Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2023028
Adel I. Alalawy, Yang Yang, Fahad M. Almutairi, Haddad A. El Rabey, Mohammed A. Al-Duais, Abdelfatah Abomohra, El-Sayed Salama
Wastewater treatment by microalgae is an eco-friendly and sustainable method for pollutant removal and biomass generation. Microalgae production under abiotic stress (such as salinity/salt stress) has an impact on nutrient removal and fatty acid accumulation. In this study, a freshwater microalgal strain (Desmodesmus communis GEEL-12) was cultured in municipal wastewater with various NaCl concentrations (ranging from 25–150 mM). The growth kinetics and morphological changes of the microalgae were observed. The nutrient removal, salinity change, fatty acid composition, and biodiesel quality under various groups were also investigated. The maximum growth of D. communis GEEL-12 was observed in the control group at 0.48 OD680nm. The growth inhibition was observed under high salt conditions (150 mM), which showed poor tolerance with 0.15 OD680nm. The nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal significantly decreased from 99–81% and 5.0–5.9% upon the addition of 100–150 mM salt, respectively. Palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) were the most common fatty acid profiles. The abundance of C18:0 enhanced from 49.37%–56.87% in D. communis GEEL-12 upon high NaCl concentrations (100–150 mM). The biodiesel quality index of D. communis GEEL-12 under 50–75 mM salt concentrations reached the levels advised by international standards.
{"title":"Freshwater microalgae-based wastewater treatment under abiotic stress","authors":"Adel I. Alalawy, Yang Yang, Fahad M. Almutairi, Haddad A. El Rabey, Mohammed A. Al-Duais, Abdelfatah Abomohra, El-Sayed Salama","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2023028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2023028","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract> <p>Wastewater treatment by microalgae is an eco-friendly and sustainable method for pollutant removal and biomass generation. Microalgae production under abiotic stress (such as salinity/salt stress) has an impact on nutrient removal and fatty acid accumulation. In this study, a freshwater microalgal strain (<italic>Desmodesmus communis</italic> GEEL-12) was cultured in municipal wastewater with various NaCl concentrations (ranging from 25–150 mM). The growth kinetics and morphological changes of the microalgae were observed. The nutrient removal, salinity change, fatty acid composition, and biodiesel quality under various groups were also investigated. The maximum growth of <italic>D. communis</italic> GEEL-12 was observed in the control group at 0.48 OD<sub>680nm</sub>. The growth inhibition was observed under high salt conditions (150 mM), which showed poor tolerance with 0.15 OD<sub>680nm</sub>. The nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal significantly decreased from 99–81% and 5.0–5.9% upon the addition of 100–150 mM salt, respectively. Palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) were the most common fatty acid profiles. The abundance of C18:0 enhanced from 49.37%–56.87% in <italic>D. communis</italic> GEEL-12 upon high NaCl concentrations (100–150 mM). The biodiesel quality index of <italic>D. communis</italic> GEEL-12 under 50–75 mM salt concentrations reached the levels advised by international standards.</p> </abstract>","PeriodicalId":45143,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135497754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2023006
Francis I. Johnson, Richard Laing, Bassam Bjeirmi, M. Leon
Pipeline disasters have caused large losses to Nigeria in terms of economic, ecological, and human lives. A single incident can have devastating consequences for the environment, individuals, and communities. Research to date has recommended the significance of stakeholders, collaboration in overseeing these issues. This study examines the impacts of multi- stakeholders, collaboration on the management and mitigation of oil pipeline disasters in Nigeria, adopting the use of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The benefits of stakeholders, collaboration in the context of this study include but are not limited to: better information/intelligence sharing; improved decision-making; enhanced coordinated and timely intervention; improved response. The challenges associated with collaboration are: conflicts in shared responsibilities; inadequate resources; inadequate enforcement of environmental laws and guidelines; and inefficient communication systems. The goals of the collaborative pact will be effectively achieved if these challenges are properly addressed. This study recommends a framework for multi-stakeholders collaboration toward effective and efficient management and mitigation of oil pipeline disasters in Nigeria.
