Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2021.1988691
H. Marais
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Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2022.2036801
Jacobus Adriaan du Pisani
ABSTRACT Ikalafeng, kgosi of the Bahurutshe ba ga Moiloa at Dinokana since 1877, hoped to get British support to rid his people of Boer domination and engaged in acts of defiance against the Boers. Early in 1882 a Boer commando, accompanied by General Piet Joubert, the commandant-general of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, moved against the inhabitants of Dinokana, disarmed them, forced them to dismantle the fortifications around Dinokana and use the stones to build a ‘peace memorial’ (vredeskoppie), and imposed a heavy fine on them, which resulted in the loss of 20 per cent of their livestock. They were humiliated and impoverished, and did not recover from this setback. This article analyses Afrikaans-language narratives of these events written during the twentieth century from a pro-Boer perspective to show how they contributed to the mythology of apartheid.
摘要Ikalafeng，自1877年以来一直是Dinokana的Bahurutshe ba ga Moiloa的首领，他希望得到英国的支持，以摆脱他的人民对布尔人的统治，并参与反抗布尔人的行动。1882年初，一支布尔人突击队在祖伊德-南非荷兰语共和国总司令皮特·茹伯特将军的陪同下，对迪诺卡纳的居民采取行动，解除他们的武装，迫使他们拆除迪诺卡纳周围的防御工事，并用石头建造一座“和平纪念碑”（vredeskoppie），这导致他们损失了20%的牲畜。他们受到羞辱，一贫如洗，没有从这次挫折中恢复过来。本文从亲布尔人的角度分析了20世纪写的关于这些事件的南非荷兰语叙事，以展示它们是如何促成种族隔离神话的。
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Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2022.2061588
M. Titlestad
ABSTRACT Ohm Krüger premièred in Berlin in 1941 and was widely praised by audiences, critics and the Nazi high command. Joseph Goebbels, the Reich’s Minister of Propaganda, instituted a special award to honour the film, Film der Nation (Film of the Nation), and it was pronounced reichswichtig (important to the state). Ohm Krüger places in parallel the Boer War (1899–1902) 1 1 I have elected to use ‘Boer War’ instead of the more current and correct ‘South African War’ because the former accords more usefully with the language of comment and critique from 1900 to 1941. and the rise of German National Socialism. Presenting these histories as contiguous generates a series of ironies that undermine the film’s propagandist intentions. This is most striking in the concentration camp sequences at its climax. In order to consider the ways in which these scenes are at cross purposes with the ideological logic of the film, this article contextualises Ohm Krüger’s production, reviews the dynamics of its appropriation of the Boer cause, and dwells on its self-subversion. The argument concludes that totalitarianism is based, in part, on inculcating a mindset in its subjects consisting of their capacity to overlook contradictions between hegemony and reality.
《欧姆·克格尔》于1941年在柏林首演，受到观众、评论家和纳粹最高指挥部的广泛赞誉。德国宣传部长约瑟夫·戈培尔(Joseph Goebbels)设立了一个特别奖来表彰这部电影，即“国家电影”(film der Nation)，并将其命名为“对国家重要”(reichswichtig)。我选择使用“布尔战争”而不是更现代、更正确的“南非战争”，因为前者更符合1900年至1941年的评论和批评语言。以及德国国家社会主义的兴起。将这些历史连续呈现，产生了一系列的讽刺，破坏了影片的宣传意图。这在集中营情节的高潮部分最为引人注目。为了考虑这些场景是如何与电影的意识形态逻辑相冲突的，本文将欧姆·克拉格尔的作品置于语境中，回顾其对布尔事业的挪用，并探讨其自我颠覆。该论点的结论是，极权主义的部分基础是在其臣民中灌输一种心态，这种心态包括他们忽视霸权与现实之间矛盾的能力。
{"title":"Ohm Krüger: Context, Appropriation and Irony","authors":"M. Titlestad","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2022.2061588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2022.2061588","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ohm Krüger premièred in Berlin in 1941 and was widely praised by audiences, critics and the Nazi high command. Joseph Goebbels, the Reich’s Minister of Propaganda, instituted a special award to honour the film, Film der Nation (Film of the Nation), and it was pronounced reichswichtig (important to the state). Ohm Krüger places in parallel the Boer War (1899–1902) 1 1 I have elected to use ‘Boer War’ instead of the more current and correct ‘South African War’ because the former accords more usefully with the language of comment and critique from 1900 to 1941. and the rise of German National Socialism. Presenting these histories as contiguous generates a series of ironies that undermine the film’s propagandist intentions. This is most striking in the concentration camp sequences at its climax. In order to consider the ways in which these scenes are at cross purposes with the ideological logic of the film, this article contextualises Ohm Krüger’s production, reviews the dynamics of its appropriation of the Boer cause, and dwells on its self-subversion. The argument concludes that totalitarianism is based, in part, on inculcating a mindset in its subjects consisting of their capacity to overlook contradictions between hegemony and reality.","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"802 - 817"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42412180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2022.2052171
John Aerni-Flessner, Chitja Twala, M. Mushonga, Grey Magaiza
