Pub Date : 2021-05-05DOI: 10.1080/0145935X.2021.1913049
Katie Ellis, Danielle Leahy Laughlin
Abstract The growth of homelessness in the UK has been attributed to government led economic reform, beginning with the election of David Cameron in 2010, who promised to significantly reduce the UK’s welfare bill. We argue that these welfare reforms have adversely affected vulnerable young people and placed key services beyond their reach. This paper shares data collected from young people aged 16–21 living in a homeless hostel in England and seeks to challenge notions of responsibilization, which hold young people accountable for the circumstances in which they become encased. Participants reported that although homelessness was precipitated by violence and abuse at home, local authorities sought parental consent before making provision available. Young people described being refused help and advised to “go home” when they reported themselves as being homeless. Despite feeling safe and well supported in the hostel, residents were aware that hostel support was temporary and described feeling worried about their future. Our research highlights the limited nature of services and concludes that vulnerable young people, without family support, are especially disadvantaged by their circumstances.
{"title":"Youth Homelessness in Austerity Britain: “We Can’t Help You, You Need to Go Back Home”","authors":"Katie Ellis, Danielle Leahy Laughlin","doi":"10.1080/0145935X.2021.1913049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0145935X.2021.1913049","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The growth of homelessness in the UK has been attributed to government led economic reform, beginning with the election of David Cameron in 2010, who promised to significantly reduce the UK’s welfare bill. We argue that these welfare reforms have adversely affected vulnerable young people and placed key services beyond their reach. This paper shares data collected from young people aged 16–21 living in a homeless hostel in England and seeks to challenge notions of responsibilization, which hold young people accountable for the circumstances in which they become encased. Participants reported that although homelessness was precipitated by violence and abuse at home, local authorities sought parental consent before making provision available. Young people described being refused help and advised to “go home” when they reported themselves as being homeless. Despite feeling safe and well supported in the hostel, residents were aware that hostel support was temporary and described feeling worried about their future. Our research highlights the limited nature of services and concludes that vulnerable young people, without family support, are especially disadvantaged by their circumstances.","PeriodicalId":45151,"journal":{"name":"Child & Youth Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0145935X.2021.1913049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41861759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/0145935X.2021.1903857
H. Modlin, Douglas Magnuson
Abstract The work of caring for children and youth in residential care is a type of “mental demand,” in Kegan’s phrase, and in this study we used Kegan’s constructive developmental theory to interpret the mental demands on front-line child and youth care practitioners. The research questions were (a) how do different meaning-making systems influence how practitioners cope with and experience the demands of the job, and (b) what do child and youth care practitioners, with different meaning-making systems, identify as the primary challenges and the most satisfying experiences, and how do they experience and cope with these challenges? From the initial pool of 99, eighteen participants were selected for in-depth, qualitative interviews to assess the ways in which they make meaning and explore their experiences in residential care. There was internal coherence among the self-authoring and socialized epistemological orders and across organizations. This way of understanding the work reinterprets practice problems, including boundaries and limit testing, turnover and burnout, and how to do supervision.
{"title":"A Constructive-Developmental Analysis of Satisfaction, Challenge and Coping in Residential Child and Youth Care","authors":"H. Modlin, Douglas Magnuson","doi":"10.1080/0145935X.2021.1903857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0145935X.2021.1903857","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The work of caring for children and youth in residential care is a type of “mental demand,” in Kegan’s phrase, and in this study we used Kegan’s constructive developmental theory to interpret the mental demands on front-line child and youth care practitioners. The research questions were (a) how do different meaning-making systems influence how practitioners cope with and experience the demands of the job, and (b) what do child and youth care practitioners, with different meaning-making systems, identify as the primary challenges and the most satisfying experiences, and how do they experience and cope with these challenges? From the initial pool of 99, eighteen participants were selected for in-depth, qualitative interviews to assess the ways in which they make meaning and explore their experiences in residential care. There was internal coherence among the self-authoring and socialized epistemological orders and across organizations. This way of understanding the work reinterprets practice problems, including boundaries and limit testing, turnover and burnout, and how to do supervision.","PeriodicalId":45151,"journal":{"name":"Child & Youth Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0145935X.2021.1903857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45695044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/0145935x.2021.1959748
G. Charles, Ben Anderson-Nathe
{"title":"The Way Forward With COVID: Better Than Before","authors":"G. Charles, Ben Anderson-Nathe","doi":"10.1080/0145935x.2021.1959748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0145935x.2021.1959748","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45151,"journal":{"name":"Child & Youth Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0145935x.2021.1959748","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42732494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/0145935X.2021.1938526
N. Harper, Douglas Magnuson, Will W. Dobud
Abstract Outdoor behavioral healthcare (OBH or wilderness therapy) is an out-of-home adolescent treatment option serving tens of thousands of youths annually for behavioral, substance, and mental health issues in the United States. About half of OBH participants attend involuntarily and are transported by services specialized for “uncooperative” youth. Transportation has been argued by some researchers to have little impact on youth in treatment, and Tucker and colleagues found little difference in outcomes between not transported and transported youth. Ethical and empirical concerns arise from these findings, and we apply a critical perspective to address these concerns. Specifically, we examined the claim in OBH research that being transported has no significant bearing on client treatment outcomes. We propose that the findings of no difference were random, rather than systematic, because they were constructed on a post hoc measure of perceived voluntariness. To demonstrate, we used data from OBH to construct five different measures of voluntary/involuntary, also fabricated post hoc. All five operationalizations resulted in statistically significant differences across a variety of social and psychological outcomes, demonstrating inconsistencies across the findings. Further independent and rigorous research is called for in OBH to understand the use and ethics of forced transportation, coercion, and involuntary treatment.
