AIMS Environmental Science最新文献

Radioactive waste management and disposal – introduction to the special issue 放射性废物的管理和处置-特刊简介

IF 1.4 Q3 Environmental Science

AIMS Environmental Science

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2023007

M. Sancho

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the physicochemical parameters on the water quality of the major rivers of Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines 菲律宾北三宝颜主要河流水质理化参数评价

IF 1.4 Q3 Environmental Science

AIMS Environmental Science

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2023022

Romie D. Laranjo, Ma.Rio Naguit, Farida C. Jamolod, Kristine Gladys E. Jambre, Norma I. Cabornay, Victor B. Bernido, Maricon Denber S. Gahisan

The province of Zamboanga del Norte is endowed with ample water resources which are the primary sources of domestic water for the people in the area. Nevertheless, these water resources face several man-made and industrial activities that generate unwanted pollution. In this study, the physicochemical characteristics of the major rivers of Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines were investigated to know the present condition and assess the overall water quality. The physicochemical parameters that were investigated includes pH, temperature, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphates ($ {mathrm{P}mathrm{O}}_{4}^{2-} $) and total mercury (Hg). The results of the water analyses revealed that the pH, temperature, nitrate as NO3-N and the total Hg were within the acceptable range prescribed by Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and World Health Organization (WHO). However, there was a significant increase of the total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations of 138±58.9,142.3±36.6 and 243±9.5 mg/L, respectively from downstream, midstream and upstream of Sindangan river. The total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations exceeded the permissible limit of 25–65 mg/L recommended by Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). Furthermore, the data showed that all values of the total phosphates for all the river systems exceeded the prescribed limit. Thus, to maintain the water quality of these rivers, proper monitoring and government intervention are very much required.

北三宝颜省拥有丰富的水资源，是该地区人民生活用水的主要来源。然而，这些水资源面临着一些产生有害污染的人为和工业活动。本研究对菲律宾北部三宝颜主要河流的理化特征进行了调查，以了解其现状并对整体水质进行评价。研究的理化参数包括pH、温度、硝态氮(NO3-N)、总悬浮固体(TSS)、总磷酸盐($ {mathrm{P}mathrm{O}}_{4}^{2-} $)和总汞(Hg)。水质分析结果显示，水质pH值、温度、硝酸盐NO3-N和总汞含量均在环境和自然资源部(DENR)和世界卫生组织(WHO)规定的可接受范围内。而新当干河下游、中游和上游的总悬浮固体(TSS)浓度分别为138±58.9、142.3±36.6和243±9.5 mg/L，显著增加。总悬浮固体(TSS)浓度超过了环境和自然资源部(DENR)建议的25-65 mg/L的允许限值。此外，数据显示，所有水系的总磷酸盐值都超过了规定的限值。因此，为了维持这些河流的水质，适当的监测和政府干预是非常必要的。

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引用次数: 1

Long-term economic impacts of coastal floods in Europe: a probabilistic analysis 欧洲沿海洪水的长期经济影响:一个概率分析

Q3 Environmental Science

AIMS Environmental Science

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2023033

Ignazio Mongelli, Michalis Vousdoukas, Luc Feyen, Antonio Soria, Juan-Carlos Ciscar

In this article we quantify the long-term economic impacts of coastal flooding in Europe. In particular, how the direct coastal damages generate long-term economic losses that propagate and compound throughout the century. A set of probabilistic projections of inundation-related direct damages (to residential buildings, firms' physical assets and agriculture production) is used as an exogenous shock to a dynamic stochastic economic model. The article considers explicitly the uncertainty related to the economic agents' behaviour and other relevant macroeconomic assumptions, i.e., how would consumers finance the repairing of their homes, how long does it take for a firm to reconstruct, whether firms decide to build-back-better after the inundation and possibly compensate the losses with a productivity gain. Our findings indicate that the long-term impacts of coastal floods could be larger than the direct damages. Under a high emission scenario (RCP8.5) the EU27 plus UK could lose every year between 0.25% and 0.91% of output by 2100, twice as much as the direct damages. The welfare losses present a strong regional variation, with the South (Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal and Spain), and United Kingdom (UK) plus Ireland regions showing the highest damages and a significant part of the population that could suffer significant welfare losses by the end of the century.