ABSTRACT Stock theft has long been a problem along the Lesotho–South Africa border. From Moshoeshoe I’s cattle-raiding in the nineteenth century through to the start of the democratic era in Lesotho (1993) and South Africa (1994), the idea that stock theft is both prevalent and an international problem has been generally accepted by one and all. This article traces and problematises the practice of stock theft to show how it has disproportionately impacted the poorest residents of the borderlands. Just as important as the actual practice of theft, however, is the construction of a perpetual ‘stock theft crisis’ on the border that has served the interests of those who are economically better off. The article therefore traces the history of theft, but also of the discourses around theft and thieves in the borderlands. Despite claims that stock theft is seemingly always on the rise, in many cases the sources dispute this. The contradictory and competing ideas about the practice of stock theft have helped to create and maintain the idea of a border in crisis that has historically served the ends of those who already have access to economic and political power.
{"title":"A Transnational History of Stock Theft on the Lesotho–South Africa Border, Nineteenth Century to 1994","authors":"John Aerni-Flessner, Chitja Twala, M. Mushonga, Grey Magaiza","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2022.2052171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2022.2052171","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Stock theft has long been a problem along the Lesotho–South Africa border. From Moshoeshoe I’s cattle-raiding in the nineteenth century through to the start of the democratic era in Lesotho (1993) and South Africa (1994), the idea that stock theft is both prevalent and an international problem has been generally accepted by one and all. This article traces and problematises the practice of stock theft to show how it has disproportionately impacted the poorest residents of the borderlands. Just as important as the actual practice of theft, however, is the construction of a perpetual ‘stock theft crisis’ on the border that has served the interests of those who are economically better off. The article therefore traces the history of theft, but also of the discourses around theft and thieves in the borderlands. Despite claims that stock theft is seemingly always on the rise, in many cases the sources dispute this. The contradictory and competing ideas about the practice of stock theft have helped to create and maintain the idea of a border in crisis that has historically served the ends of those who already have access to economic and political power.","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"903 - 926"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46754976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-06DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2021.1973078
Billy Keniston
{"title":"From Sharpeville to Rivonia, 1959–1964. A Personal View of Resistance in South Africa from the Letters of Clare & James Currey","authors":"Billy Keniston","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2021.1973078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2021.1973078","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"956 - 958"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41639578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2021.1968021
M. Kenyon
{"title":"Capricious Patronage and Captive Land: A Socio-political History of Resettlement and Change in South Africa’s Eastern Cape, 1960 to 2005","authors":"M. Kenyon","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2021.1968021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2021.1968021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"958 - 961"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43634317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2021.1965200
Thaddeus Sunseri
ABSTRACT From 1906, the Liebig’s Extract of Meat Company (LEMCO), parent of the Oxo and Fray Bentos brands, entered colonial Namibia as an export-oriented ranching and beef-processing enterprise, purchasing pastureland recently emptied by the Nama-Herero war, with the goal of replicating its successful South American operations in Africa. While LEMCO hoped to expand its markets in Germany and South Africa, the German colonial government anticipated that LEMCO would improve cattle and landscapes in South West Africa and offer German settlers an industrial outlet for their cattle. Unlike the major global beef suppliers, LEMCO relied on arid environments, using natural pastures and low-grade cattle, making Namibia supposedly ideal for its production. Yet ecological and human factors specific to South West Africa, including recurrent severe drought, sparse human populations, and international and transborder disease controls challenged these ambitions. While LEMCO’s multinational scope enabled it to navigate Anglo-German rivalries during the First World War, South African regional imperialism leading up to the Second World War, coupled with severe droughts during the interwar period, expedited the company’s exit from South West Africa in 1940. Its model of beef packing continued into the apartheid and post-independence periods.
