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Populist Understandings of the Law: A Conservative Backlash? 民粹主义者对法律的理解:保守派的反对?
IF 0.8 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-11-15 DOI: 10.1285/I20356609V13I3P1433
Paul Blokker
The main argument is that the contemporary manifestations of right-wing populism in Europe ought to be understood, at least in part, as reactions to a distinctive form of postwar European society, which I will call here embedded constitutional democracy. The argument is that the populist reaction to embedded constitutional democracy generally takes a conservative form. This conservatism is expressed in rather different ways (ranging from ethnoreligious views to 'illiberal liberal' ones), but at the same time populism displays a shared core of criticisms on liberalism, and in particular regarding the internationalized or global version of liberalism. In the article, I will start with a brief analysis of the emergence of postwar society in the form of embedded constitutional democracy, used as a backcloth for the subsequent discussion of critical views of liberal understandings of the law in conservative populist thinking. I will, then, focus on populists' critical views of liberalism and 'globalism', analyzed in the form of contemporary articulations of (conservative) populism in both East-Central Europe (Hungary and Poland), and Western Europe (France, Italy, the Netherlands). In order to identify ideological affinities and critical positions, I discuss four themes: abstractness and inauthenticity, identity threat, domination, and legal fundamentalism.
主要观点是,欧洲右翼民粹主义的当代表现应该被理解为(至少在一定程度上)对战后欧洲社会一种独特形式的反应,我将在这里称之为嵌入式宪政民主。其论点是,民粹主义对根深蒂固的宪政民主的反应通常采取保守的形式。这种保守主义以相当不同的方式表达(从民族宗教观点到“非自由主义的自由主义”观点),但与此同时,民粹主义表现出对自由主义的共同批评核心,特别是关于自由主义的国际化或全球版本。在本文中,我将首先简要分析以嵌入式宪政民主形式出现的战后社会,并以此作为后续讨论保守民粹主义思想中自由主义对法律理解的批判观点的背景。然后,我将把重点放在民粹主义者对自由主义和“全球主义”的批判观点上,并以中欧东部(匈牙利和波兰)和西欧(法国、意大利、荷兰)当代(保守)民粹主义的表达形式进行分析。为了确定意识形态的亲和力和批判立场,我讨论了四个主题:抽象和不真实性,身份威胁,统治和法律原教旨主义。
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引用次数: 3
Squatting and Urban Commons: Creating Alternatives to Neoliberalism 蹲地与城市公地:创造新自由主义的替代方案
IF 0.8 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-11-15 DOI: 10.1285/I20356609V13I3P1244
Miguel A. Martínez, D. Polanska
Here we introduce the special issue of Partecipazione e Conflitto concerning the theme "Squatting and Urban Commons: Creating Alternatives to Neoliberalism". In particular, we present the context and origins of this edition, the rationale behind these theoretical and empirical concerns, and the main contents of the gathered articles.
在这里,我们介绍《聚会与冲突》的特刊,主题是“蹲和城市公共:创造新自由主义的替代品”。特别是,我们介绍了本版本的背景和起源,这些理论和实证问题背后的基本原理,以及所收集文章的主要内容。
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引用次数: 4
In Search of Urban Commons Through Squatting : The Role of Knowledge Sharing in the Creation and Organization of Everyday Utopian Spaces in Sweden 通过蹲地寻找城市公地:知识共享在瑞典日常乌托邦空间的创造和组织中的作用
IF 0.8 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-11-15 DOI: 10.1285/I20356609V13I3P1355
D. Polanska, T. Weldon
This study bridges research on squatting and urban commons by studying squatting - when collectively self-organized for community wide social (material and immaterial) benefit and within largely anti-capitalist and anarchist ways - as a practice of commoning. In this paper we analyze the "why" and "how" of such a practice in a Swedish context. A country where the provision of community spaces has historically been satisfied by public authorities within a contradictory hybrid model of corporatist/state capitalism amidst a traditionally well-developed public service sector and strong civil society. Our empirical material consists of 17 semi-structured interviews with squatters, as well as the authors' participant observation at the longest lasting squats in the Swedish capital since 2000. We focus on how the creation of this 'free and voluntary' community led to a 'commoning' of knowledge and skills within squatters' daily lives; and how these practices developed, evolved, and were maintained. Our analysis shows that while the space, most objects in it, and the provisioning of goods there were commoned; the most profound 'commoning' there was immaterial in nature. This commoning centered on the un/intentional sharing, diffusion, and commoning of knowledge, skills, and even emotions and feelings which happened within the mixture of planned and autonomously rotating responsibilities in space.