{"title":"A Closer Look at Involuntary Treatment and the Use of Transport Service in Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare (Wilderness Therapy)","authors":"N. Harper, Douglas Magnuson, Will W. Dobud","doi":"10.1080/0145935X.2021.1938526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0145935X.2021.1938526","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Outdoor behavioral healthcare (OBH or wilderness therapy) is an out-of-home adolescent treatment option serving tens of thousands of youths annually for behavioral, substance, and mental health issues in the United States. About half of OBH participants attend involuntarily and are transported by services specialized for “uncooperative” youth. Transportation has been argued by some researchers to have little impact on youth in treatment, and Tucker and colleagues found little difference in outcomes between not transported and transported youth. Ethical and empirical concerns arise from these findings, and we apply a critical perspective to address these concerns. Specifically, we examined the claim in OBH research that being transported has no significant bearing on client treatment outcomes. We propose that the findings of no difference were random, rather than systematic, because they were constructed on a post hoc measure of perceived voluntariness. To demonstrate, we used data from OBH to construct five different measures of voluntary/involuntary, also fabricated post hoc. All five operationalizations resulted in statistically significant differences across a variety of social and psychological outcomes, demonstrating inconsistencies across the findings. Further independent and rigorous research is called for in OBH to understand the use and ethics of forced transportation, coercion, and involuntary treatment.","PeriodicalId":45151,"journal":{"name":"Child & Youth Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0145935X.2021.1938526","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47953252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/0145935X.2021.1926228
T. Prochnow, M. Patterson, Christina N. Bridges Hamilton, Haley Delgado, S. Craig, M. R. Umstattd Meyer
Abstract This study examined sex differences in child friendship networks relative to summer care programs and associations with self-reported physical activity (PA) across summer. Children (n = 182; mean age = 9.93 years; SD = 1.28) at two summer care programs reported PA and information about up to five people they hung around with at the program and five outside the program at the beginning and end of summer. Male children reported significantly more PA than females at both timepoints. Average PA of in-program friends was significantly associated with PA for both sexes. More studies should acknowledge access to summer care programming when assessing summertime PA.
{"title":"Sex Differences in Play Networks and Self-Reported Physical Activity Among Children at Summer Care Programs","authors":"T. Prochnow, M. Patterson, Christina N. Bridges Hamilton, Haley Delgado, S. Craig, M. R. Umstattd Meyer","doi":"10.1080/0145935X.2021.1926228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0145935X.2021.1926228","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examined sex differences in child friendship networks relative to summer care programs and associations with self-reported physical activity (PA) across summer. Children (n = 182; mean age = 9.93 years; SD = 1.28) at two summer care programs reported PA and information about up to five people they hung around with at the program and five outside the program at the beginning and end of summer. Male children reported significantly more PA than females at both timepoints. Average PA of in-program friends was significantly associated with PA for both sexes. More studies should acknowledge access to summer care programming when assessing summertime PA.","PeriodicalId":45151,"journal":{"name":"Child & Youth Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0145935X.2021.1926228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47388430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.1080/0145935X.2021.1901572
B. N. Bunga, Apris A Adu, Yeni Damayanti, Theodora Takalapeta, Shela C. Pello, I. Kiling
Abstract Since March 2020, the coronavirus disease has spread in Indonesia and affected many sectors of youth's life including education. Indonesia takes measures of distance learning to adapt to the pandemic, focusing on learning through digital media. Implementation of online learning in Indonesia has varying results, causing youth living in under-developed areas to be exposed to poor distance learning due to inadequate internet connection. This study examined how youth in the under-developed area of Indonesia experience online learning. 14 young people living in Kupang City, West Timor participated in photovoice and interview sessions. Thematic analysis identified three themes, which are the benefits and challenges of online learning, synchronous versus asynchronous learning, and the future of online learning. The use of photovoice managed to capture details of online learning implementation on youth and its implications are detailed further in this study.