& lt; abstract>在这篇文章中，我们量化了欧洲沿海洪水的长期经济影响。特别是，直接的沿海损害如何造成长期的经济损失，并在整个世纪蔓延和复合。一组与洪水相关的直接损失(对住宅建筑、企业实物资产和农业生产)的概率预测被用作动态随机经济模型的外生冲击。本文明确考虑了与经济主体行为和其他相关宏观经济假设相关的不确定性，即，消费者将如何为他们的房屋维修提供资金，企业重建需要多长时间，企业是否决定在洪水过后更好地重建，并可能通过生产率增长来补偿损失。我们的研究结果表明，沿海洪水的长期影响可能大于直接损害。在高排放情景(RCP8.5)下，到2100年，欧盟27国加上英国每年可能损失0.25%到0.91%的产出，是直接损失的两倍。福利损失呈现出强烈的区域差异，南部地区(保加利亚、希腊、意大利、马耳他、葡萄牙和西班牙)、联合王国和爱尔兰地区的损失最为严重，到本世纪末，很大一部分人口可能遭受重大福利损失。& lt; / abstract>

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引用次数: 0

Are we doing the same? A worldwide analysis of business commitment to the SDGs 我们也在做同样的事情吗?对企业对可持续发展目标承诺的全球分析

IF 1.4 Q3 Environmental Science

AIMS Environmental Science

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2023025

Sónia Monteiro, Víctor Amor‐Esteban, Kátia Lemos, Verónica Ribeiro

The COVID-19 pandemic has set back progress toward the 2030 Agenda. This raises concerns about the ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as outlined in this global action plan. The responsibility to act to protect the planet, eradicate poverty and improve the current and future situations of people around the world requires the commitment of all actors, especially the public and private sectors. The objective of this paper is twofold. First, it aims to demonstrate the level of business commitment to the 2030 Agenda at a global level in a post-COVID period (2020–2021). Second, it aims to analyse whether this commitment, in general, and for each of the SDGs, is determined by the institutional context in which companies operate, as associated with the regulatory frameworks and cultural values of the different continents and countries (coercive and normative isomorphism). Based on a sample of the world's leading listed companies, i.e. 8,201 observations for the period of 2020–2021, the multivariate statistical technique HJ-biplot was applied to analyse whether business commitment to the 2030 Agenda is determined by the institutional context of the companies. The results show significant differences in the level of business commitment to sustainable development across regions and countries, as well as in the prioritisation of the SDGs. Countries in Asia (the Philippines) and Europe (Spain and Portugal) stand out as leaders, with the highest levels of SDG commitment. The USA and Qatar show the lowest engagement in business contribution to the SDGs. SDG 8, SDG 13 and SDG 12 appear as the top three priorities for companies in all countries. The results show that, in countries characterised by collectivism and feminism and with strong legal systems (civil law countries), companies are under greater pressure to adopt sustainable practices, which enables countries to improve their commitment to the SDGs.

2019冠状病毒病大流行阻碍了实现2030年议程的进展。这引发了人们对实现本全球行动计划中概述的可持续发展目标(sdg)能力的担忧。采取行动保护地球、消除贫困和改善世界各地人民当前和未来状况的责任要求所有行为体，特别是公共和私营部门作出承诺。本文的目的是双重的。首先，它旨在展示企业在后疫情时期(2020-2021年)在全球层面对2030年议程的承诺水平。其次，它旨在分析这种承诺，一般来说，对于每个可持续发展目标，是否由公司运营的制度背景决定，与不同大陆和国家的监管框架和文化价值观有关(强制性和规范性同构)。以2020-2021年8201家全球领先上市公司为样本，运用多元统计技术HJ-biplot分析企业对2030年可持续发展议程的承诺是否受到企业制度背景的影响。调查结果显示，不同地区和国家的企业对可持续发展的承诺水平以及可持续发展目标的优先顺序存在显著差异。亚洲国家(菲律宾)和欧洲国家(西班牙和葡萄牙)作为领先者脱颖而出，对可持续发展目标的承诺水平最高。美国和卡塔尔在企业对可持续发展目标的贡献方面参与度最低。可持续发展目标8、可持续发展目标13和可持续发展目标12是所有国家企业的三大优先事项。结果表明，在以集体主义和女权主义为特征的国家，以及拥有强大法律体系的国家(大陆法系国家)，企业在采用可持续实践方面面临更大的压力，这使各国能够改善其对可持续发展目标的承诺。

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引用次数: 2

Evaluation of river water quality in a tropical South Sumatra wetland during COVID-19 pandemic period COVID-19大流行期间热带南苏门答腊湿地河流水质评价

IF 1.4 Q3 Environmental Science

AIMS Environmental Science

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2023010

Muhammad Rendana, Yandriani, Muhammad Izzudin, Mona Lestari, M. I. Fattullah, Jimmy Aldian Maulana