{"title":"The impacts of multi-stakeholders collaboration on management and mitigation of oil pipeline disasters in Nigeria","authors":"Francis I. Johnson, Richard Laing, Bassam Bjeirmi, M. Leon","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2023006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2023006","url":null,"abstract":"Pipeline disasters have caused large losses to Nigeria in terms of economic, ecological, and human lives. A single incident can have devastating consequences for the environment, individuals, and communities. Research to date has recommended the significance of stakeholders, collaboration in overseeing these issues. This study examines the impacts of multi- stakeholders, collaboration on the management and mitigation of oil pipeline disasters in Nigeria, adopting the use of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The benefits of stakeholders, collaboration in the context of this study include but are not limited to: better information/intelligence sharing; improved decision-making; enhanced coordinated and timely intervention; improved response. The challenges associated with collaboration are: conflicts in shared responsibilities; inadequate resources; inadequate enforcement of environmental laws and guidelines; and inefficient communication systems. The goals of the collaborative pact will be effectively achieved if these challenges are properly addressed. This study recommends a framework for multi-stakeholders collaboration toward effective and efficient management and mitigation of oil pipeline disasters in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":45143,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70231754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2023021
Manuel Rieiro-García, Víctor Amor‐Esteban, Cristina Aibar‐Guzmán
Based on the content analysis of the websites of 102 Spanish municipalities related to actions aligned with the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the X-STATIS technique was applied to analyze the status and dynamic evolution of commitment to the SDGs in regional and local governments over the period of 2016–2021. The results show a low but increasing level of SDG commitment, which also varies significantly across municipalities and regions, as well as by SDGs, which can be attributed to the influence of several sociodemographic factors, such as the number of inhabitants, dependent population and population density. SDG8 and SDG11 stand out as the main priorities of the municipalities, while initiatives related to SDG5, SDG6 and SDG 17 are the least prioritized. The COVID-19 pandemic has marked a turning point in this regard, with greater importance being given to the SDGs more related to people and prosperity. Our findings help citizens and public authorities to understand sustainable regions and municipalities, assess their performance in relation to different dimensions of sustainability and identify key challenges for future improvements. Specifically, the results suggest that public policies should promote actions related to gender equality, drinking water and sanitation and partnerships, as well as favor investment in the regions and municipalities that are lagging behind, in order to improve their level of commitment to the 2030 Agenda and reduce inequalities. From an academic point of view, our results open a door for the analysis of possible trajectories in the implementation of the SDGs at regional and local levels and the study of their determinants.
{"title":"'Localizing' the sustainable development goals: A multivariate analysis of Spanish regions","authors":"Manuel Rieiro-García, Víctor Amor‐Esteban, Cristina Aibar‐Guzmán","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2023021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2023021","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the content analysis of the websites of 102 Spanish municipalities related to actions aligned with the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the X-STATIS technique was applied to analyze the status and dynamic evolution of commitment to the SDGs in regional and local governments over the period of 2016–2021. The results show a low but increasing level of SDG commitment, which also varies significantly across municipalities and regions, as well as by SDGs, which can be attributed to the influence of several sociodemographic factors, such as the number of inhabitants, dependent population and population density. SDG8 and SDG11 stand out as the main priorities of the municipalities, while initiatives related to SDG5, SDG6 and SDG 17 are the least prioritized. The COVID-19 pandemic has marked a turning point in this regard, with greater importance being given to the SDGs more related to people and prosperity. Our findings help citizens and public authorities to understand sustainable regions and municipalities, assess their performance in relation to different dimensions of sustainability and identify key challenges for future improvements. Specifically, the results suggest that public policies should promote actions related to gender equality, drinking water and sanitation and partnerships, as well as favor investment in the regions and municipalities that are lagging behind, in order to improve their level of commitment to the 2030 Agenda and reduce inequalities. From an academic point of view, our results open a door for the analysis of possible trajectories in the implementation of the SDGs at regional and local levels and the study of their determinants.","PeriodicalId":45143,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70232116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Railway transportation is a significant contributor to Green House Gas (G.H.G.) emissions in the transportation sector. To mitigate this impact, it is crucial to adopt energy-efficient technology solutions. Improving the energy efficiency of railways can significantly reduce their environmental footprint. We employ a case study methodology to evaluate how energy-efficient technologies such as regenerative braking and lightweight materials affect the sustainability of railway operations. The research assesses the amount of energy used, emissions produced and overall effectiveness of these innovations on railway systems. The findings provide valuable insights into enhancing sustainability in rail transport and inform further research and policy initiatives to advance energy efficiency in the transportation industry. By embracing these technologies, we can potentially reduce the environmental impact of railways while supporting more equitable and sustainable transportation systems that align with global emission reduction goals and U.N. Sustainable Development Goals 2030.