{"title":"Synchronous vs. Asynchronous: Photovoice Study on Indonesian Youth’s Online Learning Experience","authors":"B. N. Bunga, Apris A Adu, Yeni Damayanti, Theodora Takalapeta, Shela C. Pello, I. Kiling","doi":"10.1080/0145935X.2021.1901572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0145935X.2021.1901572","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since March 2020, the coronavirus disease has spread in Indonesia and affected many sectors of youth's life including education. Indonesia takes measures of distance learning to adapt to the pandemic, focusing on learning through digital media. Implementation of online learning in Indonesia has varying results, causing youth living in under-developed areas to be exposed to poor distance learning due to inadequate internet connection. This study examined how youth in the under-developed area of Indonesia experience online learning. 14 young people living in Kupang City, West Timor participated in photovoice and interview sessions. Thematic analysis identified three themes, which are the benefits and challenges of online learning, synchronous versus asynchronous learning, and the future of online learning. The use of photovoice managed to capture details of online learning implementation on youth and its implications are detailed further in this study.","PeriodicalId":45151,"journal":{"name":"Child & Youth Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0145935X.2021.1901572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44473050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-26DOI: 10.1080/0145935X.2021.1901571
Jennifer Renick, Miguel N. Abad, Elizabeth A. van Es, Elizabeth Mendoza
Abstract Efforts to transform educational systems advocate for shifting and expanding the voices of those who generate research. This study was part of a project that brought together mathematics teachers, youth workers, and researchers to create equity-centered noticing frameworks for mathematics instruction. We explore youth workers’ understandings of the relationship between local educational equity problems and larger structural forces. By applying the framework of critical bifocality, we explore how youth workers demonstrate praxis where their pedagogical responses are animated by an understanding of the inherent linkages between broad social, economic, and political forces and educational equity issues in the local community.
{"title":"“It’s All Connected”: Critical Bifocality and the Liminal Practice of Youth Work","authors":"Jennifer Renick, Miguel N. Abad, Elizabeth A. van Es, Elizabeth Mendoza","doi":"10.1080/0145935X.2021.1901571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0145935X.2021.1901571","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Efforts to transform educational systems advocate for shifting and expanding the voices of those who generate research. This study was part of a project that brought together mathematics teachers, youth workers, and researchers to create equity-centered noticing frameworks for mathematics instruction. We explore youth workers’ understandings of the relationship between local educational equity problems and larger structural forces. By applying the framework of critical bifocality, we explore how youth workers demonstrate praxis where their pedagogical responses are animated by an understanding of the inherent linkages between broad social, economic, and political forces and educational equity issues in the local community.","PeriodicalId":45151,"journal":{"name":"Child & Youth Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0145935X.2021.1901571","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48583631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1080/0145935X.2021.1894922
Liat Yakhnich, Hana Himi, K. Michael
Abstract In this study, we examined Child and Youth Care (CYC) students' retrospective perceptions of their adolescence, including communication with their parents, peer relationships, involvement in risk-taking behavior, and identity-exploration experiences, compared to those of students in the teacher-training track. Moreover, we examined a model, in which the association between these perceptions and the students' choice of the CYC track is mediated by extrinsic motives. The sample included 158 students, 92 of them in the CYC track and 66 in the teacher-training track. The CYC students reported lower levels of communication with their parents and higher levels of positive peer relationships, involvement in risk-taking behavior and identity-exploration experiences during adolescence. A significant difference was found in motives for choice of profession: CYC students reported lower levels of extrinsic motivation than the student-teachers. The model indicated that the association between communication with parents and choice of CYC studies was mediated by involvement in risk-taking behavior and extrinsic motives, while the association between peer relationships and choice of CYC studies was mediated by identity-exploration experiences and extrinsic motives. The findings have practical implications for student training, suggesting that emphasis be placed on the continuous and consistent connection between personal experiences and professional development—for the benefit of both CYC students and their target population: at-risk children and youth.
