Pub Date : 2019-08-18DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2019.1656543
Panayiotis G. Tzeremes
ABSTRACT This paper disentangles the existence of Environmental Kuznets Curve across the Chinese regions as autonomous areas. First it makes use of the time-varying method to measure that strand for thirty Chinese regions over the period 1997–2012. The influence of income on CO2 emissions diminishes steadily from Western regions to Middle and Eastern regions. Lastly, we can observe that the validity of Environmental Kuznets Curve is exerted for one region, whilst the N-shaped curve is valid for the majority of the rest of the Chinese regions.
{"title":"Does the Environmental Kuznets Curve Exist in the Chinese Regions?","authors":"Panayiotis G. Tzeremes","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2019.1656543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2019.1656543","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper disentangles the existence of Environmental Kuznets Curve across the Chinese regions as autonomous areas. First it makes use of the time-varying method to measure that strand for thirty Chinese regions over the period 1997–2012. The influence of income on CO2 emissions diminishes steadily from Western regions to Middle and Eastern regions. Lastly, we can observe that the validity of Environmental Kuznets Curve is exerted for one region, whilst the N-shaped curve is valid for the majority of the rest of the Chinese regions.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"2 1","pages":"363 - 377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89535372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-10DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2019.1640629
W. Cui, Insook Cho
ABSTRACT Using the 2014 China Family Panel Studies, this study examines the impact of household’s subjective well-being on financial decision. It investigates whether happiness affects household’s decision to participate in risky financial market. This study finds a non-linear relationship between happiness and the probability of financial market participation. The probability of risky financial market participation increases as self-reported happiness measure increases. However, the probability declines slightly at the highest level of self-reported happiness measure. In order to address a potential endogeneity problem, this study uses the Two Stage Least Squaredmodel with two sets of instrumental variables. These findings provide a strong support for the hypothesis that a person’s subjective well-being is one of the major determinants of household’s economic behaviours, and provide an important implication on household portfolio research.
{"title":"Household’s Happiness and Financial Market Participation","authors":"W. Cui, Insook Cho","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2019.1640629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2019.1640629","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using the 2014 China Family Panel Studies, this study examines the impact of household’s subjective well-being on financial decision. It investigates whether happiness affects household’s decision to participate in risky financial market. This study finds a non-linear relationship between happiness and the probability of financial market participation. The probability of risky financial market participation increases as self-reported happiness measure increases. However, the probability declines slightly at the highest level of self-reported happiness measure. In order to address a potential endogeneity problem, this study uses the Two Stage Least Squaredmodel with two sets of instrumental variables. These findings provide a strong support for the hypothesis that a person’s subjective well-being is one of the major determinants of household’s economic behaviours, and provide an important implication on household portfolio research.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"396 - 418"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87455163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2019.1636703
Hyelin Choi, Semin Kim, T. Jung
ABSTRACT We examine the role of innovative efforts in industries from the perspective of global value chains (GVCs). We set up a simple model and empirically test it using patent and bilateral export decomposition data. The model shows that innovative activities assumed to decrease the cost of conducting high-skilled tasks can upgrade the position of the industry in GVCs. This is also supported by data on patents and GVC-related data from the OECD and the Asian Development Bank. The empirical results reveal that a higher number of patent applications are closely related to more production of intermediate goods rather than assembly.
{"title":"The Role of Innovation in Upgrading in Global Value Chains","authors":"Hyelin Choi, Semin Kim, T. Jung","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2019.1636703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2019.1636703","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We examine the role of innovative efforts in industries from the perspective of global value chains (GVCs). We set up a simple model and empirically test it using patent and bilateral export decomposition data. The model shows that innovative activities assumed to decrease the cost of conducting high-skilled tasks can upgrade the position of the industry in GVCs. This is also supported by data on patents and GVC-related data from the OECD and the Asian Development Bank. The empirical results reveal that a higher number of patent applications are closely related to more production of intermediate goods rather than assembly.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"28 1","pages":"273 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83665275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2019.1636702
Taehyun Kim
ABSTRACT Equityholders of firms with high debt loads have an incentive to underinvest, a distortion that can be most costly for firms with attractive growth options. Using a novel patent-based measure of a firm's growth options, we find that firms issue more equity and shy away from debt financing when they have larger investment opportunities sets. The results are more pronounced among firms in patent-intensive industries. The findings suggest the existence of conflicts of interest between debtholders and equityholders. Our results are consistent with the use of conservative debt policies by technology-intensive firms to mitigate the debt overhang associated with their future growth options.
