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Help students learn interpreted Petri nets with Minecraft 帮助学生用Minecraft学习解释Petri网
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-22 DOI: 10.15388/infedu.2023.13
I. Grobelna, M. Mazurkiewicz, Damian Janus
Background: Petri nets are a formal specification technique for modelling of control processes and modern flexible manufacturing systems. Interpreted Petri nets take into account input and output signals, allowing to apply them in any control system or even in control part of a cyber-physical system. Due to the fact that Petri nets are not used in the industrial practice, the students sometimes lack motivation to learn them. Contributions: In the paper we propose how to help students learn interpreted Petri nets with Minecraft (as a game-based learning). We show how interpreted Petri nets can be modelled in Minecraft and how they communicate with the surrounding environment via input and output signals to visualize control processes. The proposed approach has been validated experimentally among university students. Hypotheses: (1) Creating interpreted Petri net models with Minecraft helps to understand the basic principles; (2) Minecraft makes the course more attractive. Methodology: Students were divided into an experimental group (with game-based learning) and a control group (with traditional learning). The experimental group filled in a knowledge test twice (on the entry and on the exit) and a questionnaire. The control group filled in the same knowledge test at the end of the course. Findings: The observations confirm that the Minecraft-based teaching of interpreted Petri nets allows to gain better results in final tests, making at the same time the course more attractive and enjoyable.
背景:Petri网是一种用于控制过程和现代柔性制造系统建模的正式规范技术。解释Petri网考虑到输入和输出信号,允许将它们应用于任何控制系统,甚至是网络物理系统的控制部分。由于Petri网没有在工业实践中使用,学生有时缺乏学习它们的动力。贡献:在论文中,我们提出了如何帮助学生使用Minecraft学习解释Petri网(作为基于游戏的学习)。我们展示了如何解释Petri网可以在Minecraft中建模,以及它们如何通过输入和输出信号与周围环境进行通信,以可视化控制过程。该方法已在大学生中得到实验验证。假设:(1)使用Minecraft创建解释Petri网模型有助于理解基本原理;(2) Minecraft使课程更具吸引力。方法:将学生分为实验组(游戏学习)和对照组(传统学习)。实验组分别在入组和出组时填写了两次知识测试和一份问卷。对照组在课程结束时填写了同样的知识测试。结果:观察结果证实,基于minecraft的解释Petri网教学可以在最终测试中获得更好的结果,同时使课程更具吸引力和乐趣。
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引用次数: 0
A Second Experimental Study the Application of a Teaching Plan for the Algorithms Subject in an Undergraduate Course in Computing using Active Methodologies 主动方法在计算机本科课程算法课教学计划应用的二次实验研究
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-22 DOI: 10.15388/infedu.2023.12
F. Garcia, S. Oliveira, Elielton da Costa Carvalho
The contents taught in the programming subjects have a great relevance in the formation of computing students. However, these subjects are characterized by high failure rates, as they require logical reasoning and mathematical knowledge. Thus, establishing knowledge through the subject of algorithms can help students to overcome these difficulties and absorb the contents and skills required. Thus, this work aims to present and discuss the results of a second experiment on the application of a teaching plan composed of several active methodologies (Virtual Learning Environments, Coding Dojo, Gamification, Problem-Based Learning, Flipped Classroom and Serious Games) in an algorithms subject. Based on this experiment, it was evaluated whether there were learning gains compared to the learning acquired with the traditional method. Finally, an analysis was performed using the two-tailed Student-t approach, used for independent samples, which presented statistically significant results.
