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Social Differentiation and Household Dynamics Associated with Early Season Shea Nut Collection and Trading in Burkina Faso 布基纳法索与早季乳木果采集和贸易有关的社会分化和家庭动态
IF 0.7 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2023.2289922
François Questiaux
Originally a domestic product used by West African rural population, shea nut has become an international commodity exported all over the world. However, local periodic markets remain a central sit...
乳木果最初是西非农村人口使用的国内产品,现在已成为出口到世界各地的国际商品。然而,当地的定期市场仍然是乳木果出口的中心。
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引用次数: 0
Contested Spaces of Exchange: Informal Cross-Border Trade on the India–Bangladesh Border 有争议的交换空间:印度-孟加拉国边境的非正式跨境贸易
IF 0.7 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2023.2255211
Alison Brown, Bhaskar Chakrabarti, Peter Mackie, Crispian Fuller, Rajesh Bhattacharya, Soumyabrato Bagchi, Debapriya Chakrabarti
The India–Bangladesh border is the world’s fifth longest land border, a focus of political tension in an area with vibrant informal economies. Cross-border communities share culture and language an...
印度和孟加拉国的边界是世界上第五长的陆地边界,在这个有着活跃的非正式经济的地区,这是政治紧张的焦点。跨境社区共享文化、语言和……
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引用次数: 0
Can ‘Tanzania Ladies First’ be a Trigger for Female Athletes to Continue in Sport? “坦桑尼亚女士优先”能成为女运动员继续运动的导火索吗?
Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2023.2269949
Mitsuaki Furukawa
AbstractIn Tanzania, the gender gap in sports participation remains largely due to socio-cultural and economic influences, partly due to the transition to a market economy and the Ujamaa policy. One of the reasons for lower participation of women compared with men is that many girls give up continuing with sport after primary school. In this situation, the Tanzania Ladies First (LF), a national sports competition exclusively for women, has been held since 2017. In this paper, a questionnaire survey and random interviews were conducted with selected and non-selected athletes for Tanzanian LF, and their parents to examine the role of the LF in the continuation of elite female athletes’ sport by using a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative analysis. This paper found that participation in LF boosts subsequent continuation in sport. On the other hand, in the context of the transition to a market economy, this paper shows that LF may have fixed social and economic structures that allow only a few elite women athletes to continue in sport, rather than expanding women's participation in sport, which runs counter to the spirit of LF. This paper suggests that in the context of a market economy, it will be necessary to promote national awareness of LF to a wider audience and media to make LF more attractive to women and private companies. This paper also recommends the introduction of life skills training through sport for female students to encourage them to continue with sport after leaving school.Keywords: womensportathleticsTanzaniasub-Saharan Africa AcknowledgementsThis paper has been prepared as part of a JICA Ogata Research Institute project entitled ‘Study on Peace and Development through Sport’. The author is grateful to the staff of the JICA Ogata Research Institute and JICA Tanzania. The views and interpretations expressed in this paper and any errors are my own and not necessarily those of JICA.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Tanzania is subdivided into 31 regions (as of 2016).2 The declaration is available at https://www.icsspe.org/sites/default/files/Brighton%20Declaration.pdf.3 Regarding IWGWS, please see http://www.iwg-gti.org4 https://www.findeasy.in/population-of-tanzania/ Access in Feb. 5, 2023Additional informationNotes on contributorsMitsuaki FurukawaMitsuaki Furukawa is a professor of International Relations at the University of Shizuoka, Japan. His research explores peacebuilding, post-war development, sports for development and peace, and SDGs.
