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Assessing Institutional Capacity of Business Associations in Tanzania 评估坦桑尼亚商业协会的机构能力
IF 0.7 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2023.2193954
Goodluck Charles
ABSTRACT This article explores the institutional characteristics and capacity of the BAs to effectively perform the representative and service delivery functions for their members. Based on a qualitative study of BAs in Tanzania, it is evident that they were inclined to deliver the influence function and compromised the service function. The main institutional capacity gaps found in BAs were inadequate governance and accountability, inadequate management and staff, weak membership base, lack of membership and communication strategy, and inadequate office facilities and information technology platforms. Although they had partnerships and networks with the government, development partners and other associations, their sustainability was not guaranteed mainly because of overdependence on donor funding and insufficient membership subscriptions. The article advances the collective action theory and corporatism view by proposing a strategic bundling approach that advocates integrating the service, influence and strategy logics to enhance sustainability of BAs.
摘要本文探讨了银行联盟的制度特征和有效履行其成员代表和服务职能的能力。根据对坦桑尼亚BAs的定性研究,它们明显倾向于提供影响功能而损害服务功能。BAs发现的主要机构能力差距是治理和问责不足、管理和人员不足、成员基础薄弱、缺乏成员和沟通战略、办公设施和信息技术平台不足。虽然它们与政府、发展伙伴和其他协会建立了伙伴关系和网络,但它们的可持续性无法得到保证,主要原因是它们过度依赖捐助资金,而会费不足。本文运用集体行动理论和社团主义观点,提出了整合服务、影响力和战略逻辑的战略捆绑方法,以提高BAs的可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
A comparative analysis of two cash transfer programmes on how they influence the citizenship rights of beneficiaries. 对两个现金转移支付方案如何影响受益者的公民权利进行比较分析。
IF 0.7 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2023.2177563
Robertson Neequaye Kotey
Abstract In Ghana, barriers faced by people living in poverty exceed their ability to meet their daily needs. An effective way of addressing these barriers can be achieved by improving the uptake of citizenship rights among them. This article aims to determine whether cash transfer programmes promote the taking up of citizenship rights among beneficiaries. The article also examines the impact of conditions on the uptake of citizenship rights by the beneficiaries of cash transfer programme. Data collected from the field were used for this study. The results highlight how cash transfer programmes promote uptake of citizenship rights among beneficiaries. The research also shows that conditionality promotes the taking up of human capital development activities. These results make known that monitoring and enforcement of conditions have a higher effect on the promotion of uptake of citizenship rights among beneficiaries than non-enforcement.
在加纳,生活在贫困中的人们所面临的障碍超过了他们满足日常需求的能力。解决这些障碍的有效办法是提高他们对公民权的接受程度。本文旨在确定现金转移方案是否促进了受益人对公民权利的接受。本文还考察了条件对现金转移方案受益者获得公民权利的影响。从野外收集的数据用于本研究。研究结果突出了现金转移支付方案如何促进受益者接受公民权利。研究还表明,条件性促进了人力资本开发活动的开展。这些结果表明,监测和执行条件比不执行条件对促进受益人接受公民权利的作用更大。
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引用次数: 0
Utilization of Social Capital in Managing Family Planning Village Programs in Rural Communities in Indonesia 印度尼西亚农村社区计划生育村项目管理中的社会资本利用
IF 0.7 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2023.2178501
Klaudia Evinta Siregar, Badaruddin, L. A. Lubis, Humaizi
Abstract This article aims to analyze the existing social capital in the community and elaborate on it through community empowerment to manage the family planning village. Communities in rural areas have a variety of potential social capital that can be utilized in implementing the KB village program. Utilization of social capital such as bonding, bridging and linking becomes effective through values, norms, culture, social organizations that exist in society local. The approach used in this study is a mixed-method. The mixed research method used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative approaches. This research was conducted in 3 sub-districts in 3 villages in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, where the purposively selected villages are villages that run the Family Planning Village Program. The ethnicity of the people in these three villages has different characteristics. The people of Marunjuk Tongah Village are dominated by the Batak Karo ethnic group and the Protestant Christian religion. Islam and Javanese ethnicity dominate Tanjung Rejo Village and Kramat Gajah Village. Sociologically, the social ties of the people in this village come from ethnic and religious similarities, similar places, and blood similarities. Social bridging aspects can be seen in the culture of mutual assistance and community involvement in village activities. Social linking can be seen in establishing cooperative relationships and continuity between the community and formal and non-formal government institutions. The potential for social capital developed by the Family Planning Village administrators is the harmonization of village communities. Rural communities can improve the Family Planning Village program and village development implementation. The use of social capital has been well implemented in managing the Family Planning Village program through community empowerment activities. Understanding the potential of community social capital is an important first step in carrying out community empowerment and physical or social development in society.
