、自我指导、体验式学习)如何影响为期一个学期的以实践为导向的国际供应链课程的结果。该课程在深入探讨核心供应链主题的同时,支持共同共赢的观点,目的是培养一批具备直觉、能力和方法的本科生,在跨境情况下跨业务边界共同创造价值。这篇文章的贡献在于展示了在一个学期而不是整个学习计划中融合多种教学工具和经验的创新性。观察到的积极学生学习成果与综合课程设计模型一致。在学习计划中复制这样的课程设计,将为学生带来成倍的积极成果,从而使他们成为未来的全球管理者。
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引用次数: 5
Functional Areas in Improving Depth of IB Teaching 提高IB教学深度的功能领域
IF 1.5 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/08975930.2019.1699316
R. Aggarwal, Yinglu Wu
As any senior executive or a corporate board member will tell you, business, perhaps to its discredit, does not separate itself neatly into finance or marketing or another single functional discipline as taught in most business schools. However, we must teach individual disciplines to facilitate in-depth understanding of business. But then, we need to integrate these individual disciplines into a wholistic view and understanding of business and business decision-making. Generally, most business schools struggle with such integration and few are satisfied with their efforts. Strategic business problems, such as competitive response, by their nature are integrative. Further, many within discipline problems and responses to them have cross-disciplinary impacts. So, business decision-making must take a holistic view of business. In the case of international business this holistic view must also account for cross-border effects including national differences in political and economic institutions, nature of laws and their enforcement, languages, and cultures. International business should be and is integrative in nature. The unique contribution of the IB discipline resides in two sets of activities: 1) observing complex interacting issues to define phenomena that affect business activities in the international context and 2) integrating different discipline-based theories to extend the understanding of these phenomena (Zettinig and Vincze 2008, 2011). IB education can offer students a total enterprise perspective grounded in a global environment (Peng 2004). To achieve this outcome, students should have suffiecent knowledge in multiple business disciplines in order to form a valid wholistic enterprise perspective. In addition, students and faculty need to understand the complexity of the international environment (Aggarwal 1989). For example, Leonidou and Kaminarides (2007) propose three levels of factors that comprise the global marketing environment, including macro factors such as physical and sociocultural, meso factors such as economic and political-legal, and micro factors such as competitors and customers. As a result, effective IB teaching involves
正如任何一位高管或公司董事会成员都会告诉你的那样,商业并没有像大多数商学院教授的那样,将自己整齐地划分为财务、营销或其他单一的职能学科,这也许是不光彩的。然而,我们必须教授个别学科,以促进对商业的深入理解。但是,我们需要将这些单独的学科整合到对业务和业务决策的整体观点和理解中。一般来说,大多数商学院都难以实现这种整合,很少有人对自己的努力感到满意。战略业务问题,如竞争性响应,本质上是综合的。此外,许多学科内的问题和对它们的反应具有跨学科的影响。因此,商业决策必须对商业有一个整体的看法。在国际商业的情况下,这种整体的观点也必须考虑到跨境影响,包括政治和经济制度的国家差异、法律的性质及其执行、语言和文化。国际商务的本质应该是一体化的。IB学科的独特贡献在于两组活动:1)观察复杂的相互作用问题,以定义影响国际背景下商业活动的现象;2)整合不同学科的理论,以扩展对这些现象的理解(Zettinig和Vincze 2008, 2011)。IB教育可以为学生提供基于全球环境的整体企业视角(Peng 2004)。为了实现这一目标,学生应该在多个商业学科中拥有足够的知识,以形成有效的整体企业视角。此外,学生和教师需要了解国际环境的复杂性(Aggarwal 1989)。例如,Leonidou和Kaminarides(2007)提出了构成全球营销环境的三个层面的因素,包括宏观因素,如物理和社会文化因素,中观因素,如经济和政治法律因素,以及微观因素,如竞争对手和客户。因此,有效的IB教学涉及
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引用次数: 1
Two Diagrams with Many Stories: Incorporating Finance into Teaching Global Strategy 两张有很多故事的图表:将金融学纳入全球战略教学
IF 1.5 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/08975930.2019.1698396
A. Inci, Hakan Saraoglu
ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose two diagrams, the corporate strategic framework diagram and the free cash flow diagram, to teach students how the finance function is integrated to other business functions in a multinational corporation. We recommend the diagrams as pedagogical tools in the context of a widely used management simulation software, Business Strategy Game (BSG). We provide specific examples of their use to enhance the effectiveness of the simulation experience, to motivate the students to follow current events in international business more closely, and to connect the simulation to real-world business situations. The formulation and implementation of global strategy are complex processes and can benefit from a structured framework. Methods that use the proposed diagrams in teaching international business provide the necessary framework to students in an experiential setting and enhance their learning. Using evaluation scores from end-of-semester business reports, we demonstrate that students’ learning of the global strategy-making process improved from semester to semester as these methods were gradually implemented in our classes.