在坦桑尼亚,体育参与方面的性别差距主要是由于社会文化和经济的影响,部分原因是由于向市场经济的过渡和乌干达政策。与男性相比,女性参与体育运动的比例较低的原因之一是,许多女孩在小学毕业后放弃了继续从事体育运动。在这种情况下,自2017年以来举行了坦桑尼亚妇女优先(LF),这是一项专门为妇女举办的全国性体育比赛。本文采用问卷调查和随机访谈的方法,对入选和未入选的坦桑尼亚女运动员及其父母进行问卷调查,采用定量和定性相结合的分析方法,考察了优秀女运动员的LF在继续运动中的作用。本研究发现,参与LF可以促进后续运动的延续。另一方面,在向市场经济转型的背景下,本文表明,LF可能有固定的社会和经济结构,只允许少数优秀的女运动员继续从事体育运动,而不是扩大女性参与体育运动,这与LF的精神背道而驰。本文认为,在市场经济的背景下,有必要向更广泛的受众和媒体推广全民LF意识,使LF对女性和私营公司更具吸引力。本文还建议在女学生中引入体育生活技能培训,鼓励她们在离开学校后继续从事体育运动。本文是作为JICA Ogata研究所题为“通过体育进行和平与发展研究”的项目的一部分编写的。作者对日本国际协力事业团绪方研究所和坦桑尼亚日本国际协力事业团的工作人员表示感谢。本文中表达的观点和解释以及任何错误都是我个人的观点和解释,不一定是JICA的观点和解释。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1坦桑尼亚被细分为31个地区(截至2016年)关于IWGWS,请参阅http://www.iwg-gti.org4 https://www.findeasy.in/population-of-tanzania/,访问时间为2023年2月5日。其他信息:作者简介古川光明是日本静冈大学国际关系学教授。他的研究领域包括建设和平、战后发展、体育促进发展与和平以及可持续发展目标。
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引用次数: 0
Relational, Ableist and Gendered Sites of Violence: Perspectives of Tanzanian Girls With Disabilities on Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services 关系、能力主义和性别暴力场所:坦桑尼亚残疾女孩获得性健康和生殖健康服务的观点
Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2023.2264857
Virpi Mesiäislehto
Adolescent girls’ access to sexual and reproductive health services is a critical development issue in Tanzania where the intersection of disability and adolescence is compounded by barriers to sexual and reproductive health service access and socially normalised gender-based violence. Using the method of empathy-based stories, I explored the perceptions of 136 Tanzanian adolescent girls with disabilities of how gender-based violence and access to sexual and reproductive health services are intertwined. The findings demonstrate that the intersection of disability and adolescence within sexual and reproductive health services render invisible various forms of violence, which are not only gendered but also ableist. Recognising access to sexual and reproductive health services as a distinct site of violence and addressing the issue in relevant policies and programmes could strengthen the sexual and reproductive health of girls with disabilities. Through an Afrocentric perspective, the findings contribute to the current theoretical constructs used to study disability and development. They call for a reconsideration of relational dynamics in the context of accessible and protected sexual and reproductive health services.
在坦桑尼亚,少女获得性健康和生殖健康服务是一个关键的发展问题,因为在获得性健康和生殖健康服务方面存在障碍,基于性别的暴力在社会上正常化,使残疾和青春期的交叉点更加复杂。使用基于移情的故事方法,我探索了136名坦桑尼亚残疾少女对基于性别的暴力与获得性健康和生殖健康服务如何交织在一起的看法。调查结果表明,性健康和生殖健康服务中残疾和青少年的交集使各种形式的暴力不可见,这些暴力不仅是性别暴力,而且是残疾暴力。认识到获得性健康和生殖健康服务是一个独特的暴力场所,并在相关政策和方案中处理这一问题,可加强残疾女孩的性健康和生殖健康。通过以非洲为中心的视角,这些发现有助于目前用于研究残疾和发展的理论结构。他们呼吁在可获得和受保护的性健康和生殖健康服务的背景下重新考虑关系动态。
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引用次数: 0
Does Colonial Institutional Legacy Fully Explain Why Nations Fail? Theoretical and Empirical Confrontations Using the Case of Haiti 殖民制度遗产能完全解释国家失败的原因吗?以海地为例的理论与实证对抗
Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2023.2255217
Bénédique Paul, Daniil Storchevoi
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引用次数: 0
The Analysis of Fraudulent Financial Statements Prevention Using Hexagon’s Fraud and Government Internal Auditor as Moderating Variable in Local Government in Indonesia 以Hexagon欺诈和政府内部审计师为中介变量的印尼地方政府财务报表欺诈防范分析
IF 0.7 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2023.2232365
Fitria Magdalena Suprapto, Dian Agustia