The COVID-19 outbreak affected the world badly in this 21st century leading to the closure of all types of anthropogenic activities. It is declared that there was an environmental betterment in names of water quality and air quality during the COVID-19 period. In this study, we analyzed the improvement in water quality by evaluating the suspended particulate matter (SPM) using the remote sensing technique in a tropical South Sumatra wetland i.e., Musi River in Southern Sumatra, Indonesia. The SPM values were estimated from Landsat 8 images Level-2 product. A quantitative and spatial analyses of before (20th May 2019), during (22nd May 2020), and after COVID-19 (28th May 2022) periods were also calculated. Results revealed that the mean SPM values during COVID-19 period (4.56 mg/L) were lower than that before COVID-19 period (8.33 mg/L). Surprisingly, SPM showed an increase of 54% in SPM values after COVID-19 period, compared with during COVID-19 period. The role of human activities including industrial and domestic wastes during the restriction period was the main reason for alteration of pollution loads in the river. Outputs of this study can be used to arrange policies for the sustainable management of aquatic environments and water resources.

新冠肺炎疫情在21世纪给世界造成严重影响，导致各类人为活动停止。据称，在新冠疫情期间，水质和空气质量等环境得到了改善。在本研究中，我们利用遥感技术评价了印度尼西亚南苏门答腊岛热带湿地——木西河的悬浮颗粒物(SPM)，分析了水质的改善。SPM值由Landsat 8影像的Level-2产品估算。还计算了2019年5月20日(2019年5月20日)、2020年5月22日(2020年5月22日)和2022年5月28日(2019年5月28日)期间的定量和空间分析。结果显示，新冠肺炎期间SPM平均值(4.56 mg/L)低于前值(8.33 mg/L)。令人惊讶的是，与COVID-19期间相比，SPM值在COVID-19期间增加了54%。人类活动(包括工业和生活废物)在限制期内的作用是改变河流污染负荷的主要原因。本研究的产出可用于制定水环境和水资源可持续管理的政策。

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引用次数: 0

Bioleaching of critical metals using microalgae 利用微藻进行关键金属的生物浸出

IF 1.4 Q3 Environmental Science

AIMS Environmental Science

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2023013

S. Mukherjee, Sharanya Paul, S. Bhattacharjee, Somava Nath, Upasana Sharma, Sonali Paul

Critical metals, which mainly include the platinum group of metals, and the rare earth elements, have gained much importance because these elements are essential for economic development. A matter of concern is their availability, which is scarce, and so a constant supply is at risk. Bioleaching is one of the commonly used methods to extract these critical metals from various sources, such as industrial wastewater and mining water. In this study, we have discussed the mechanisms of bioleaching, the factors that affect bioleaching, and a correlation between the extraction of the critical metals using microalgae which has many positive aspects. The review also suggests the future prospects for the use of microalgae in the extraction of critical metals.

关键金属，主要包括铂族金属和稀土元素，变得越来越重要，因为这些元素对经济发展至关重要。一个值得关注的问题是它们的可用性，这是稀缺的，因此持续的供应处于危险之中。生物浸出是从工业废水和矿山水等各种来源中提取这些关键金属的常用方法之一。本文就微藻浸出的机理、影响微藻浸出的因素以及利用微藻提取关键金属之间的相关性进行了探讨，具有积极的意义。综述还对微藻在提取关键金属中的应用前景进行了展望。

引用次数: 0

Spanish business commitment to the 2030 Agenda in uncertain times 西班牙企业在不确定时期对2030年议程的承诺

IF 1.4 Q3 Environmental Science

AIMS Environmental Science

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2023015

Francisco M. Somohano-Rodríguez, F. David, Tânia‐Cristina Azevedo

Sustainability has become strategic since companies are aware that they must make a positive contribution to society and the environment in which they operate. At the same time, alliances have been formed and pacts have been made among nations to attempt to solve the social, economic and environmental problems that today's society faces. This is the case of the UN's 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This action plan entails the development of different initiatives to help face the challenges of this century, which have increased notably with the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to carry out an analysis of Spanish companies' commitment to the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs and verify what types of activities they propose to ratify their commitment in an uncertain period for firms. For a sample of 100 observations of Spanish firms in 2020 and 2021, we evidence that SDGs 4 (Quality education), 8 (Decent work and economic growth), 9 (Industry, innovation, and infrastructure), 13 (Climate action) and 17 (Partnerships for the goals) have been adopted by many companies, which have presented initiatives, projects and programmes to achieve their goals. Commitment to the SDGs had a positive evolution in 2021, i.e., firms created economic value, protected the environment and contributed to greater social well-being. Our results show companies' preferences in terms of stakeholders as their SDGs' actions focus on women, older people, young people, workers and trade unions, local governments and researchers in issues related to climate change. The paper contributes with a global assessment of companies' initiatives and helps to determine the impact of uncertain environments on business commitments to the 2030 Agenda.