本研究通过研究蹲地作为一种共同的实践——当蹲地集体自组织为整个社区的社会(物质和非物质)利益时,并以很大程度上反资本主义和无政府主义的方式——连接了蹲地和城市公地的研究。在本文中,我们在瑞典的背景下分析了这种做法的“为什么”和“如何”。在这个国家,公共当局在社团主义/国家资本主义的矛盾混合模式下,在传统上发达的公共服务部门和强大的公民社会中,历来满足社区空间的提供。我们的实证材料包括17个半结构化访谈,以及作者对瑞典首都自2000年以来持续时间最长的深蹲的参与观察。我们关注的是这个“自由和自愿”社区的创建如何在寮屋居民的日常生活中带来知识和技能的“共性”;以及这些实践是如何发展、演变和维护的。我们的分析表明,虽然空间,其中的大多数物品,以及那里的货物供应是共同的;最深刻的“共性”是自然界的非物质。这种共同性集中在知识、技能、甚至情感和感受的无意分享、扩散和共同性上,这些都发生在空间中计划的和自主旋转的责任的混合中。
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引用次数: 3
Squatted and Self-Managed Social Centres in Mexico City: Four Case Studies from 1978-2020 墨西哥城的蹲式和自我管理社会中心:1978-2020年的四个案例研究
IF 0.8 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-11-15 DOI: 10.1285/I20356609V13I3P1269
Roberto González, D. Santiago, Marco Antonio Rodríguez
A number of remarkable examples of self-managed social centres can be found among squatting and autonomous social movements in Mexico; despite sharing some of the traits found in European squatting movements, they also reflect the specificities and characteristics of the Latin American context. This paper aims to describe and compare four of these case studies in Mexico City: Biblioteca Social Reconstruir (BSR, Rebuild Social Library), Escuela de Cultura Popular Martires del 68 (ECPM 68, Martyrs of 68 Popular Culture School), Okupa Che and Chanti Ollin. By examining these four examples in terms of the politics of self-management, it is possible to evaluate the achievements and limitations of this type of urban commons in Mexico from a critical success/failure perspective. Moreover, the different chronology of the four cases allows for an analysis of different stages in the relationship between urban social movements and broad grassroots movements in the country. The methodological approach includes committed ethnography, participant observation and in-depth interviews.
在墨西哥的蹲式和自主式社会运动中,可以找到一些自我管理的社会中心的显著例子;尽管它们具有欧洲深蹲运动的一些特点,但也反映了拉丁美洲环境的特殊性和特点。本文旨在描述和比较墨西哥城的四个案例研究:Biblioteca Social Reconstrucir(BSR,重建社会图书馆)、Escuela de Cultura Popular Martires del 68(ECPM 68,68大众文化学校的烈士)、Okupa Che和Chanti Ollin。通过从自我管理的政治角度审视这四个例子,可以从关键的成功/失败角度评估墨西哥这类城市公地的成就和局限性。此外,四个案例的不同年代可以分析该国城市社会运动和广泛基层运动之间关系的不同阶段。方法论方法包括致力于民族志、参与者观察和深入访谈。
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引用次数: 2
I Was Just Doing My Job! Evolution, Corruption, and Public Relations in Interviews with Government Whistleblowers 我只是在做我的工作!政府举报人访谈中的进化、腐败和公共关系
IF 0.8 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-07-17 DOI: 10.1285/I20356609V13I2P1042
Cary A. Greenwood
This paper addresses public sector communication by exploring the role of government whistleblowers. It argues for the need to reconnect voices by creating platforms from which whistleblowers can speak without fear of retribution for the betterment of society. The paper presents 13 in-depth interviews with whistleblowers who worked for governmental entities in the United States or who worked as contractors to U.S. government entities. The goal was to understand their stories, including why they blew the whistle, how they blew the whistle, how whistleblowing affected their relationships with their employers, what role public relations executives and practitioners played in their whistleblowing experience, and how public relations executives and practitioners could interact more productively with whistleblowers. Four of the five theories explained some of the dynamics of whistleblowing: Resource dependence perspective explained the role of upper management in relying on wrongdoing; normalization of corruption theory explained attempts to conscript new employees into corrupt practices; justice theory explained the sense of betrayal felt by employees who tried to correct wrongdoing; and relationship management further explained the negative impact of retaliation on the relationships between whistleblowers and their employers. However, evolutionary theory explained all aspects of whistleblowing in terms of Darwinian natural selection.