摘要在本文中,我们提出了两个图,即公司战略框架图和自由现金流图,以教学生如何将跨国公司的财务职能与其他业务职能相结合。我们建议将这些图表作为广泛使用的管理模拟软件商业战略游戏(BSG)的教学工具。我们提供了使用它们的具体例子,以提高模拟体验的有效性,激励学生更密切地关注国际商业中的时事,并将模拟与现实世界的商业情况联系起来。全球战略的制定和实施是一个复杂的过程,可以受益于一个结构化的框架。在国际商务教学中使用所提出的图表的方法为学生在体验环境中提供了必要的框架,并增强了他们的学习。使用期末商业报告的评估分数,我们证明,随着这些方法在我们的课堂上逐步实施,学生对全球战略制定过程的学习在每学期都有所提高。
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引用次数: 2
International Business Education at the Interface: The Raw Case Study Method 界面上的国际商务教育:原始案例研究方法
IF 1.5 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/08975930.2019.1698392
Yuwei Shi, S. Dow
ABSTRACT Borrowing from Yale School of Management, we call this new approach the raw case method of learning. Unlike a traditional case study, a raw case is not confined in print or pages of a narrative about a challenging international business situation. It is an open, real-time information space through which case study students may wander. But it also comes with a specific and demanding assignment that requires students to discover, evaluate, analyze, decide, and communicate. This is indeed how managerial decisions are made in the real world of international business. It is more difficult today when the impact of business must be understood and managed against the backdrop of the changing global political, economic, social and technological landscape. It is also, in our view, geared to transformational management education that coincides with the shared aspiration for our profession, as outlined in the new AACSB Vision (www.aacsb.edu/vision/infographic). In this paper, we introduce the raw case method of learning, make a case for its adoption in international business education, and discuss several implementation issues.
借鉴耶鲁管理学院,我们将这种新方法称为原始案例学习法。与传统的案例研究不同,原始案例不局限于关于具有挑战性的国际商业形势的印刷或页面叙述。它是一个开放的、实时的信息空间,案例研究的学生可以在其中漫游。但它也伴随着一项具体而苛刻的任务,要求学生去发现、评估、分析、决定和交流。在国际商业的现实世界中,管理决策确实是这样做出的。今天,当商业的影响必须在不断变化的全球政治、经济、社会和技术环境的背景下理解和管理时,这就更加困难了。在我们看来,它也与转型管理教育相适应,这与AACSB新愿景(www.aacsb.edu/vision/infographic)中概述的我们职业的共同愿望相吻合。在本文中,我们介绍了原始案例学习法,提出了在国际商务教育中采用原始案例学习法的案例,并讨论了几个实施问题。
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引用次数: 6
Bridging Cultural Divides: Role Reversal as Pedagogy 弥合文化鸿沟:教育学的角色转换
IF 1.5 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/08975930.2019.1698395
S. Slater, Mayuko Inagawa
ABSTRACT Research on the education of international students sheds light on the difficulties of studying in a foreign language, but often underplays the opportunities provided by cultural diversity in the classroom. This study, prompted initially by the authors’ experiences of the contrasts between East/West learning styles, explores how education systems, language, and cultural orientations inform students’ approaches to learning. It explains how role reversal in the classroom can be implemented in higher (university) education settings, to generate deeper perspectives of meaning and understanding when teaching internationally diverse cohorts to show how imaginative postgraduate student engagement can not only bridge cultural differences, but also capitalize upon them. While the apparent polarization between East and West educational system stereotypes served as the catalyst for the search for effective pedagogies of engagement, the proposed methods were found to have universal application, clearly resonating with culturally diverse cohorts studying in the UK. The approach benefits international business teaching as cultural, national, and institutional perspectives become explicitly incorporated into course material, using the students’ own background, knowledge and experience as resources to add value.