程序设计课程所教授的内容对计算机专业学生的培养有很大的相关性。然而,这些科目的特点是失败率很高,因为它们需要逻辑推理和数学知识。因此,通过算法这门学科来建立知识,可以帮助学生克服这些困难,吸收所需的内容和技能。因此,这项工作旨在展示和讨论在算法主题中应用由几种主动方法(虚拟学习环境,编码Dojo,游戏化,基于问题的学习,翻转课堂和严肃游戏)组成的教学计划的第二次实验的结果。在此实验的基础上,评估与传统方法获得的学习相比,是否有学习收益。最后,使用独立样本的双尾Student-t方法进行分析,结果具有统计学意义。
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引用次数: 1
Assessing the Learning of Machine Learning in K-12: A Ten-Year Systematic Mapping 评估K-12中机器学习的学习:一个十年的系统映射
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-28 DOI: 10.15388/infedu.2023.11
Marcelo Fernando Rauber, Christiane Gresse von Wangenheim
Although Machine Learning (ML) has already become part of our daily lives, few are familiar with this technology. Thus, in order to help students to understand ML, its potential, and limitations and to empower them to become creators of intelligent solutions, diverse courses for teaching ML in K-12 have emerged. Yet, a question less considered is how to assess the learning of ML. Therefore, we performed a systematic mapping identifying 27 instructional units, which also present a quantitative assessment of the students’ learning. The simplest assessments range from quizzes to performance-based assessments assessing the learning of basic ML concepts, approaches, and in some cases ethical issues and the impact of ML on lower cognitive levels. Feedback is mostly limited to the indication of the correctness of the answers and only a few assessments are automated. These results indicate a need for more rigorous and comprehensive research in this area.
虽然机器学习(ML)已经成为我们日常生活的一部分,但很少有人熟悉这项技术。因此,为了帮助学生理解ML,它的潜力和局限性,并使他们成为智能解决方案的创造者,在K-12中出现了各种ML教学课程。然而,一个较少考虑的问题是如何评估机器学习的学习。因此,我们进行了系统的映射,确定了27个教学单元,这些单元也对学生的学习进行了定量评估。最简单的评估范围从测验到基于性能的评估,评估基本ML概念、方法的学习,在某些情况下,还包括道德问题和ML对较低认知水平的影响。反馈主要局限于指出答案的正确性,只有少数评估是自动化的。这些结果表明,需要在这一领域进行更严格和全面的研究。
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引用次数: 6
Exploring the effects of near-peer teaching in robotics education: The role of STEM attitudes 探索近同伴教学对机器人教育的影响:STEM态度的作用
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-25 DOI: 10.15388/infedu.2023.10
Isabelle C. de Vink, J. Tolboom, O. van Beekum
Due to technological advancements, robotics is findings its way into the classroom. However, workload for teachers is high, and teachers sometimes lack the knowledge to implement robotics education. A key factor of robotics education is peer learning, and having students (near-)peers teach them robotics could diminish workload. Therefore, this study implemented near-peer teaching in robotics education. 4 K10-11 secondary school students were teachers to 83 K5-6 primary school students. The intervention included 4 3-hour robotics lessons in Dutch schools. Primary school students completed a pre- and post-intervention questionnaire on their STEM-attitudes and near-peer teaching experience, and a report on their learning outcomes. Interaction with near-peer teachers was observed. After the lessons, a paired-samples t-test showed that students had a more positive attitude towards engineering and technology. Students also reported a positive near-peer teaching experience. Conventional content analysis showed that students experienced a gain in programming and robotics skill after the lessons, and increased conceptual understanding of robotics. The role the near peer teachers most frequently fulfilled was formative assessor. Near-peer teachers could successfully fulfil a role as an engaging information provider. This study shows that near-peer teachers can effectively teach robotics, diminishing workload for teachers. Furthermore, near-peer robotics lessons could lead to increased STEM-attitudes.