Abstract This study aims to examine the six components of hexagon fraud which include: financial pressure, change of leadership, whistleblowing system, auditor opinion, education of head government and procurement system to fraudulent financial statements that occur in local government in Indonesia. In addition, this study also places the APIP (Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus) as a moderating variable. This study uses data from 1,419 financial statements in local government in Indonesia during the 2018–2020 period. The sampling technique is purposive sampling with the judgment sampling method. The research hypothesis was tested using Ordinary Least Squares regression. The results of the study show that only financial pressure and auditor opinion have a significant effect on fraudulent financial statements in local governments in Indonesia. In addition, evidence was found that APIP moderated the relationship between financial pressure and auditor opinion with fraudulent financial statements. This shows that APIP plays a role in mitigating fraudulent financial statements. This research is the first to test the hexagon theory to the financial statements environment in local government in Indonesia which contributes to integrating the role of APIP as a form of preventing financial statement fraud.
摘要本研究旨在考察六角欺诈的六个组成部分,包括:财务压力、领导层变动、举报制度、审计意见、政府首脑教育和采购制度对印尼地方政府财务报表欺诈的影响。此外,本研究还将APIP(政府内部监督机构)作为调节变量。本研究使用了印度尼西亚地方政府2018-2020年期间1419份财务报表的数据。抽样技术是有目的的抽样和判断抽样方法。使用普通最小二乘回归对研究假设进行了检验。研究结果表明,只有财务压力和审计意见对印尼地方政府的欺诈性财务报表有显著影响。此外,有证据表明,APIP通过欺诈性财务报表调节了财务压力和审计意见之间的关系。这表明APIP在减少财务报表欺诈方面发挥了作用。本研究首次将六边形理论应用于印度尼西亚地方政府的财务报表环境,这有助于整合APIP作为一种防止财务报表欺诈的形式的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Towards Decent Employment or a Destitute Livelihood? The Dynamics of the Agrarian Question of Labor in Ethiopia 走向体面就业还是贫困生计?埃塞俄比亚土地劳动问题的动态
IF 0.7 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2023.2230213
Yonas Tesema
ABSTRACT This paper examines the demand for industrial labor among dispossessed peasants and how the non-absorption of peasants’ labor into industrial production intertwined in and around the Bole Lemi industrial park (BLIP) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The scores of peasants who were dispossessed to enable the establishment of BLIP were promised to get compensatory jobs. The park's expansion ensures capital accumulation for the companies but produces a ‘pile of pain’ for the dispossessed peasants. Drawing on fieldwork in Addis Ababa, this article illustrates that the promised transformation of dispossessed peasants’ lives from farm to factory and rural to urban lifestyle did not happen. This is due to companies’ ignorance of dispossessed peasants’ labor because they are illiterate, ‘unskilled’ and beyond the productive capitalist age as well as companies’ preference for employing young women. While rural women migrate to the city for industrial labor, on the contrary, the dispossessed peasants living in Addis Ababa are seasonally ‘returning to the farm’ as daily laborers in rural areas known for their labor shortages. The peasants become surplus to industrial production due to capitalists’ 2 preference for employing young women of ‘productive age’ (roughly between 15-30). As a result, a new precarious peasant class of ‘three nos’ – no land, no work, and no hope – is emerging. The aspiration, hope and expectation of modernity – city lifestyle, proletarianization and improvement in livelihoods turned into the reality of under/unemployment and migration.