摘要本文旨在分析社区现有的社会资本,并通过社区赋权对计划生育村进行管理。农村地区的社区拥有各种潜在的社会资本,可用于实施KB村计划。社会资本的利用,如纽带、桥梁和联系,是通过社会本地存在的价值观、规范、文化、社会组织来实现的。本研究使用的方法是混合方法。使用的混合研究方法是描述性定性和定量方法。本研究在北苏门答腊省Deli Serdang县的3个村庄的3个街道进行,其中有意选择的村庄是实施计划生育村项目的村庄。这三个村庄的民族各有特点。Marunjuk Tongah村的人主要是Batak Karo民族和新教基督教。伊斯兰教和爪哇族主要是Tanjung Rejo村和Kramat Gajah村。在社会学上,这个村子里的人们的社会联系来自种族和宗教的相似性,相似的地方,和血统的相似性。社会桥梁方面可以从互助文化和社区参与村庄活动中看到。在社区与正式和非正式政府机构之间建立合作关系和连续性可以看出社会联系。计划生育村管理者所开发的社会资本的潜力是村社区的和谐。农村社区可以完善计划生育村规划和村庄发展实施。通过社区赋权活动,很好地利用了社会资本来管理计划生育村项目。了解社区社会资本的潜力是在社会中实施社区赋权和物质或社会发展的重要第一步。
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引用次数: 0
Decoloniality and Critical Interculturality in Higher Education: Experiences and Challenges in Ecuadorian Amazonia 高等教育中的非殖民化与批判性跨文化性:厄瓜多尔亚马逊地区的经验与挑战
IF 0.7 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2023.2177562
Ruth Arias-Gutiérrez, P. Minoia
Abstract The struggles for decolonisation involve problems of coloniality of knowledge that persist in postcolonial states and shape their national educational programmes. In Ecuador, the request to decolonise education has been part of the agenda of Indigenous organisations for decades, and has successfully led to the formulation of programmes of intercultural bilingual education. In its radical acception, intercultural education theoretically aims to represent and revitalise knowledges and languages that have been for long under processes of invisibility and erasure. Moreover, the offer of culturally pertinent education would shorten the epistemic distance that plays a role in the access and retention of Indigenous students, especially in higher education. In line with these principles, this study analyses the situation of higher education programmes in the Amazonia region, with a focus on the Universidad Estatal Amazonica (UEA), who claims to integrate ancestral knowledges in its study programmes. The research aims to see how the study contents and pedagogical approaches respect the pluriversal worlds of the Amazonian region. Using official reports, observations and interviews, the study reveals, on the one hand, a persistence of approaches that deny the validity of intercultural education, and on the other hand, a growing presence of decolonial spaces claimed by the students as a reaction to the coloniality of knowledge within the UEA.