{"title":"Financing Technological Innovation: Evidence from Patent-Intensive Firms","authors":"Taehyun Kim","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2019.1636702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2019.1636702","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Equityholders of firms with high debt loads have an incentive to underinvest, a distortion that can be most costly for firms with attractive growth options. Using a novel patent-based measure of a firm's growth options, we find that firms issue more equity and shy away from debt financing when they have larger investment opportunities sets. The results are more pronounced among firms in patent-intensive industries. The findings suggest the existence of conflicts of interest between debtholders and equityholders. Our results are consistent with the use of conservative debt policies by technology-intensive firms to mitigate the debt overhang associated with their future growth options.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"11 1","pages":"350 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88674046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2019.1643059
S. In, Dane P. Rook, Ashby H. B. Monk
ABSTRACT What is environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data and how do we evaluate its quality and effectiveness? This form of evaluation is important, as it is a precondition for investors trying to integrate ESG in investment decisions. Previous literature describes intrinsic properties of ESG data (e.g. multifaceted-ness and context dependence) and highlights a trade-off between the validity and reliability of ESG data, which is often tied to the lack of theoretical foundations and scarcity of high-quality ESG data. Encouragingly, new data technologies have improved the accessibility, availability, and transparency of ESG data, but an agreed theoretical framework to evaluate ESG data quality is still lacking. This paper seeks to fill that theoretical gap by proposing a ‘user-oriented’ approach to evaluate ESG data. In this framework, we consider ESG data to be a ‘continuous concept with limitless boundaries’ and characterise it in terms of its width and depth. The bearing of width and depth on ESG data quality is ultimately a function of the investment decisions in which such data is used: the approach we endorse is therefore user-centric. This study then shows how ESG data, when it is of high quality, maps onto the investment decision-making processes.
{"title":"Integrating Alternative Data (Also Known as ESG Data) in Investment Decision Making","authors":"S. In, Dane P. Rook, Ashby H. B. Monk","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2019.1643059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2019.1643059","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT What is environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data and how do we evaluate its quality and effectiveness? This form of evaluation is important, as it is a precondition for investors trying to integrate ESG in investment decisions. Previous literature describes intrinsic properties of ESG data (e.g. multifaceted-ness and context dependence) and highlights a trade-off between the validity and reliability of ESG data, which is often tied to the lack of theoretical foundations and scarcity of high-quality ESG data. Encouragingly, new data technologies have improved the accessibility, availability, and transparency of ESG data, but an agreed theoretical framework to evaluate ESG data quality is still lacking. This paper seeks to fill that theoretical gap by proposing a ‘user-oriented’ approach to evaluate ESG data. In this framework, we consider ESG data to be a ‘continuous concept with limitless boundaries’ and characterise it in terms of its width and depth. The bearing of width and depth on ESG data quality is ultimately a function of the investment decisions in which such data is used: the approach we endorse is therefore user-centric. This study then shows how ESG data, when it is of high quality, maps onto the investment decision-making processes.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"237 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88154088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2019.1638812
Hyesoo Kwon, Illoong Kwon
ABSTRACT This paper empirically investigates whether the productivity of a public (government-funded) R&D project improves when the aggregate R&D investment in the same technology field increases. Based on the unique project level data that cover almost entire public R&D projects in Korea, this paper shows that aggregate investment in other public R&D projects in the same technology field increases a public R&D project’s outputs both independent of its project expenditure (additive spillover effects) and interactive with its project expenditure (multiplicative spillover effects). The spillover effects from the aggregate private R&D investment in the same technology field also exist, but to a much lesser extent.
{"title":"R&D Spillovers for Public R&D Productivity","authors":"Hyesoo Kwon, Illoong Kwon","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2019.1638812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2019.1638812","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper empirically investigates whether the productivity of a public (government-funded) R&D project improves when the aggregate R&D investment in the same technology field increases. Based on the unique project level data that cover almost entire public R&D projects in Korea, this paper shows that aggregate investment in other public R&D projects in the same technology field increases a public R&D project’s outputs both independent of its project expenditure (additive spillover effects) and interactive with its project expenditure (multiplicative spillover effects). The spillover effects from the aggregate private R&D investment in the same technology field also exist, but to a much lesser extent.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"85 1","pages":"334 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85679467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-02DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2019.1636701
Chun-Teck Lye, Jiunn-Shyan Khong, C. Hooy
ABSTRACT This study examines the effects of board gender diversity and investor protection on private information-based trading and its persistent form. The results generally show that board gender diversity plays a significant part in preventing stock trading activities based on private information as well as persistent private information-based trading. Investor protection is also found to be significant and more pronounced in mitigating private information-based trading, but its function is hindered by the persistence of private information-based trading. Overall, the findings suggest that, besides strengthening the investor protection, policymakers should also encourage the involvement of women on boards of directors.