{"title":"Assessment of the implications of energy-efficient technologies on the environmental sustainability of rail operation","authors":"Sanjeev Sharma, Vinay Kandpal, Tanupriya Choudhury, Ernesto D.R. Santibanez Gonzalez, Naveen Agarwal","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2023039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2023039","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract> <p>Railway transportation is a significant contributor to Green House Gas (G.H.G.) emissions in the transportation sector. To mitigate this impact, it is crucial to adopt energy-efficient technology solutions. Improving the energy efficiency of railways can significantly reduce their environmental footprint. We employ a case study methodology to evaluate how energy-efficient technologies such as regenerative braking and lightweight materials affect the sustainability of railway operations. The research assesses the amount of energy used, emissions produced and overall effectiveness of these innovations on railway systems. The findings provide valuable insights into enhancing sustainability in rail transport and inform further research and policy initiatives to advance energy efficiency in the transportation industry. By embracing these technologies, we can potentially reduce the environmental impact of railways while supporting more equitable and sustainable transportation systems that align with global emission reduction goals and U.N. Sustainable Development Goals 2030.</p> </abstract>","PeriodicalId":45143,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134882635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2023037
Hongpeng Fu
Climate change and the rapid development of cities have brought considerable challenges to the sustainable development of urban and rural areas, and using nature-based solutions to strengthen ecosystems' resilience and response capacity has become a consensus strategy. Natural solutions are the collective name for all solutions that increase the city's resilience while benefiting the environment and humanity. To deepen the theoretical research and practical development of NBS, I reviewed 87 papers on NBS through the Web of Science database. The study found that NBS-related research mostly focuses on five aspects: Concept of ideas, applied technology, implementation guidelines, performance evaluation and platform building. Currently, the emphasis is predominantly on ideas and platform development in developed countries. While the other three domains were also explored, they primarily adhere to conventional methodologies and content within the NBS context. While NBS research covered many areas and boasts an integrative, collaborative approach, it remained fragmented and lacked a cohesive system. On this basis, I proposed a systematic framework to strengthen the systematicity of the NBS system, give full play to the unique advantages of NBS as a comprehensive concept and promote the specific implementation and development of NBS. I examined NBS's progression and benefits, providing a thorough insight into its significance in sustainable urban development. The research introduced a cohesive framework by elucidating NBS's foundational concepts guiding subsequent inquiries. Such findings are pivotal for facilitating informed strategies and enhancing resilience to climate adversities, underscoring a comprehensive approach to sustainability.