非殖民化斗争涉及知识的殖民化问题,这些问题在后殖民国家中持续存在,并影响了他们的国家教育计划。在厄瓜多尔,几十年来,非殖民化教育的要求一直是土著组织议程的一部分,并已成功地导致制定跨文化双语教育方案。从激进的角度来看,跨文化教育在理论上旨在再现和振兴长期处于隐形和抹去过程中的知识和语言。此外,提供与文化有关的教育将缩短在获得和留住土著学生,特别是在高等教育中发挥作用的认识距离。根据这些原则,本研究分析了亚马逊地区高等教育方案的情况,重点是亚马逊州立大学(UEA),该大学声称将祖先知识纳入其学习方案。该研究旨在了解研究内容和教学方法如何尊重亚马逊地区的多元世界。通过官方报告、观察和访谈,该研究一方面揭示了否认跨文化教育有效性的方法的持续存在,另一方面,学生声称作为对东英吉利大学知识殖民性的反应,非殖民空间的存在越来越多。
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引用次数: 1
Is no One Left Behind? Inclusive Citizenship in Practices of Self-help Groups in Rural Tanzania 没有人掉队吗?坦桑尼亚农村自助团体实践中的包容性公民身份
IF 0.7 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2023.2176784
B. Matunga, Tiina Kontinen
Abstract The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are based on the Agenda 2030 according to which ‘no one is left behind’, highlighting the need for inclusive citizenship at all levels. This article examines self-help groups in rural Tanzania as potential arenas for inclusive citizenship, which is defined as bottom-up practices of membership, participation, and livelihood enhancement. However, inclusive citizenship is also characterised by exclusions. Therefore, while acknowledging the important contribution of self-help groups for development, this article scrutinises the question of patterns of exclusion, first, in practices of self-help groups, and second, in the relationships between self-help groups and their wider environments. Based on participant observation, individual interviews, and focus groups discussions in three villages in Mpwapwa District in Tanzania, we found exclusions in the process of establishing groups, while participating in the groups, and in relation to the community and the wider socio-economic system. The findings show how less privileged members of a community are easily excluded from the groups based on criteria related to wealth and perceived trustworthiness, and how the improvements in livelihoods, capacities, and collective action remain local, and do not expand to engagement in wider decision-making nor to addressing the root causes of poverty.
联合国可持续发展目标(SDGs)以“不让任何人掉队”的2030年议程为基础,强调各级包容公民的必要性。本文考察了坦桑尼亚农村的自助团体作为包容性公民的潜在场所,这被定义为自下而上的成员、参与和改善生计的实践。然而,包容性公民身份也以排斥为特征。因此,在承认自助团体对发展的重要贡献的同时,本文首先在自助团体的实践中,其次在自助团体与其更广泛的环境之间的关系中,仔细研究了排斥模式的问题。根据在坦桑尼亚姆瓦普瓦区的三个村庄进行的参与者观察、个人访谈和焦点小组讨论,我们发现,在建立群体的过程中,在参与群体的过程中,以及在与社区和更广泛的社会经济系统的关系中,都存在排斥现象。调查结果显示,一个社区的弱势成员如何容易根据与财富和感知可信度相关的标准被排除在群体之外,以及生计、能力和集体行动的改善如何仅局限于当地,而没有扩大到参与更广泛的决策,也没有解决贫困的根本原因。
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引用次数: 1
In the Making and Unmaking of Statehood. An Exploration of how the State and Petroleum Corporations Negotiate over the Generation of Socio-economic Development in Tanzania 国家地位的形成与瓦解。探索坦桑尼亚国家和石油公司如何就产生社会经济发展进行谈判
IF 0.7 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2022.2162435
Eva Nilsson
Abstract This article explores how the state and transnational oil and gas corporations negotiate over socio-economic development in Tanzania. It focuses on how public–private and local–global boundaries are in constant reconfiguration between the actors. The article responds to two shortcomings in previous literature on corporate social responsibility, governments and development. First, state agency and power in the global South have been overlooked when the prevailing focus of research has been on community–business relations. Secondly, when states have been addressed, they have commonly been understood either as deviations from a Weberian, ‘modern’ state or as allied with corporate interests. This article departs from these approaches and analyses state–business relations through a focus on discourses and practices that make and unmake statehood. Building on the ‘negotiating statehood’ framework, the analysis focuses on the actors, repertoires, resources and modes of governance in the negotiation over development. The analysis shows how corporate-driven development becomes deeply entangled in the making of statehood, even if the corporate approach revolves around unmaking and improving statehood.