关于国际学生教育的研究揭示了学习外语的困难,但往往低估了课堂上文化多样性所提供的机会。这项研究最初是由作者对东西方学习方式对比的经验所推动的,探讨了教育系统、语言和文化取向如何影响学生的学习方法。它解释了课堂上的角色转换如何在高等(大学)教育环境中实施,以便在教学国际多元化的群体时产生更深入的意义和理解视角,以展示富有想象力的研究生参与如何不仅可以弥合文化差异,而且可以利用它们。虽然东西方教育体系的明显两极分化是寻找有效参与教学法的催化剂,但研究发现,所提出的方法具有普遍适用性,显然与在英国学习的文化多样性群体产生了共鸣。这种方法有利于国际商务教学,因为文化、国家和制度的视角被明确地纳入课程材料,利用学生自己的背景、知识和经验作为资源来增加价值。
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引用次数: 6
Piloting a Portfolio of Experiential Learning Activities for International Business Students 为国际商科学生试行一系列体验式学习活动
IF 1.5 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/08975930.2019.1698393
J. Okoli, Nuno Arroteia, Oliver Barish
ABSTRACT The paper reflects on the practice of implementing a portfolio of experiential learning activities in workshops involving undergraduate students in an international business management module. The aim of the workshops was to bridge the gap between theory and practice and steer students toward an inductive and collaborative learning experience. The paper presents a series of nine activity-based workshops designed to reinforce theoretical concepts taught during lectures. Based on qualitative data from the module evaluation questionnaire, we found that the workshops significantly improved students’ learning experience, as well as enhanced their engagement with the module. This paper provides practitioners with practical materials and insights which can be immediately applied to teaching international business in a classroom environment. Moreover, by implementing a portfolio of experiential learning activities that provides a wide range of opportunities for students to experience first-hand real-world challenges, this approach is expected to aid their learning process at a crucial point of their academic careers.
摘要本文反思了在国际商业管理模块的本科生研讨会上实施体验式学习活动组合的实践。研讨会的目的是弥合理论和实践之间的差距,引导学生获得归纳和合作的学习体验。本文介绍了一系列九个以活动为基础的讲习班,旨在强化讲座中教授的理论概念。基于模块评估问卷的定性数据,我们发现研讨会显著改善了学生的学习体验,并增强了他们对模块的参与度。本文为从业者提供了实用的材料和见解,这些材料和见解可以立即应用于课堂环境中的国际商务教学。此外,通过实施一系列体验式学习活动,为学生提供广泛的机会,让他们亲身体验现实世界的挑战,这种方法有望在他们学术生涯的关键时刻帮助他们的学习过程。
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引用次数: 3
Enriching IB Course Design with Active Learning 积极学习丰富IB课程设计
IF 1.5 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/08975930.2019.1699318
R. Aggarwal, Yinglu Wu
Student engagement is most important for effective learning. While this is true for all learning settings, it is particularly true in teaching complex and inter-disciplinary subjects, such as international business. Active learning is a very important component of engagement and so active learning usually is a critical component in the international business (IB) curricula. Active learning tools can also greatly help internalize the concepts and knowledge being taught. Such internalization is an important part of building a global mind-set making many aspects of IB analysis and decision making instinctual – a very useful ability in complex and rapidly changing business situations. Consequently, it is imperative that we include active learning tools and pedagogies in IB course designs. Effective IB education should enable students to make decisions by analyzing and synthesizing information from multiple disciplines and, at the same time, accounting for the cross-cultural and cross-national differences. Neither of these two key abilities can be