摘要本文考察了埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴博勒莱米工业园区(BLIP)及其周边地区被剥夺土地的农民对产业劳动力的需求,以及不吸收农民劳动力进入工业生产的原因。为建立BLIP而被剥夺土地的数十名农民被承诺获得补偿性工作。园区的扩张确保了公司的资本积累,但却给被剥夺土地的农民带来了“一堆痛苦”。根据在亚的斯亚贝巴的田野调查,这篇文章说明,被剥夺土地的农民从农场到工厂、从农村到城市生活方式的承诺转变并没有发生。这是由于公司对被剥夺土地的农民的劳动力的无知,因为他们是文盲,“不熟练”,超过了生产资本主义时代,以及公司倾向于雇用年轻女性。当农村妇女迁移到城市从事工业劳动时,相反,生活在亚的斯亚贝巴的被剥夺土地的农民季节性地“回到农场”,在以劳动力短缺而闻名的农村地区做日工。由于资本家偏爱雇用“生产年龄”(大约在15-30岁之间)的年轻女性,农民成为工业生产的剩余。结果,一个新的不稳定的农民阶级“三不”——没有土地,没有工作,没有希望——正在出现。现代性——城市生活方式、无产阶级化和生计改善——的渴望、希望和期待,变成了失业和移民的现实。
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引用次数: 0
Exploiting International Development Ideals. The Rwandan Government’s Approach to Local Participation in Light of its Exercise of National Ownership 弘扬国际发展理念。卢旺达政府根据其行使国家所有权对地方参与的做法
IF 0.7 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2023.2230203
Malin Hasselskog
Abstract While the Rwandan government is acknowledged for assuming national ownership and eloquently commits to local participation, its participation practices are severely criticised and its governance deemed authoritarian. This points to a tension between two long-lasting ideals in international development cooperation and this article argues that – despite their shared aim of increased recipient agency, initiative, and influence – the interrelation between national ownership and local participation needs to be investigated. Rwanda, also known to prudently navigate opportunities and requirements of the aid sector, provides a critical case for such an investigation and the article asks how the Rwandan government’s approach to local participation relates to its exercise of national ownership. Based on previous own and others’ research along with extensive government and donor documentation, the analyses point to interlinkages in the government’s employment of the two ideals, and to the interrelation between national ownership and local participation inevitably depending on the recipient state and its population.
摘要尽管卢旺达政府以承担国家所有权而闻名,并雄辩地承诺地方参与,但其参与做法受到严厉批评,其治理被视为独裁。这表明了国际发展合作中两个长期理想之间的紧张关系,本文认为,尽管它们的共同目标是增加受援国的机构、主动性和影响力,但需要调查国家所有权和地方参与之间的相互关系。众所周知,卢旺达也谨慎地把握援助部门的机会和要求,这为此类调查提供了一个关键案例,文章询问卢旺达政府的地方参与方式与行使国家所有权之间的关系。基于之前自己和其他人的研究,以及广泛的政府和捐助者文件,分析指出了政府在使用这两种理想方面的相互联系,以及国家所有权和地方参与之间的相互关系,这不可避免地取决于受援国及其人口。
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引用次数: 0
Implementing a Public Policy to Extend Social Security to Informal Economy Workers in Zambia 赞比亚实施公共政策,将社会保障扩大到非正规经济工人
IF 0.7 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2023.2209583
J. Miti, M. Perkiö, Anna Metteri, S. Atkins
Abstract This article analyses the strengths and bottlenecks of institutional capacity between social security institutions implementing the reform in Zambia, which focuses to provide social security to small-scale dairy farmers, a group of informal economy workers. Zambia’s informal economy workers absorb over 80 per cent of the labour force. This is a qualitative study of institutional capacity in the extension of social security. Twenty-one interviews were conducted with participants from Farmers’ Cooperatives (MCC), National Pension Scheme Authority (NAPSA), and Dairy Association of Zambia (DAZ). We selected participants through a purposive sampling technique. We reflected on data using a Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) built on thematic analysis. Analysis suggests that the institutions of the partnership are committed towards extending social security to informal economy workers. There was low involvement of local NAPSA officers in the project design and their role during implementation of the pension extension was unclear. This contributed to a lack of trust by some non-NAPSA members towards social security institutions. Knowledge and beliefs about the capabilities of implementers were essential in the activities for implementing the public policy on the extension of social security. However, there are several implementation lacunas concerning the process, its overarching infrastructure, and adequate human resources. There is a critical need to address gaps in process and procedures, equipment and materials, infrastructure, human resource, trust, and knowledge of context for the extension of social security to informal economy workers in Zambia. This could make the new public policy scheme more attainable.