本文通过探讨政府举报人的角色来解决公共部门的沟通问题。它认为,为了改善社会,有必要通过创建平台来重新连接声音,让告密者可以在不担心报复的情况下发声。本文对13名在美国政府机构工作或担任美国政府机构承包商的举报人进行了深入访谈。目的是了解他们的故事,包括他们为什么举报,他们是如何举报的,举报如何影响他们与雇主的关系,公共关系主管和从业人员在他们的举报经历中扮演了什么角色,以及公共关系主管和从业人员如何与举报人进行更有效的互动。五种理论中有四种解释了一些告密的动态:资源依赖视角解释了高层管理人员依赖不法行为的作用;腐败正常化理论解释了试图将新员工纳入腐败行为;正义理论解释了试图纠正错误的员工所感受到的背叛感;关系管理进一步解释了报复对举报人与雇主关系的负面影响。然而,进化论用达尔文的自然选择理论解释了举报行为的各个方面。
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引用次数: 1
Institutional Flows of Communication for Young People on Instagram and the Use of Visual Images Instagram上年轻人交流的制度流动和视觉图像的使用
IF 0.8 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-07-17 DOI: 10.1285/I20356609V13I2P1085
Stefania Leone, M. Mura
Public communication in digital space is entering a phase of profound change due to the redefinition of the forms of production, dissemination and use of content in institutional networks. This article contributes to research carried out on public communication news flows of SNSs, presenting an analysis focusing on the visual content posted on institutional information channels dedicated to young people and managed by youth policy actors. The content of photos was analyzed in relation to 6 categories of public communication topics, 3 categories of communication aims, 6 categories of visual elements and 10 thematic areas. The empirical basis consists of 702 images taken from 15 accounts of Italian and European youth policy Instagram channels. The results show the main features of institutional flows on Instagram and a comparison with what has emerged from previous research projects relating to Facebook and Twitter. The findings focus on institutional topics and promotional aims and on the weaknesses of the flow of images in terms of social and political issues, engagement, public-service information, semantic autonomy and emotional impact. The limits that emerge from the research identify certain critical questions which indicate a need for further investigation with respect to relationships occurring between public news flows, young people, information requirements and social networks in the public sphere.
由于机构网络中内容的生产、传播和使用形式的重新定义,数字空间中的公共传播正进入一个深刻变化的阶段。本文有助于对社交网络的公共传播新闻流进行研究,重点分析了由青年政策行为者管理的、专门针对青年人的机构信息渠道上发布的视觉内容。从6类公共传播主题、3类传播目的、6类视觉元素和10个主题领域对照片内容进行了分析。实证基础包括702张图片,这些图片来自意大利和欧洲青年政策Instagram频道的15个账户。研究结果显示了Instagram上机构流动的主要特征,并与之前与Facebook和Twitter相关的研究项目进行了比较。研究结果侧重于机构主题和宣传目标,以及图像在社会和政治问题、参与度、公共服务信息、语义自主性和情感影响方面的弱点。研究得出的局限性确定了一些关键问题,这些问题表明需要对公共新闻流、年轻人、信息需求和公共领域社交网络之间的关系进行进一步调查。
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引用次数: 2
Values of Government Public Relations for a Rocky Road to Participatory Democracy: Testing Public Engagement, Empowerment, and Serenity Hypotheses in Public Sector Communication 通往参与式民主之路的政府公共关系价值:公共部门沟通中公众参与、授权和宁静假说的检验
IF 0.8 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-07-17 DOI: 10.1285/I20356609V13I2P1110
Myoung‐Gi Chon, Hyelim Lee, Jeong-Nam Kim
Voluntary citizen attention and actions are key to successful public-sector communication. We investigated the conditions which increase such attention and actions using the situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) and government-citizen relationships (GCRs). Using three national issues consisting of an environmental issue, a social issue, and a political issue from South Korea (N=275), this study examined three hypotheses regarding public engagement effect (the effect of GCRs on political conversations on national issues), government empowerment effect (the effects of GCRs and issue-specific trust toward government on constraint recognition), and public serenity effect (the effect of issue-specific trust on problem recognition and involvement recognition). We found significant public engagement and government empowerment effects and partially significant public serenity effect. The results of the public serenity investigation found that issue-specific trust toward government was significant with problem recognition but insignificant with involvement recognition. Consequently, the findings illustrate strategic values in government-citizen relationships on public engagement, empowerment, and serenity to enable participatory democracy.