& lt; abstract>气候变化和城市的快速发展给城乡可持续发展带来了巨大挑战,利用基于自然的解决方案增强生态系统的复原力和响应能力已成为共识战略。自然解决方案是所有解决方案的总称,这些解决方案既能增强城市的韧性,又能造福环境和人类。为了深化国家统计局的理论研究和实践发展,我通过Web of Science数据库查阅了87篇关于国家统计局的论文。研究发现,与nbs相关的研究主要集中在五个方面:理念、应用技术、实施指南、绩效评估和平台建设。目前,发达国家的重点主要放在创意和平台开发上。虽然其他三个领域也进行了探索,但它们主要遵循国家统计局背景下的传统方法和内容。虽然国家统计局的研究涵盖了许多领域,并以综合、协作的方式而自豪,但它仍然是碎片化的,缺乏一个有凝聚力的系统。在此基础上,我提出了一个系统框架,以加强国家统计局制度的系统性,充分发挥国家统计局作为一个综合概念的独特优势,促进国家统计局的具体实施和发展。我考察了国家统计局的发展历程和效益,深入了解了其在城市可持续发展中的重要意义。该研究通过阐明国家统计局的基本概念,为后续调查提供了一个有凝聚力的框架。这些发现对于促进知情战略和增强应对气候逆境的能力至关重要,强调了可持续发展的综合方法。& lt; / abstract>
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Nature-Based Solutions: Current status and future research","authors":"Hongpeng Fu","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2023037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2023037","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract> <p>Climate change and the rapid development of cities have brought considerable challenges to the sustainable development of urban and rural areas, and using nature-based solutions to strengthen ecosystems' resilience and response capacity has become a consensus strategy. Natural solutions are the collective name for all solutions that increase the city's resilience while benefiting the environment and humanity. To deepen the theoretical research and practical development of NBS, I reviewed 87 papers on NBS through the Web of Science database. The study found that NBS-related research mostly focuses on five aspects: Concept of ideas, applied technology, implementation guidelines, performance evaluation and platform building. Currently, the emphasis is predominantly on ideas and platform development in developed countries. While the other three domains were also explored, they primarily adhere to conventional methodologies and content within the NBS context. While NBS research covered many areas and boasts an integrative, collaborative approach, it remained fragmented and lacked a cohesive system. On this basis, I proposed a systematic framework to strengthen the systematicity of the NBS system, give full play to the unique advantages of NBS as a comprehensive concept and promote the specific implementation and development of NBS. I examined NBS's progression and benefits, providing a thorough insight into its significance in sustainable urban development. The research introduced a cohesive framework by elucidating NBS's foundational concepts guiding subsequent inquiries. Such findings are pivotal for facilitating informed strategies and enhancing resilience to climate adversities, underscoring a comprehensive approach to sustainability.</p> </abstract>","PeriodicalId":45143,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135311288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Industries face many challenges when emergencies arise. In emergency, there is an increasing demand for self-administered products that are easy to use. The decay rate of these products decreases with time. Moreover, the lack of disposal of used products increases waste and carbon emissions. By observing the scenario, this study develops a closed-loop supply chain management that considers the collection and remanufacturing of used products. The manufacturing rate is linear and the demand is ramp-type and carbon emissions dependent. The model is solved by a classical optimization and calculates the optimal total cost. The results show that the retailer can handle a shortage situation when the demand becomes stable (Case 2) and the total cost increases with the production rate. A sensitivity analysis shows the changes in the total cost with respect to the parameters.
{"title":"An environmental decision support system for manufacturer-retailer within a closed-loop supply chain management using remanufacturing","authors":"Subhash Kumar, Ashok Kumar, Rekha Guchhait, Biswajit Sarkar","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2023036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2023036","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract> <p>Industries face many challenges when emergencies arise. In emergency, there is an increasing demand for self-administered products that are easy to use. The decay rate of these products decreases with time. Moreover, the lack of disposal of used products increases waste and carbon emissions. By observing the scenario, this study develops a closed-loop supply chain management that considers the collection and remanufacturing of used products. The manufacturing rate is linear and the demand is ramp-type and carbon emissions dependent. The model is solved by a classical optimization and calculates the optimal total cost. The results show that the retailer can handle a shortage situation when the demand becomes stable (Case 2) and the total cost increases with the production rate. A sensitivity analysis shows the changes in the total cost with respect to the parameters.</p> </abstract>","PeriodicalId":45143,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates an account on the diversity and abundance of benthic infauna of Chettuva mangrove in Kerala. Marine benthic infaunal species are an important factor in marine ecosystems and play a chief ecological function in the mangrove ecosystem. This research article gives an overview of infaunal diversity associated with eight sites of Chettuva mangrove. The present study revealed that infaunal species are significantly moderate within this mangrove ecosystem.