achieved through a single typical college class; rather, the development of business analytical skills and the global mind-set are likely to be the cumulative effects of the IB and non-IB disciplinary courses offered within the IB program (Aggarwal and Goodell 2015). An IB program needs to encompass a variety of courses and learning styles and components that can reinforce and build upon each other, and subsequently advance students along an effective path toward the desired outcome of student understanding and an ability for multidisciplinary and integrated decision making in IB settings. To develop students’ business analytical skills, initial IB courses usually focus on exercises that facilitate the learning and application of content related to a single business function (such as finance and marketing) with the emphasis on the difference between decisions within the domestic versus international scale. Higher-level courses tend to tap into the integration of business functions and the development of overall global management strategy. To develop students’ global mind-set, IB courses commonly also focus
学生的参与对于有效的学习是最重要的。虽然这适用于所有学习环境,但在教授复杂和跨学科科目时尤其如此,如国际商务。主动学习是参与的一个非常重要的组成部分,因此主动学习通常是国际商业(IB)课程的一个关键组成部分。积极的学习工具也可以极大地帮助内化所教授的概念和知识。这种内化是建立全球心态的重要组成部分,使IB分析和决策的许多方面成为本能——在复杂和快速变化的商业环境中,这是一种非常有用的能力。因此,我们必须在IB课程设计中纳入积极的学习工具和教学法。有效的IB教育应使学生能够通过分析和综合来自多个学科的信息做出决策,同时考虑跨文化和跨国家的差异。这两种关键能力都不可能通过一个典型的大学班级来实现;相反,商业分析技能和全球心态的发展可能是IB项目中提供的IB和非IB学科课程的累积效应(Aggarwal和Goodell,2015)。IB课程需要包含各种课程、学习风格和组成部分,这些课程、学习方式和组成部分可以相互加强和借鉴,从而使学生沿着一条有效的道路前进,从而达到学生理解的预期结果,并具备在IB环境中进行多学科综合决策的能力。为了培养学生的商业分析技能,最初的IB课程通常侧重于促进学习和应用与单一商业职能(如金融和市场营销)相关内容的练习,重点是国内和国际范围内决策之间的差异。更高层次的课程倾向于利用业务职能的整合和整体全球管理战略的制定。为了培养学生的全球心态,IB课程通常也注重
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引用次数: 3
Experiential Learning in the Digital Context: An Experimental Study of Online Cultural Intelligence Training 数字环境下的体验式学习:在线文化智力训练的实验研究
IF 1.5 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/08975930.2019.1663775
Laura Kirste, Dirk Holtbrügge
ABSTRACT Digital transformation has opened novel opportunities for educators to approach the challenges of educating tomorrow’s business leaders and managers. New methods of instruction such as blended learning and e-learning allow to cater better to a generation of digital natives and to enhance their learning ability. In the fast-moving business world, different cultures become increasingly intertwined which calls for managers who can function effectively in situations characterized by cultural difference. Hence, IB educators need to provide intercultural learning opportunity to a generation that lives on the intersection of the digital and analogue world. This paper presents and tests an approach to intercultural training by translating experiential learning into a digital context. Drawing on the results, enhancements and future directions for IB scholars and educators are offered.
摘要数字化转型为教育工作者提供了新的机会,让他们能够应对教育未来商业领袖和管理者的挑战。混合学习和电子学习等新的教学方法可以更好地满足一代数字原住民的需求,并提高他们的学习能力。在快速发展的商业世界中,不同的文化越来越交织在一起,这就要求管理者能够在以文化差异为特征的情况下有效运作。因此,IB教育工作者需要为生活在数字和模拟世界交汇点的一代人提供跨文化学习机会。本文提出并测试了一种将体验式学习转化为数字环境的跨文化培训方法。根据研究结果,为IB学者和教育工作者提供了改进和未来方向。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Journal of Teaching in International Business
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