可持续性已经成为战略，因为公司意识到他们必须对社会和他们经营的环境做出积极贡献。与此同时，各国之间形成了联盟，并达成了协议，试图解决当今社会面临的社会、经济和环境问题。联合国2030年议程和可持续发展目标(sdg)就是如此。这一行动计划要求制定不同的举措，以帮助应对本世纪的挑战，这些挑战因COVID-19大流行而明显增加。本研究的目的是对西班牙公司对2030年议程和可持续发展目标的承诺进行分析，并验证他们建议在不确定时期为公司批准其承诺的活动类型。通过对西班牙2020年和2021年100家公司的观察样本，我们证明了可持续发展目标4(优质教育)、8(体面工作和经济增长)、9(工业、创新和基础设施)、13(气候行动)和17(目标伙伴关系)已被许多公司采用，并提出了实现目标的举措、项目和计划。对可持续发展目标的承诺在2021年有了积极的发展，即企业创造了经济价值，保护了环境，并为更大的社会福祉做出了贡献。我们的研究结果显示了企业在利益相关者方面的偏好，因为他们的可持续发展目标行动关注的是与气候变化相关问题的妇女、老年人、年轻人、工人和工会、地方政府和研究人员。该文件有助于对企业的举措进行全球评估，并有助于确定不确定的环境对企业对《2030年议程》承诺的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental evaluation of lime spray drying for SO2 absorption 石灰喷雾干燥吸附SO2的实验评价

IF 1.4 Q3 Environmental Science

AIMS Environmental Science

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2023019

L. Koech, H. Rutto, T. Seodigeng

This paper presents the findings of an experimental investigation on the performance of a laboratory-scale spray dryer involving flue gas desulfurization. Using commercial hydrated lime as a sorbent, a systematic set of experiments were performed to evaluate SO2 absorption capacity of the spray dryer. The experimentation involved accurate measurement of the spray drying characteristics, such as temperature and SO2 concentration along the spray chamber, by varying the input and output variables. Tests were done to investigate the effects of spray characteristics, i.e., inlet gas phase temperature (120–180 ℃) and calcium-to-sulfur ratio (1–2.5), on SO2 removal efficiency. The performance of the spray dryer was further evaluated based on the degree of conversion of calcium (sorbent utilization) after SO2 absorption. Results indicated an increase in SO2 removal efficiency by increasing the stoichiometric ratio and decreasing the temperature. Absorption efficiency of SO2 beyond 90% was achieved at a stoichiometric ratio of 2.5. A high degree of conversion of calcium was realized at low stoichiometric ratios, with a maximum utilization of 94% obtained at a stoichiometric ratio of 1.5. The analysis of the final desulfurization product revealed the presence of sulfite with better conversion achieved at a stoichiometric molar ratio of 1.5. A significant amount of unreacted sorbent (63.43%) was observed at a stoichiometric ratio of 2, while samples collected at a stoichiometric ratio of 1.5 had the lowest concentration of unreacted Ca[OH]2 (41.23%).

本文介绍了对实验室规模的烟气脱硫喷雾干燥机性能的实验研究结果。以工业水合石灰为吸附剂，对喷雾干燥机的SO2吸附性能进行了系统的试验研究。该实验通过改变输入和输出变量，精确测量喷雾干燥特性，如沿喷雾室的温度和SO2浓度。试验研究了喷雾特性，即进口气相温度(120 ~ 180℃)和钙硫比(1 ~ 2.5)对SO2去除效率的影响。通过对SO2吸附后钙的转化率(吸附剂利用率)进一步评价喷雾干燥器的性能。结果表明，增加化学计量比和降低温度可以提高SO2的去除率。在化学计量比为2.5的条件下，SO2的吸收效率达到90%以上。在较低的化学计量比下实现了钙的高度转化，在化学计量比为1.5时获得了94%的最大利用率。对脱硫产物的分析表明，在化学计量摩尔比为1.5时，脱硫产物中存在亚硫酸盐，转化率较好。当化学计量比为2时，未反应的吸附剂数量显著(63.43%)，而当化学计量比为1.5时，未反应的Ca[OH]2浓度最低(41.23%)。