从1906年起，拥有Oxo和Fray Bentos品牌的Liebig 's Extract of Meat Company (LEMCO)作为一家以出口为导向的牧场和牛肉加工企业进入了殖民时期的纳米比亚，收购了最近因纳马-赫雷罗战争而被清空的牧场，目的是在非洲复制其在南美的成功经营模式。虽然LEMCO希望扩大其在德国和南非的市场，但德国殖民政府预计LEMCO将改善西南非洲的牛和景观，并为德国定居者提供牛的工业出口。与全球主要的牛肉供应商不同，LEMCO依赖干旱的环境，使用天然牧场和低等级的牛，这使得纳米比亚被认为是其生产的理想之地。然而，西南非洲特有的生态和人为因素，包括经常性严重干旱、人口稀少以及国际和跨界疾病控制，对这些雄心壮志构成了挑战。虽然LEMCO的跨国业务范围使其能够在第一次世界大战期间顺利度过英德竞争，但南非地区的帝国主义导致第二次世界大战，加上两次世界大战期间的严重干旱，加速了公司在1940年退出西南非洲。它的牛肉包装模式一直延续到种族隔离和后独立时期。
{"title":"International Beef Packing in the Age of Empire: LEMCO in South West Africa, 1906–c.1940","authors":"Thaddeus Sunseri","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2021.1965200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2021.1965200","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT From 1906, the Liebig’s Extract of Meat Company (LEMCO), parent of the Oxo and Fray Bentos brands, entered colonial Namibia as an export-oriented ranching and beef-processing enterprise, purchasing pastureland recently emptied by the Nama-Herero war, with the goal of replicating its successful South American operations in Africa. While LEMCO hoped to expand its markets in Germany and South Africa, the German colonial government anticipated that LEMCO would improve cattle and landscapes in South West Africa and offer German settlers an industrial outlet for their cattle. Unlike the major global beef suppliers, LEMCO relied on arid environments, using natural pastures and low-grade cattle, making Namibia supposedly ideal for its production. Yet ecological and human factors specific to South West Africa, including recurrent severe drought, sparse human populations, and international and transborder disease controls challenged these ambitions. While LEMCO’s multinational scope enabled it to navigate Anglo-German rivalries during the First World War, South African regional imperialism leading up to the Second World War, coupled with severe droughts during the interwar period, expedited the company’s exit from South West Africa in 1940. Its model of beef packing continued into the apartheid and post-independence periods.","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"573 - 600"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47808171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2021.1995473
C. J. Makgala, Monageng Mogalakwe
ABSTRACT Indirect colonial rule in Botswana differed from practice elsewhere in British Africa because of the involvement of local public opinion expressed through the long-practiced kgotla forum. This had something to do with the ‘voluntary’ way Botswana fell under British colonial rule in 1885. However, problems sometimes arose, with aggressive agitation against and even violent confrontation with agents of the British colonial system. Starting in 1947 the British had plans for decolonising much of their African empire by introducing ‘democratic’ tribal conciliar systems for running local governments. But there were no immediate plans to do the same for Botswana until widespread turmoil, starting in the late 1940s, led to the introduction of the tribal conciliar system, even though the Tswana dikgosi (chiefs) wanted a more powerful legislative apparatus. Using archival sources this paper demonstrates how this development marginalised popular participation through the open kgotla.
{"title":"The Tribal Conciliar Experiment and Marginalisation of Local Public Opinion in Botswana, 1948–1957","authors":"C. J. Makgala, Monageng Mogalakwe","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2021.1995473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2021.1995473","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Indirect colonial rule in Botswana differed from practice elsewhere in British Africa because of the involvement of local public opinion expressed through the long-practiced kgotla forum. This had something to do with the ‘voluntary’ way Botswana fell under British colonial rule in 1885. However, problems sometimes arose, with aggressive agitation against and even violent confrontation with agents of the British colonial system. Starting in 1947 the British had plans for decolonising much of their African empire by introducing ‘democratic’ tribal conciliar systems for running local governments. But there were no immediate plans to do the same for Botswana until widespread turmoil, starting in the late 1940s, led to the introduction of the tribal conciliar system, even though the Tswana dikgosi (chiefs) wanted a more powerful legislative apparatus. Using archival sources this paper demonstrates how this development marginalised popular participation through the open kgotla.","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"679 - 705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45963694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2021.2030509
Thula Simpson, Ndapewoshali Ndahafa Ashipala, N. Shiweda, Marion Wallace, Dag Henrichsen, G. Miescher, L. Rizzo
Jeremy Silvester died on 5 July 2021, aged 58, following a struggle with Covid19. In the 1980s, while a doctoral student at the School of Oriental and African Studies, he was also a member of the London-based Namibia Support Committee. In 1994, he completed his Ph.D. on the history of land dispossession and labour recruitment in southern Namibia under South African colonialism. He subsequently became an academic at the University of Namibia in the 1990s, and thereafter director of the Museums Association of Namibia. In these capacities he supervised a number of students who subsequently occupied influential positions in the educational and heritage sectors; and he was also involved in the establishment of a number of new museums and archives. To commemorate his life, we convened a roundtable of his peers to reflect on his legacy as an academic and an activist in these various spheres.