摘要本文分析了赞比亚实施改革的社会保障机构之间的制度能力优势和瓶颈,该改革的重点是为小规模奶农(一类非正规经济工人)提供社会保障。赞比亚的非正规经济工人吸收了80%以上的劳动力。这是对扩大社会保障的体制能力的定性研究。对来自农民合作社(MCC)、国家养老金计划管理局(NAPSA)和赞比亚乳制品协会(DAZ)的参与者进行了21次采访。我们通过有目的的抽样技术选择参与者。我们使用基于主题分析的实施研究综合框架(CFIR)对数据进行了反思。分析表明,伙伴关系机构致力于将社会保障扩大到非正规经济工人。当地国家适应行动方案官员参与项目设计的程度较低,他们在养老金延期实施过程中的作用也不明确。这导致一些非国家适应行动方案成员对社会保障机构缺乏信任。关于执行者能力的知识和信念对于执行关于扩大社会保障的公共政策的活动至关重要。然而,在这一进程、其总体基础设施和充足的人力资源方面存在一些执行空白。迫切需要解决在将社会保障扩大到赞比亚非正规经济工人的过程和程序、设备和材料、基础设施、人力资源、信任和背景知识方面的差距。这可以使新的公共政策计划更容易实现。
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引用次数: 1
The hare and the tortoise: A comparative study of Vietnam's and Kenya's pathways to local enterprise development through foreign direct investment 兔子和乌龟:越南和肯尼亚通过外国直接投资发展当地企业的途径比较研究
IF 0.7 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2023.2209565
Celina Schmidt-Petersen, Nanna Dalby Sundenæs, M. W. Hansen
ABSTRACT Almost simultaneously, two developing countries – Kenya and Vietnam – set out to promote industrial development through FDI. Vietnam embarked on a targeted strategy aimed at selecting FDI that could specifically aid the country’s strategic export sectors through linkages to local industry. In contrast, Kenya embarked on a cross-the-board FDI attraction policy with no specific sector orientation and with few specific linkage policies. This paper asks how FDI has contributed to local industry development in the two countries. Based on an analysis of firm level data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey, the paper compares the two countries’ ability to generate spillovers from FDI spillovers and discusses what explains differences and similarities. The paper finds that in spite of the obvious differences between the two countries in terms of local industrial development and policy, firm and industry factors appeared to be better predictors of variations in spillovers than country level factors. Among the policy implications drawn are that developing countries should focus their FDI policies on firms and industries that have high linkage and hence spillover potential rather than adopting cross-the-board policies.
摘要几乎同时,肯尼亚和越南这两个发展中国家开始通过外国直接投资促进工业发展。越南开始了一项有针对性的战略,旨在选择可以通过与当地工业的联系专门帮助该国战略出口部门的外国直接投资。相比之下,肯尼亚开始了一项全面的外国直接投资吸引政策,没有具体的部门导向,也没有具体的联系政策。本文探讨了外国直接投资对两国地方产业发展的贡献。基于对世界银行企业调查公司层面数据的分析,本文比较了两国从外国直接投资溢出中产生溢出效应的能力,并讨论了差异和相似之处的解释。研究发现,尽管两国在地方产业发展和政策方面存在明显差异,但企业和行业因素似乎比国家层面的因素更能预测溢出效应的变化。所产生的政策影响包括,发展中国家应将其外国直接投资政策重点放在具有高度联系从而具有溢出潜力的公司和行业,而不是采取全面政策。
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引用次数: 0
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