{"title":"A Study of Infaunal Abundance, Diversity and Distribution in Chettuva Mangrove, Kerala, India","authors":"Rukhsana Kokkadan, Resha Neznin, Praseeja Cheruparambath, Jerisa Cabilao, Salma Albouchi","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2023005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2023005","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates an account on the diversity and abundance of benthic infauna of Chettuva mangrove in Kerala. Marine benthic infaunal species are an important factor in marine ecosystems and play a chief ecological function in the mangrove ecosystem. This research article gives an overview of infaunal diversity associated with eight sites of Chettuva mangrove. The present study revealed that infaunal species are significantly moderate within this mangrove ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":45143,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70231741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2023020
N. Sylvia, H. Husin, A. Muslim, Yunardi, Aden Syahrullah, Hary Purnomo, R. Dewi, Y. Bindar
Long-term exposure to pollution from particulate matter in palm oil mills can result in chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and mortality. Particulate matter with a size of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) has a greater impact than one with a size of 10 μm. The current PM cleaning equipment in palm oil mills consists of cyclones that are incapable of optimally filtering PM2.5. For this reason, it is necessary to design cyclone applications for fine particle separation in palm oil mills. Normal cyclones are incapable of segregating particles smaller than 2.5 μm. This study's objective was to design a cyclone with a filter on the vortex detector. These cyclones are utilized in PM2.5 fine particle filtration systems. Using computational fluid dynamics, cyclone performance is analyzed in terms of removal efficiency and pressure decrease. The research was conducted utilizing the Reynolds tress model with varying inlet velocities of 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 meters per second. The filter is composed of boiler bottom ash refuse from palm oil mills; 0.310 meters is the height of the filter bed inserted in the vortex finder. The obtained results demonstrated that the PM2.5 removal efficiency reached 98%, while the pressure decrease was only 93 Pa greater than that of conventional cyclones. Thereby, cyclone designs with bottom ash filters can be used to filter fine particulate matter, particularly particles smaller than 2.5 μm.
{"title":"Design and performance of a cyclone separator integrated with a bottom ash bed for the removal of fine particulate matter in a palm oil mill: A simulation study","authors":"N. Sylvia, H. Husin, A. Muslim, Yunardi, Aden Syahrullah, Hary Purnomo, R. Dewi, Y. Bindar","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2023020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2023020","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term exposure to pollution from particulate matter in palm oil mills can result in chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and mortality. Particulate matter with a size of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) has a greater impact than one with a size of 10 μm. The current PM cleaning equipment in palm oil mills consists of cyclones that are incapable of optimally filtering PM2.5. For this reason, it is necessary to design cyclone applications for fine particle separation in palm oil mills. Normal cyclones are incapable of segregating particles smaller than 2.5 μm. This study's objective was to design a cyclone with a filter on the vortex detector. These cyclones are utilized in PM2.5 fine particle filtration systems. Using computational fluid dynamics, cyclone performance is analyzed in terms of removal efficiency and pressure decrease. The research was conducted utilizing the Reynolds tress model with varying inlet velocities of 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 meters per second. The filter is composed of boiler bottom ash refuse from palm oil mills; 0.310 meters is the height of the filter bed inserted in the vortex finder. The obtained results demonstrated that the PM2.5 removal efficiency reached 98%, while the pressure decrease was only 93 Pa greater than that of conventional cyclones. Thereby, cyclone designs with bottom ash filters can be used to filter fine particulate matter, particularly particles smaller than 2.5 μm.","PeriodicalId":45143,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70232057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2023035
Saad S. Alrwashdeh
I explore the effect that albedo has on the amount of solar energy collected as well as the effectiveness of various building materials used in Jordan's varied construction industry. Albedo, which is the reflection of incoming radiation by surfaces, is of crucial relevance in minimizing the damage that solar radiation may do to building components like windows. The construction sector in Jordan is a substantial contributor to the overall level of energy consumption in the country because of the wide variety of building types, purposes and technologies found there. The findings of this research show that substances with greater albedo values produce the best results in terms of energy gains. These findings are supported by in-depth albedo value analyses and provide useful insights that may be used to improve building design and construction methods in Jordan, which will eventually lead to increased energy efficiency and sustainability within the construction sector.
