Pub Date : 2020-03-26DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2020.1745085
Yangsoo Jin
ABSTRACT Antitrust law in Korea regulates internal transactions by the owner and his family, or ‘Person with Special Interest (PSI)’ of a large business group. Its regulatory grounds, however, are not well-established. This paper analyses internal transactions from the perspective of competition policy, particularly, exclusionary effects. Internal transactions between the upstream- and downstream-affiliates of a business group shrink the size of the upstream market and hence squeeze the profitability of potential entrants. Thus, it may exclude the entrants which, absent the transactions, would enter the market and contribute to consumers. In addition, it may lead to a breach of the fiduciary duty of PSI. We provide some policy implications by analysing the optimal behaviour of PSI.
{"title":"Exclusionary Effects of Internal Transactions of Large Business Groups","authors":"Yangsoo Jin","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2020.1745085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2020.1745085","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Antitrust law in Korea regulates internal transactions by the owner and his family, or ‘Person with Special Interest (PSI)’ of a large business group. Its regulatory grounds, however, are not well-established. This paper analyses internal transactions from the perspective of competition policy, particularly, exclusionary effects. Internal transactions between the upstream- and downstream-affiliates of a business group shrink the size of the upstream market and hence squeeze the profitability of potential entrants. Thus, it may exclude the entrants which, absent the transactions, would enter the market and contribute to consumers. In addition, it may lead to a breach of the fiduciary duty of PSI. We provide some policy implications by analysing the optimal behaviour of PSI.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"48 1","pages":"251 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88932482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-23DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2020.1744464
Lei Wang, G. Hewings
ABSTRACT This paper investigates whether the recent rise in tariffs on goods produced in China will lead processing trade manufacturing plants now located in China to delocate to the U.S. By using a hypothetical extraction method and examining the global value chains of income, we compare the factor payments in the Chinese and U.S. manufacturing sectors. Our estimates indicate that the average tariff rate necessary to move the processing trade firms is 48.15%, i.e. well above the current 25% rate. However, the average tariff rate needed for shifting China's processing plants to Mexico decease to 20.32%.
{"title":"Will Increasing Tariffs on China Really Bring the Manufacturing Plants Back to the U.S.?","authors":"Lei Wang, G. Hewings","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2020.1744464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2020.1744464","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper investigates whether the recent rise in tariffs on goods produced in China will lead processing trade manufacturing plants now located in China to delocate to the U.S. By using a hypothetical extraction method and examining the global value chains of income, we compare the factor payments in the Chinese and U.S. manufacturing sectors. Our estimates indicate that the average tariff rate necessary to move the processing trade firms is 48.15%, i.e. well above the current 25% rate. However, the average tariff rate needed for shifting China's processing plants to Mexico decease to 20.32%.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"127 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77548966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-23DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2020.1744466
Sangho Kim
ABSTRACT By utilising a dynamic adjustment-cost framework, this study analyses dynamic productivity growth in the Japanese manufacturing industry. Empirical results show that labour and capital are very slow in converging toward the long-run equilibrium, and that output supply and factor demand elasticities vary greatly, depending on the time horizon considered. The results also show that disequilibrium effects of quasi-fixed factors are positively biased toward productivity growth measured in a static equilibrium model. The bias results largely from negative adjustment costs related to the decreasing investment in the factors. There is an almost steady decrease in returns to scale, causing negative scale effects on productivity growth.
{"title":"Productivity Growth in Dynamic Factor Adjustment for the Japanese Manufacturing Industry","authors":"Sangho Kim","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2020.1744466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2020.1744466","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT By utilising a dynamic adjustment-cost framework, this study analyses dynamic productivity growth in the Japanese manufacturing industry. Empirical results show that labour and capital are very slow in converging toward the long-run equilibrium, and that output supply and factor demand elasticities vary greatly, depending on the time horizon considered. The results also show that disequilibrium effects of quasi-fixed factors are positively biased toward productivity growth measured in a static equilibrium model. The bias results largely from negative adjustment costs related to the decreasing investment in the factors. There is an almost steady decrease in returns to scale, causing negative scale effects on productivity growth.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"42 1","pages":"171 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84987884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-20DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2020.1744465
Z. Peng, Ziliang Yu, Huifu Nong
ABSTRACT This study explores the inter-type real estate investment connectedness in China. We document that: (1) connectedness is strong and time-varying; (2) the residential investment is instrumental in the inter-type investment connectedness network; (3) the total connectedness has dropped since 2008; and (4) the November 2008 Chinese stimulus package has significantly enhanced the influence of the residential and the industrial and other real estate investments. These results reflect both the economic development strategy of Chinese local governments and the importance of central government intervention, therefore providing a new perspective to understand China's booming real estate market during the past two decades.