{"title":"Board Gender Diversity, Investor Protection, and Private Information-Based Trading","authors":"Chun-Teck Lye, Jiunn-Shyan Khong, C. Hooy","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2019.1636701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2019.1636701","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the effects of board gender diversity and investor protection on private information-based trading and its persistent form. The results generally show that board gender diversity plays a significant part in preventing stock trading activities based on private information as well as persistent private information-based trading. Investor protection is also found to be significant and more pronounced in mitigating private information-based trading, but its function is hindered by the persistence of private information-based trading. Overall, the findings suggest that, besides strengthening the investor protection, policymakers should also encourage the involvement of women on boards of directors.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"419 - 439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85597522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2019.1635037
Jungho Kim
ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic entrepreneurship in a host country by analysing a unique panel dataset of FDI and startup rates in Korean industries. It finds that FDI with a time lag has a positive effect on the startup rate, implying that inward FDI promotes domestic entrepreneurship. It shows that the strategic alliances moderate the relationship between FDI and the startup rate, depending upon the types of FDI and alliances. Both intra- and inter-industry alliances enhance the positive effect of foreign greenfield investment, while inter-industry alliances mitigate the effect of foreign acquisition.
{"title":"Does Foreign Direct Investment Matter to Domestic Entrepreneurship? The Mediating Role of Strategic Alliances","authors":"Jungho Kim","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2019.1635037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2019.1635037","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic entrepreneurship in a host country by analysing a unique panel dataset of FDI and startup rates in Korean industries. It finds that FDI with a time lag has a positive effect on the startup rate, implying that inward FDI promotes domestic entrepreneurship. It shows that the strategic alliances moderate the relationship between FDI and the startup rate, depending upon the types of FDI and alliances. Both intra- and inter-industry alliances enhance the positive effect of foreign greenfield investment, while inter-industry alliances mitigate the effect of foreign acquisition.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"303 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75491561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-24DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2019.1632729
D. Joe, Frederick Dongchuhl Oh, H. Yoo
ABSTRACT This study examines whether foreign equity investment promotes domestic firms’ innovation activities. Using panel data on the Korean firms during the 1999–2013 period, we find that foreign ownership has a positive effect on firms’ innovation activities. Furthermore, we also show that, as compared to non-chaebol firms, chaebol firms’ innovation activity becomes much greater with the increase of foreign ownership. Finally, we investigate industry-level spillover effects of innovation. Specifically, we find that foreign ownership promotes innovation activities via forward linkage, the effect of which is also more pronounced in chaebol firms.
{"title":"Foreign Ownership and Firm Innovation: Evidence from Korea","authors":"D. Joe, Frederick Dongchuhl Oh, H. Yoo","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2019.1632729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2019.1632729","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines whether foreign equity investment promotes domestic firms’ innovation activities. Using panel data on the Korean firms during the 1999–2013 period, we find that foreign ownership has a positive effect on firms’ innovation activities. Furthermore, we also show that, as compared to non-chaebol firms, chaebol firms’ innovation activity becomes much greater with the increase of foreign ownership. Finally, we investigate industry-level spillover effects of innovation. Specifically, we find that foreign ownership promotes innovation activities via forward linkage, the effect of which is also more pronounced in chaebol firms.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"10 1","pages":"284 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86229736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2019.1633377
W. Kim, Seohyun Lee, Myungkyu Shim, Hee-Seung Yang
ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the extent to which technology progress and youth employment are related. In doing so, we divide workers into two groups – young workers and old (prime-aged) workers - and then estimate the elasticity of substitution between (physical) capital and workers à la Jaimovich et al. (2013. “The Demand for Youth: Explaining Age Differences in the Volatility of Hours.” American Economic Review 103 (7): 3022–3044) by using the Korean labour market data between 2000 and 2014. Our findings indicate that the elasticity of substitution is greater (or at least not smaller) for young workers than for old workers.
摘要本文分析了技术进步与青年就业的关系程度。在此过程中，我们将工人分为两组-年轻工人和老年(壮年)工人-然后估计(物质)资本和工人之间的替代弹性(la Jaimovich et al.， 2013)。“对年轻人的需求:解释工作时间波动的年龄差异”。《经济评论》(7):2000 - 2014年韩国劳动力市场数据。我们的研究结果表明，年轻工人的替代弹性大于(或至少不小于)老年工人。
{"title":"Technological Progress and Youth Employment in South Korea","authors":"W. Kim, Seohyun Lee, Myungkyu Shim, Hee-Seung Yang","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2019.1633377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2019.1633377","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the extent to which technology progress and youth employment are related. In doing so, we divide workers into two groups – young workers and old (prime-aged) workers - and then estimate the elasticity of substitution between (physical) capital and workers à la Jaimovich et al. (2013. “The Demand for Youth: Explaining Age Differences in the Volatility of Hours.” American Economic Review 103 (7): 3022–3044) by using the Korean labour market data between 2000 and 2014. Our findings indicate that the elasticity of substitution is greater (or at least not smaller) for young workers than for old workers.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"142 1","pages":"320 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76572412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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