{"title":"Students’ Perspectives Regarding Adolescence and Their Motivation for Choosing the Child and Youth Care Track","authors":"Liat Yakhnich, Hana Himi, K. Michael","doi":"10.1080/0145935X.2021.1894922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0145935X.2021.1894922","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, we examined Child and Youth Care (CYC) students' retrospective perceptions of their adolescence, including communication with their parents, peer relationships, involvement in risk-taking behavior, and identity-exploration experiences, compared to those of students in the teacher-training track. Moreover, we examined a model, in which the association between these perceptions and the students' choice of the CYC track is mediated by extrinsic motives. The sample included 158 students, 92 of them in the CYC track and 66 in the teacher-training track. The CYC students reported lower levels of communication with their parents and higher levels of positive peer relationships, involvement in risk-taking behavior and identity-exploration experiences during adolescence. A significant difference was found in motives for choice of profession: CYC students reported lower levels of extrinsic motivation than the student-teachers. The model indicated that the association between communication with parents and choice of CYC studies was mediated by involvement in risk-taking behavior and extrinsic motives, while the association between peer relationships and choice of CYC studies was mediated by identity-exploration experiences and extrinsic motives. The findings have practical implications for student training, suggesting that emphasis be placed on the continuous and consistent connection between personal experiences and professional development—for the benefit of both CYC students and their target population: at-risk children and youth.","PeriodicalId":45151,"journal":{"name":"Child & Youth Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0145935X.2021.1894922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43953370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-09DOI: 10.1080/0145935X.2021.1894921
Okpara Tochukwu Felicia, F. Talabi, Omowale Adelabu, C. Okpara, V. C. Gever
Abstract Available evidence on the demographic characteristics of social media users in Nigeria point to the fact that youth utilize social media platforms the most; available statistics also point to the fact that youth unemployment is a global problem. Despite these facts, limited studies have examined how social media platforms can be used to address the problem of youth unemployment through skill acquisition. In this study, we used variables from e-learning theory, theory of cognitive dissonance, and theory of planned behavior to explore the effectiveness of a social-media based intervention on youth knowledge of painting, fashion and design skills as well as perception about them as sources of income. We also examined predictors of youth intention toward painting, fashion and design as sources of income. We tested the effectiveness of our intervention on 470 (control group, n = 235; treatment group, n = 245). Our results showed that the experiment was effective because members of the treatment group reported better knowledge of painting, fashion and design skill, following the intervention, more positive perception of painting and fashion and design as sources of income, and positive intention toward painting, fashion and design. We made recommendations based on the results of the study.
{"title":"Effect of a Social Media-Based Intervention on Perception, Knowledge, and Intention toward Painting, Fashion and Design among Unemployed Young Graduates in Nigeria","authors":"Okpara Tochukwu Felicia, F. Talabi, Omowale Adelabu, C. Okpara, V. C. Gever","doi":"10.1080/0145935X.2021.1894921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0145935X.2021.1894921","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Available evidence on the demographic characteristics of social media users in Nigeria point to the fact that youth utilize social media platforms the most; available statistics also point to the fact that youth unemployment is a global problem. Despite these facts, limited studies have examined how social media platforms can be used to address the problem of youth unemployment through skill acquisition. In this study, we used variables from e-learning theory, theory of cognitive dissonance, and theory of planned behavior to explore the effectiveness of a social-media based intervention on youth knowledge of painting, fashion and design skills as well as perception about them as sources of income. We also examined predictors of youth intention toward painting, fashion and design as sources of income. We tested the effectiveness of our intervention on 470 (control group, n = 235; treatment group, n = 245). Our results showed that the experiment was effective because members of the treatment group reported better knowledge of painting, fashion and design skill, following the intervention, more positive perception of painting and fashion and design as sources of income, and positive intention toward painting, fashion and design. We made recommendations based on the results of the study.","PeriodicalId":45151,"journal":{"name":"Child & Youth Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0145935X.2021.1894921","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46653783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-11DOI: 10.1080/0145935X.2020.1834947
M. DeGagné
The global pandemic has far reaching consequences for virtually every aspect of Canadian society. In addition to harms, the pandemic also presents opportunities to the post-Covid landscape. While w...
{"title":"Bringing the Tools of Success to the Indigenous Community in the Time of Covid","authors":"M. DeGagné","doi":"10.1080/0145935X.2020.1834947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0145935X.2020.1834947","url":null,"abstract":"The global pandemic has far reaching consequences for virtually every aspect of Canadian society. In addition to harms, the pandemic also presents opportunities to the post-Covid landscape. While w...","PeriodicalId":45151,"journal":{"name":"Child & Youth Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0145935X.2020.1834947","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46725145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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