{"title":"Inter-Type Investment Connectedness: A New Perspective on China’s Booming Real Estate Market","authors":"Z. Peng, Ziliang Yu, Huifu Nong","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2020.1744465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2020.1744465","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explores the inter-type real estate investment connectedness in China. We document that: (1) connectedness is strong and time-varying; (2) the residential investment is instrumental in the inter-type investment connectedness network; (3) the total connectedness has dropped since 2008; and (4) the November 2008 Chinese stimulus package has significantly enhanced the influence of the residential and the industrial and other real estate investments. These results reflect both the economic development strategy of Chinese local governments and the importance of central government intervention, therefore providing a new perspective to understand China's booming real estate market during the past two decades.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"11 1","pages":"186 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73405497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2019.1681287
Bongseok Choi, Seon Tae Kim
ABSTRACT This paper studies the mechanism of financial intermediaries' information production and its impact on industry-level growth, especially its difference between industries that differ in the technological composition of small firms. We build a growth model in which (i) both loan contracts and production of information on borrowing firms' productivities are endogenously determined, and (ii) the smaller firm's productivity is more costly to assess. Analytic results show that the smaller firm's innately greater degree of informational opaqueness hinders its growth, especially in the early stage of a country's financial development. We provide some evidence supporting the key mechanism.
{"title":"Financial Intermediation, Costly Information Production, and Small Industry Growth","authors":"Bongseok Choi, Seon Tae Kim","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2019.1681287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2019.1681287","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper studies the mechanism of financial intermediaries' information production and its impact on industry-level growth, especially its difference between industries that differ in the technological composition of small firms. We build a growth model in which (i) both loan contracts and production of information on borrowing firms' productivities are endogenously determined, and (ii) the smaller firm's productivity is more costly to assess. Analytic results show that the smaller firm's innately greater degree of informational opaqueness hinders its growth, especially in the early stage of a country's financial development. We provide some evidence supporting the key mechanism.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"60 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83349431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2019.1699847
Y. Kim, Ki Seong Park
ABSTRACT We propose a theoretical model that economic growth rate is a strictly concave function of labour share: Growth rate increases with labour share and decreases after reaching the peak. If wage rates are determined through bargaining between labour unions and employers instead of competition in markets, the labour share deviates from the competitive equilibrium level. When this occurs, the economic growth rate is lower than that in the competitive equilibrium, and the growth rate decreases with the increasing labour share. Our empirical analyses of the 23 OECD countries’ balanced panel between 1980 and 2008 confirm our theoretical model.
{"title":"Labour Share and Economic Growth in OECD Countries","authors":"Y. Kim, Ki Seong Park","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2019.1699847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2019.1699847","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We propose a theoretical model that economic growth rate is a strictly concave function of labour share: Growth rate increases with labour share and decreases after reaching the peak. If wage rates are determined through bargaining between labour unions and employers instead of competition in markets, the labour share deviates from the competitive equilibrium level. When this occurs, the economic growth rate is lower than that in the competitive equilibrium, and the growth rate decreases with the increasing labour share. Our empirical analyses of the 23 OECD countries’ balanced panel between 1980 and 2008 confirm our theoretical model.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"27 1","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86026023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2020.1726197
Diem Thi-Ngoc Vo, Sizhong Sun, Chung Thanh Phan
ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of export destinations on the productivity of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Vietnamese manufacturing sector (2007–2013), using fixed effects and instrumental variables to control for possible endogeneity of export in our estimation. Empirical results indicate that export does not significantly improve the productivity of SMEs. In addition, we also consider whether export to developed (and developing) countries differently affects firm productivity in our exercise, and our results suggest no evidence of learning by exporting to developed (and developing) countries. For other factors, firm age and capital intensity are found to have negative impacts on firm productivity, while human capital-related factors, innovation activities, and government assistances show positive and significant productivity effects.