{"title":"Remembering Jeremy Gale Silvester","authors":"Thula Simpson, Ndapewoshali Ndahafa Ashipala, N. Shiweda, Marion Wallace, Dag Henrichsen, G. Miescher, L. Rizzo","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2021.2030509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2021.2030509","url":null,"abstract":"Jeremy Silvester died on 5 July 2021, aged 58, following a struggle with Covid19. In the 1980s, while a doctoral student at the School of Oriental and African Studies, he was also a member of the London-based Namibia Support Committee. In 1994, he completed his Ph.D. on the history of land dispossession and labour recruitment in southern Namibia under South African colonialism. He subsequently became an academic at the University of Namibia in the 1990s, and thereafter director of the Museums Association of Namibia. In these capacities he supervised a number of students who subsequently occupied influential positions in the educational and heritage sectors; and he was also involved in the establishment of a number of new museums and archives. To commemorate his life, we convened a roundtable of his peers to reflect on his legacy as an academic and an activist in these various spheres.","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"727 - 740"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48159387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/02582473.2021.1960414
T. Lodge
1. P. Noonan, They’re Burning the Churches: The Final Dramatic Events that Scuttled Apartheid (Johannesburg: Jacana, 2003); M. Chaskalson, K. Jochelson, and J. Seekings, ‘Rent Boycotts, the State, and the Transformation of the Urban Political Economy in South Africa’, Review of African Political Economy, 14, 40 (1987), 47– 64; S.P. Lekgoathi, ‘The United Democratic Front, Political Resistance and Local Struggles in the Vaal and West Rand Townships in the 1980s’, in The Road to Democracy in South Africa,Vol. 4 (1980–1990) Part 1, edited by the South African Democracy Education Trust (Pretoria: Unisa Press, 2010), 555–610; J. Seekings, The UDF: A History of the United Democratic Front in South Africa, 1983–1991 (Cape Town: David Philip, 2000), Chapter 6; N. Vally, ‘The “Model Township” of Sharpeville: The Absence of Political Action and Organisation, 1960–1984’ (Master’s dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2011). 2. G. Rudé, The Crowd in History: A Study of Popular Disturbances in France and England, 1730–1848 (London: Serif, 1995). 3. Ibid., 11.
{"title":"Historical Dictionary of South Africa","authors":"T. Lodge","doi":"10.1080/02582473.2021.1960414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2021.1960414","url":null,"abstract":"1. P. Noonan, They’re Burning the Churches: The Final Dramatic Events that Scuttled Apartheid (Johannesburg: Jacana, 2003); M. Chaskalson, K. Jochelson, and J. Seekings, ‘Rent Boycotts, the State, and the Transformation of the Urban Political Economy in South Africa’, Review of African Political Economy, 14, 40 (1987), 47– 64; S.P. Lekgoathi, ‘The United Democratic Front, Political Resistance and Local Struggles in the Vaal and West Rand Townships in the 1980s’, in The Road to Democracy in South Africa,Vol. 4 (1980–1990) Part 1, edited by the South African Democracy Education Trust (Pretoria: Unisa Press, 2010), 555–610; J. Seekings, The UDF: A History of the United Democratic Front in South Africa, 1983–1991 (Cape Town: David Philip, 2000), Chapter 6; N. Vally, ‘The “Model Township” of Sharpeville: The Absence of Political Action and Organisation, 1960–1984’ (Master’s dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2011). 2. G. Rudé, The Crowd in History: A Study of Popular Disturbances in France and England, 1730–1848 (London: Serif, 1995). 3. Ibid., 11.","PeriodicalId":45116,"journal":{"name":"South African Historical Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"760 - 762"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42968244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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