公民自愿的关注和行动是公共部门沟通成功的关键。我们利用问题解决情境理论(STOPS)和政府-公民关系(GCRs)研究了增加这种关注和行动的条件。本研究利用韩国的环境问题、社会问题和政治问题这三个国家问题(N=275),检验了关于公众参与效应(gcr对国家问题政治对话的影响)、政府赋权效应(gcr和特定问题对政府信任对约束认识的影响)、公众宁静效应(特定议题信任对问题识别和涉入识别的影响)。我们发现了显著的公众参与和政府赋权效应,以及部分显著的公众宁静效应。公众宁静度调查结果发现,特定议题对政府的信任对问题认知显著,对参与认知不显著。因此,研究结果说明了政府-公民关系在公众参与、赋权和宁静方面的战略价值,以实现参与式民主。
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引用次数: 3
Davide Arcidiacono and Mike Duggan (2019), Sharing Mobilities. Questioning Our Right to the City in the Collaborative Economy, London-New York: Routledge. Davide Arcidiacono和Mike Duggan(2019),共享移动。《在合作经济中质疑我们对城市的权利》,伦敦-纽约:劳特利奇出版社。
IF 0.8 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-07-17 DOI: 10.1285/I20356609V13I2P1232
M. Bernardi
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引用次数: 1
Framing Events of Political Violence within Peace Journalism and Internet User-Generated Comments: Effects on Readers' Emotions and Contemplation of Broader Implications 构建和平新闻中的政治暴力事件与网民评论:对读者情感的影响及对更广泛意义的思考
IF 0.8 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-07-17 DOI: 10.1285/I20356609V13I2P1022
Marta Natalia Lukacovic
Emotion is theorized as profoundly related to ethics and moral decision-making, which makes it relevant for communication towards peace efforts. This experimental study examined the effects of conflict-sensitive framing in news stories and online user-generated comments (a form of UGC – user-generated content) that reflected on the events of political violence such as terrorism, as well as civil and international wars. The results showed an association of conflict-sensitive journalism (peace journalism) and negative emotions; decreasing hope and increasing anger and fear. However, the conflict-sensitive UGC showed some positive emotional effects. Empirical results provide an important context and useful evidence to enrich the normative discussions regarding peace journalism. Furthermore, this study is on the frontline of exploring conflict sensitivity in the environment of digital media and UGC. Such research is vital in specifying the potentials and limitations of conflict-sensitive communication in peacemaking and peacebuilding efforts.
情感被理论化为与伦理和道德决策密切相关,这使得它与和平努力的沟通相关。这项实验研究考察了新闻故事和在线用户生成评论(UGC的一种形式——用户生成的内容)中冲突敏感框架的影响,这些评论反映了恐怖主义等政治暴力事件以及内战和国际战争。结果显示,冲突敏感新闻(和平新闻)与负面情绪之间存在关联;希望减少,愤怒和恐惧增加。然而,对冲突敏感的UGC表现出了一些积极的情绪影响。实证结果为丰富关于和平新闻的规范性讨论提供了重要的背景和有用的证据。此外,本研究处于探索数字媒体和教资会环境中冲突敏感性的前沿。这种研究对于具体说明对冲突敏感的沟通在建立和平和建设和平努力中的潜力和局限性至关重要。
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引用次数: 1
U.S Audiences' Perceptions of Covid-19 and Conservative News Frames 美国观众对新冠肺炎的认知与保守派新闻框架
IF 0.8 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2020-07-17 DOI: 10.1285/I20356609V13I2P1180
T. Chock, Se Jung Kim
During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, U.S. conservative news downplayed the threat of the virus. Perceived risks of COVID-19 are an important factor in influencing citizens' willingness to comply with risk prevention measures. An online survey (N=269) of U.S. residents was conducted March 30 - April 1, 2020. We found that those who used partisan conservative news sources as their primary source of information about the virus were significantly less likely to view it as a threat, compared to those who cited Far Left, Center Left, and Center Right news sources. Politically conservative Far Right news audiences reported significantly lower estimates of their own COVID-19 risk, as well as that of their age group peers, the average person in the U.S., and the average senior citizen in the U.S.
在COVID-19大流行的早期阶段,美国保守派新闻淡化了该病毒的威胁。感知新冠肺炎风险是影响公民遵守风险防范措施意愿的重要因素。2020年3月30日至4月1日,对269名美国居民进行了在线调查。我们发现,与那些引用极左翼、中左翼和中右翼新闻来源的人相比,那些使用党派保守派新闻来源作为有关病毒信息的主要来源的人,将其视为威胁的可能性要小得多。政治上保守的极右翼新闻受众对自己、同龄群体、美国普通人和美国普通老年人的COVID-19风险的估计要低得多
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引用次数: 7
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Partecipazione e Conflitto
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