{"title":"The Effect of Environmental Albedo on the Energy Use of a Selected House in Amman-Jordan","authors":"Saad S. Alrwashdeh","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2023035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2023035","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract> <p>I explore the effect that albedo has on the amount of solar energy collected as well as the effectiveness of various building materials used in Jordan's varied construction industry. Albedo, which is the reflection of incoming radiation by surfaces, is of crucial relevance in minimizing the damage that solar radiation may do to building components like windows. The construction sector in Jordan is a substantial contributor to the overall level of energy consumption in the country because of the wide variety of building types, purposes and technologies found there. The findings of this research show that substances with greater albedo values produce the best results in terms of energy gains. These findings are supported by in-depth albedo value analyses and provide useful insights that may be used to improve building design and construction methods in Jordan, which will eventually lead to increased energy efficiency and sustainability within the construction sector.</p> </abstract>","PeriodicalId":45143,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135311694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2023008
O. Osabuohien-Irabor, I. Drapkin
To achieve the ideal emissions reduction goals, several studies have suggested that carbon emissions should be examined in the framework of both territorial and consumption-based emissions. Nevertheless, the European Union (EU) SDGs targets aimed at mitigating carbon emissions based on the United Nation (UN) Kyoto Protocol structure, only appears to be concerned with the reduction of territorial-based emissions whilst emissions embodied on imported goods and services receive very little attention. To this end, this study examines the contributions of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and disaggregate trade flows toward consumption-based sustainability in twenty-one (21) EU countries for the period 1995–2019. The study utilizes the STIRPAT model (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology) and battery of advanced econometric techniques such as the Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL), Common Correlated Effects (CCE) and the Cross-Sectional Distributed Lags (CS-DL) to examine the short-and long-run dynamics of OFDI and trade on consumption-based emissions. Finding reveals that EU exports and OFDI spillover reduces consumption-based emission, whilst import of goods and services promote emissions both in the short-run and long-run. This suggests that the progress report on carbon emissions reduction for most EU countries under the greenhouse gas accounting systems are merely carbon emissions outsourced to low-income countries whilst consumption-based emission continues to increase. These findings are robust to several econometric problems with set of policy implications provided for policymakers and governments to formulate more efficient strategies toward the mitigation of consumption-based carbon emissions among EU countries.
{"title":"Toward achieving zero-emissions in European Union countries: The contributions of trade and overseas direct investments in consumption-based carbon emissions","authors":"O. Osabuohien-Irabor, I. Drapkin","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2023008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2023008","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve the ideal emissions reduction goals, several studies have suggested that carbon emissions should be examined in the framework of both territorial and consumption-based emissions. Nevertheless, the European Union (EU) SDGs targets aimed at mitigating carbon emissions based on the United Nation (UN) Kyoto Protocol structure, only appears to be concerned with the reduction of territorial-based emissions whilst emissions embodied on imported goods and services receive very little attention. To this end, this study examines the contributions of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and disaggregate trade flows toward consumption-based sustainability in twenty-one (21) EU countries for the period 1995–2019. The study utilizes the STIRPAT model (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology) and battery of advanced econometric techniques such as the Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL), Common Correlated Effects (CCE) and the Cross-Sectional Distributed Lags (CS-DL) to examine the short-and long-run dynamics of OFDI and trade on consumption-based emissions. Finding reveals that EU exports and OFDI spillover reduces consumption-based emission, whilst import of goods and services promote emissions both in the short-run and long-run. This suggests that the progress report on carbon emissions reduction for most EU countries under the greenhouse gas accounting systems are merely carbon emissions outsourced to low-income countries whilst consumption-based emission continues to increase. These findings are robust to several econometric problems with set of policy implications provided for policymakers and governments to formulate more efficient strategies toward the mitigation of consumption-based carbon emissions among EU countries.","PeriodicalId":45143,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70231800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}