本文探讨了坦桑尼亚国家和跨国石油和天然气公司如何就社会经济发展进行谈判。它关注的是公共-私人和局部-全球边界如何在参与者之间不断重新配置。本文弥补了以往文献中关于企业社会责任、政府与发展的两个不足。首先,当研究的主要焦点是社区-商业关系时,国家机构和权力在全球南方国家被忽视了。其次,当谈到国家时,它们通常被理解为偏离韦伯的“现代”国家或与企业利益结盟。本文从这些方法出发,通过关注建立和破坏国家地位的话语和实践来分析国家与企业的关系。在“谈判国家”框架的基础上,分析侧重于发展谈判中的行动者、手段、资源和治理模式。分析表明,企业驱动的发展如何与国家地位的形成深深纠缠在一起,即使企业的方法围绕着破坏和改善国家地位展开。
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引用次数: 1
Introduction to Special Issue: Development, Learning and Education. Post-pandemic Considerations? (NorDev21) 特刊导言:发展、学习与教育。流行后注意事项?(NorDev21)
IF 0.7 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2023.2177564
Tiina Kontinen, Ilona Steiler
Abstract This Introduction to special issue provides a context for the Nordic Development Research Conference 2021 (NorDev21). It introduces the contents of the conference and contributions within the issue revolved around two main themes of (1) Learning, education, Covid-19 pandemic and decolonizing and (2) State, Democracy, and Citizenship.
摘要特刊简介为2021年北欧发展研究会议(NorDev21)提供了背景。它介绍了会议的内容,并围绕两个主要主题在该问题上做出了贡献:(1)学习、教育、新冠肺炎大流行和非殖民化;(2)国家、民主和公民身份。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond Mainstream Development: The Moral Economy Alternative 超越主流发展:道德经济的选择
IF 0.7 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-12-04 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2022.2145991
Luke A. Amadi
Abstract Calls for moral economy abound as evidence accumulates of growing social, ecological and racialized failings of mainstream development conceived as a Westerncentric/Eurocentric construct largely driven by the notion of ‘economic growth’ as basis of development. There is now a considerable and diverse literature on contradictions of the mainstream development, including questions of inequality, climate change vulnerability, white racism, modern slavery, child labor, terrorism, new nationalism, decline of multilateralism at post-Brexit Europe and more recently COVID-19 pandemic-which has exacerbated existing poverty and inequality in the Global South. Yet these growing concerns are neglected in mainstream development discourse. Importantly, the broader landscape within which climate change, modern slavery, white racism, ecological and human security is situated is increasingly changing bringing new challenges to the understanding and rational of mainstream development. In view of this context, this article makes a new contribution to the debate on the failures of the mainstream development in post-pandemic world order. Building on post development debate, it argues that there are several disconnects, tensions and contradictions between the economic growth model and more ethical and equitable treatment of development. It proffers a moral economy and what makes it an alternative model and draws new distinctions between development as economic growth, which inhibits an understanding of moral economy that can address more directly the underlying contradictions of mainstream development in an historically asymmetrical global system.
随着越来越多的证据表明,主流发展在社会、生态和种族方面的失败越来越多,道德经济的呼声也越来越高。主流发展被认为是以“经济增长”为发展基础的西方/欧洲中心结构。目前,关于主流发展矛盾的文献相当丰富,包括不平等、气候变化脆弱性、白人种族主义、现代奴隶制、童工、恐怖主义、新民族主义、脱欧后欧洲多边主义的衰落以及最近加剧了全球南方现有贫困和不平等的COVID-19大流行等问题。然而,这些日益增长的担忧在主流发展话语中被忽视了。重要的是,气候变化、现代奴隶制、白人种族主义、生态安全和人类安全等问题所处的大环境日益变化,对主流发展的认识和理性提出了新的挑战。鉴于这一背景,本文对关于大流行后世界秩序中主流发展的失败的辩论作出了新的贡献。在发展后辩论的基础上,报告认为,在经济增长模式与更加合乎道德和公平地对待发展之间存在着一些脱节、紧张和矛盾。它提供了一种道德经济,是什么使它成为一种替代模式,并在发展与经济增长之间划出了新的区别,这阻碍了对道德经济的理解,而道德经济可以更直接地解决历史上不对称的全球体系中主流发展的潜在矛盾。
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引用次数: 0
Citizenship Matters: Explorations into the Citizen-State Relationship in Africa 公民事务:非洲公民与国家关系探析
IF 0.7 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2022.2145992
H. Melber, J. Bjarnesen, Cristiano Lanzano, Patience Mususa
Abstract Citizenship is a universal legal concept and norm. But its meaning and impact differ. Its codification and implementation are shaped by historical trajectories, political systems and state/government relations with members of society. State policy affects perceptions of citizenship and civic behaviour by those governed. This paper engages with current challenges relating to citizenship in Africa South of the Sahara. It centres on academic and policy discussions on citizenship but also draws on media reports and secondary literature to explore whether promoting and embracing a positive notion of citizenship can be an opportunity for states and governments as well as citizens. Could civic education be considered a worthwhile investment in social stability and a shared identification with the common good? We conclude by making a case for a social contract, which reconciles particularistic identities (such as ethnicity) with citizenship and governance under the rule of law as an investment into enhanced trust in a citizen-state relationship.