{"title":"Does Export Destination Affect Firm Productivity? Evidence From Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Vietnamese Manufacturing Sector","authors":"Diem Thi-Ngoc Vo, Sizhong Sun, Chung Thanh Phan","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2020.1726197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2020.1726197","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of export destinations on the productivity of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Vietnamese manufacturing sector (2007–2013), using fixed effects and instrumental variables to control for possible endogeneity of export in our estimation. Empirical results indicate that export does not significantly improve the productivity of SMEs. In addition, we also consider whether export to developed (and developing) countries differently affects firm productivity in our exercise, and our results suggest no evidence of learning by exporting to developed (and developing) countries. For other factors, firm age and capital intensity are found to have negative impacts on firm productivity, while human capital-related factors, innovation activities, and government assistances show positive and significant productivity effects.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"27 1","pages":"23 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78102619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2020.1726789
Jong-hee Kim
ABSTRACT This paper analyses the financial assets of institutional investors and pension funds to estimate how the change in portfolio affects returns and whether the realisation of returns can improve macroeconomic prudence. From the analysis, this paper offers several findings. First, the increase in the weighted return rates of institutional investors and pension funds lowers GDP volatility and improves macroeconomic prudence. Second, the portfolio composition effect of institutional investors and pension funds can also affect improving macroeconomic prudence. And the effect of composition effect in macroeconomic prudence improvement is greater in countries with high financial openness, for both institutional investors and pension funds.
{"title":"A Study on the Relationship between the Investment of Institutional Investors and Macroeconomic Prudence","authors":"Jong-hee Kim","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2020.1726789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2020.1726789","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper analyses the financial assets of institutional investors and pension funds to estimate how the change in portfolio affects returns and whether the realisation of returns can improve macroeconomic prudence. From the analysis, this paper offers several findings. First, the increase in the weighted return rates of institutional investors and pension funds lowers GDP volatility and improves macroeconomic prudence. Second, the portfolio composition effect of institutional investors and pension funds can also affect improving macroeconomic prudence. And the effect of composition effect in macroeconomic prudence improvement is greater in countries with high financial openness, for both institutional investors and pension funds.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"52 1","pages":"43 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86719466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-28DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2020.1862692
Youjin Hahn, Stephen Matteo Miller, Hee-Seung Yang
ABSTRACT This study presents estimates of multidimensional household inequality in Australia from 2001 to 2017. Earnings inequality declines through the sample, while disposable income, non-durable consumption expenditures, food expenditures and net worth inequality exhibit relatively flat trends. The relatively flat trend for non-durable expenditures inequality, even over the life cycle, suggests households insure consumption against idiosyncratic shocks. Standard regression estimates of consumption growth against income shocks confirm this finding. Quantile regression estimates indicate households experiencing negative (positive) consumption growth have more sensitivity to negative (positive) income shocks than households with positive (negative) consumption growth, but coefficient estimates have small magnitudes, confirming standard tests.
{"title":"Household Inequality and Risk Sharing in Australia","authors":"Youjin Hahn, Stephen Matteo Miller, Hee-Seung Yang","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2020.1862692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2020.1862692","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study presents estimates of multidimensional household inequality in Australia from 2001 to 2017. Earnings inequality declines through the sample, while disposable income, non-durable consumption expenditures, food expenditures and net worth inequality exhibit relatively flat trends. The relatively flat trend for non-durable expenditures inequality, even over the life cycle, suggests households insure consumption against idiosyncratic shocks. Standard regression estimates of consumption growth against income shocks confirm this finding. Quantile regression estimates indicate households experiencing negative (positive) consumption growth have more sensitivity to negative (positive) income shocks than households with positive (negative) consumption growth, but coefficient estimates have small magnitudes, confirming standard tests.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"32 1","pages":"169 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75334150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-10DOI: 10.1080/1226508X.2019.1699845
Meeta Keswani Mehra, Swati Saini
ABSTRACT This paper formulates a growth model to study the interlinkages among quality of schooling, human capital and technical progress of a stylised developing economy such as India. The simulation results reveal that under the technology regimes of innovation and imitation, the quality of schooling triggers a child quantity–quality trade-off wherein parents invest in educating their children and bear lesser number of children when schooling quality exceeds an endogenously determined threshold. Consequently, the stylised economy reaches a self-sustaining growth path under both the regimes by investing in human capital of the young generation in the long run.
{"title":"Implications of Quality of Schooling on Economic Growth and Convergence – A System Dynamics Perspective","authors":"Meeta Keswani Mehra, Swati Saini","doi":"10.1080/1226508X.2019.1699845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2019.1699845","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper formulates a growth model to study the interlinkages among quality of schooling, human capital and technical progress of a stylised developing economy such as India. The simulation results reveal that under the technology regimes of innovation and imitation, the quality of schooling triggers a child quantity–quality trade-off wherein parents invest in educating their children and bear lesser number of children when schooling quality exceeds an endogenously determined threshold. Consequently, the stylised economy reaches a self-sustaining growth path under both the regimes by investing in human capital of the young generation in the long run.","PeriodicalId":45235,"journal":{"name":"Global Economic Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"126 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88203901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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