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引用次数: 0

Theory of planned behavior to understand pro-environmental behavior among Universiti Malaya students 计划行为理论以了解马来亚大学学生的亲环境行为

Q3 Environmental Science

AIMS Environmental Science

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2023038

Grace Phang, Zul Ilham

Due to industrialization and urbanization, the world is experiencing environmental degradation at an alarming rate. Irresponsible human behaviors have caused environmental concerns that are drastically affecting the natural ecosystem. To ensure a sustainable future for all, pro-environmental behavior should be practiced among university students to protect and conserve the environment. The objective of the study is to determine the key factors affecting pro-environmental behavior among Universiti Malaya (UM) students. A theoretical framework, theory of planned behavior (TPB), was introduced to examine whether environmental attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control have significant effects on intention and on pro-environmental behavior. Data collected from 394 respondents via online questionnaire was then examined using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results show that environmental attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have significant impact on the intention to adopt pro-environmental behavior among UM students. The results indicate that perceived behavioral control did not significantly influence pro-environmental behavior among UM students. The study also revealed that no significant difference was shown in gender and study background towards pro-environmental behavior. These findings assist higher education institutions in formulating polices, strategies and planning to enhance environmental behavior among the students. They also offer new insights and comprehensive information for researchers in conducting research related to environment behavior.

& lt; abstract>由于工业化和城市化，世界正以惊人的速度经历着环境退化。不负责任的人类行为引起了环境问题，严重影响了自然生态系统。为了确保所有人都有一个可持续的未来，大学生应该采取亲环境的行为来保护和保存环境。本研究的目的是确定影响马来亚大学(UM)学生亲环境行为的关键因素。本研究以计划行为理论为理论框架，探讨了环境态度、主观规范和感知行为控制对意愿和亲环境行为的显著影响。通过在线问卷收集394名受访者的数据，然后使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)进行检查。结果表明，环境态度、主观规范和感知行为控制对大学学生的亲环境行为意愿有显著影响。结果显示，认知行为控制并未显著影响澳门大学学生的亲环境行为。研究还发现，性别和学习背景对亲环境行为的影响没有显著差异。这些研究结果有助于高等教育机构制定政策、策略和规划，以促进学生的环保行为。它们还为研究人员进行环境行为相关研究提供了新的见解和全面的信息。& lt; / abstract>

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引用次数: 0

The impact of shared-production and remanufacturing within a multi-product-based flexible production system 基于多产品的柔性生产系统中共享生产与再制造的影响

IF 1.4 Q3 Environmental Science

AIMS Environmental Science

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2023016

Remanufacturing industry gives an opportunity to rework defective products from a production system and make them useful again. When an industry remanufactures multiple similar types of products, every type of product goes through the same procedure repetitively. Repetition of the same procedure for similar products causes the overuse of a machine. This study investigates a flexible production system to reduce the overuse of machines for repetitive tasks. A two-stage flexible production system is considered where the common parts of multiple products are produced and remanufactured in the Stage 1. Continuing from Stage 1, the rest product-specific production of each product and remanufacturing processes are completed in Stage 2. Transportation of products uses a multiple delivery policy. This study aims to optimize the cycle time for the production process along with the production rate for Stages 1 and 2. The model is solved by a classical optimization technique and numerical results find the minimum cost of the remanufacturing system. A linear along with non-linear relationship effect of the shared-production process on the production cost are discussed. Results show that the two-stage production system with a shared-production process is cost-efficient and reduce the cycle time.

再制造行业提供了一个机会，从生产系统中重新加工有缺陷的产品，使它们再次有用。当一个行业再制造多种相似类型的产品时，每种类型的产品都要重复经历相同的过程。对类似产品重复相同的程序会导致机器的过度使用。本研究探讨一个灵活的生产系统，以减少机器的过度使用，重复的任务。考虑一个两阶段柔性生产系统，其中阶段1生产多个产品的通用部件并进行再制造。从阶段1开始，每个产品的其他特定产品生产和再制造过程在阶段2完成。产品运输采用多次交付策略。本研究旨在优化生产过程的周期时间以及阶段1和阶段2的生产率。采用经典的优化方法对模型进行求解，并通过数值计算得到再制造系统的最小成本。讨论了共享生产过程对生产成本的线性和非线性影响。结果表明，两阶段生产系统具有共享生产过程的成本效益，缩短了生产周期。

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引用次数: 1