摘要公民身份是一个普遍的法律概念和规范。但其含义和影响各不相同。它的编纂和实施是由历史轨迹、政治制度以及国家/政府与社会成员的关系决定的。国家政策影响被统治者对公民身份和公民行为的看法。本文探讨了撒哈拉以南非洲目前在公民身份方面面临的挑战。它以关于公民身份的学术和政策讨论为中心,但也借鉴媒体报道和二级文献,探讨促进和接受积极的公民身份概念是否可以为各州、政府和公民提供机会。公民教育是否可以被视为对社会稳定的一项有价值的投资,以及对共同利益的共同认同?最后,我们提出了一个社会契约的理由,该契约将特殊身份(如种族)与公民身份和法治治理相调和,作为对增强公民与国家关系信任的投资。
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引用次数: 2
The effect of National Sports Events on Women and Gender in Sports in Juba, South Sudan 南苏丹朱巴国家体育赛事对妇女和体育性别的影响
IF 0.7 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2022.2140706
Mitsuaki Furukawa
Abstract The purpose of this article is twofold: first, to understand the reality of gender disparities in sport in South Sudan, which has not been fully understood; and second, to examine the effects of sporting event interventions, such as whether they can improve gender disparities in sport. In order to achieve the research objectives, quantitative household surveys, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted with Juba citizens before and after the national sporting event held in Juba in 2020. Regarding the reality of gender disparities in sport in Juba, contrary to expectations, we found that more than 75 per cent of men and more than half of women play sports in Juba. However, a breakdown by sport shows that the sports actually played and participation rates are highly skewed by gender; men for football and women for volleyball. Furthermore, it was found that the national sport event intervention increases the probability of playing sport and the number of days playing sport for women more than for men. These findings suggest that the more sport events can be held, the more gender disparities in sport can be improved in South Sudan. In South Sudan, where patriarchy persists, the results show that increasing women's participation in sport may not only reduce gender disparities, but may also entail a change in the traditional social norm to date that women should focus only on childcare and housework.
摘要本文的目的有两个:第一,了解南苏丹体育运动中尚未完全了解的性别差异的现实;其次,研究体育赛事干预措施的效果,例如它们是否可以改善体育运动中的性别差异。为了实现研究目标,在2020年朱巴举行的全国体育赛事前后,对朱巴公民进行了定量的家庭调查、焦点小组讨论和关键线人访谈。关于朱巴体育运动中性别差异的现实,与预期相反,我们发现朱巴75%以上的男性和一半以上的女性参加体育运动。然而,按体育项目分列的数据显示,实际参加的体育项目和参与率因性别而异;男子踢足球,女子打排球。此外,研究发现,国家体育赛事干预比男性更能增加女性参加体育运动的概率和参加体育运动天数。这些发现表明,在南苏丹,举办的体育赛事越多,体育运动中的性别差异就越能得到改善。在父权制持续存在的南苏丹,研究结果表明,增加妇女参与体育运动不仅可以减少性别差异,还可能改变迄今为止妇女只应关注育儿和家务的传统社会规范。
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引用次数: 2
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