由于科技的进步,机器人正在进入课堂。然而,教师的工作量很大,教师有时缺乏实施机器人教育的知识。机器人教育的一个关键因素是同伴学习,让学生(接近)同伴教他们机器人可以减少工作量。因此,本研究在机器人教育中实施近同伴教学。4名K10-11中学学生是83名K5-6小学学生的老师。干预包括在荷兰学校上4节3小时的机器人课。小学生完成了干预前和干预后的stem态度问卷和近同伴教学经验问卷,以及学习成果报告。观察与同伴教师的互动。课程结束后,配对样本t检验表明,学生对工程和技术的态度更加积极。学生们还报告了积极的近同伴教学体验。传统的内容分析表明,学生在课程结束后体验到编程和机器人技能的增益,并增加了对机器人概念的理解。近同伴教师最常扮演的角色是形成性评估者。近同伴教师可以成功地履行一个有吸引力的信息提供者的角色。这项研究表明,近同伴教师可以有效地教授机器人,减少教师的工作量。此外,同伴机器人课程可能会导致stem态度的提高。
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引用次数: 2
Promoting Student Competencies in Informatics Education by Combining Semantic Waves and Algorithmic Thinkingv 结合语义波与算法思维提升学生信息学教育能力
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-24 DOI: 10.15388/infedu.2023.07
Frauke Ritter, Bernhard Standl
We live in a digital age, not least accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is all the more important in our society that students learn and master the key competence of algorithmic thinking to understand the informatics concepts behind every digital phenomena and thus is able to actively shape the future. For this to be successful, concepts must be identified that can convey this key competence to all students in such a way that algorithmic thinking is integrated in the subject of informatics - beyond a pure programming course. Furthermore, based on the Legitimation Code Theory, semantic waves provide a way to develop and review lesson plans. Therefore, we planned a workshop, that follow the phases of a semantic wave addressing algorithmic problems using a blockbased programming language. Considering this, we suggest the so-called SWAT concept (Semantic Wave Algorithmic Thinking concept), which is carried out and analyzed in a workshop with students. The workshop was carried out in online format in an 8th grade of a high school during a coronavirus lockdown. The level of algorithmic thinking was measured using a pretest and posttest both in the treatment group and in a control group and with the help of the approximate adjusted fractional Bayes factors for testing informative hypotheses statistically and through a reductive, qualitative content analysis of the students’ work results (worksheets and created programs) evaluated. The semantic wave concept was measured using several cognitive load ratings of the students during the workshop and also statistically evaluated with the approximate adjusted fractional Bayes factors for testing informative hypotheses, as well as a qualitative content analysis of the worksheets. Results of this pilot study provide first insights, that the SWAT-concept can be used in combination of unplugged and plugged parts.
我们生活在数字时代,尤其是COVID-19大流行加速了这一时代。在我们的社会中,学生学习和掌握算法思维的关键能力,以理解每一个数字现象背后的信息学概念,从而能够积极地塑造未来,这一点尤为重要。为了取得成功,必须确定能够向所有学生传达这一关键能力的概念,以使算法思维融入信息学主题-而不仅仅是纯粹的编程课程。此外,基于合法性代码理论,语义波提供了一种制定和审查教案的方法。因此,我们计划了一个研讨会,该研讨会遵循语义波的各个阶段,使用基于块的编程语言解决算法问题。考虑到这一点,我们提出了所谓的SWAT概念(语义波算法思维概念),并在与学生的研讨会中进行了分析。该研讨会是在冠状病毒封锁期间在一所高中的八年级以在线形式进行的。算法思维的水平是通过治疗组和对照组的前测和后测来测量的,并借助近似调整的分数贝叶斯因子来统计地测试信息假设,并通过对学生的工作结果(工作表和创建的程序)进行简化的定性内容分析来评估。语义波概念是在研讨会期间使用学生的几个认知负荷评分来测量的,并且还使用近似调整的分数贝叶斯因子进行统计评估,以测试信息假设,以及对工作表进行定性内容分析。该初步研究的结果首次表明,swat概念可以在未插拔和插拔部件的组合中使用。
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引用次数: 4
Leveraging the Pied Piper effect -The case of teaching programming to sixth-grade students via music 利用魔笛手效应——通过音乐向六年级学生教授编程的案例
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-24 DOI: 10.15388/infedu.2023.06
I. Lavy
This paper describes a pilot study that explores students learning how to program via a multi-disciplinary approach. The study participants were eleven 6th grade students who learned programming fundamentals via music activities in a Scratch 3.0 environment. These activities included the programming of familiar melodies and the development of suitable animations or computer games. For that matter, a study unit termed MelodyCode was developed in the spirit of the STEAM education approach and the spiral learning method and included exploration tasks based on individual learning. Via the programming of familiar melodies, they became acquainted with programming concepts such as functions, variables, repetition and control commands, parallel processes, and more. Competitions that win awards were held from time to time, which prompted students to invest efforts in their projects to reach first place and gain the teacher and classmates' appreciation. The study was conducted in the form of action research. The data analysis yielded references to the effect of MelodyCode on common stereotypes students hold regarding programming (masculine profession, necessitates good mathematics knowledge), cognitive aspects (cognitive load, linking music concrete use to abstract programming concepts), and affective aspects (joyful and relaxing class atmosphere, motivation, curiosity, self-efficacy).
本文描述了一项试点研究,探索学生如何通过多学科方法学习编程。研究参与者是11名六年级学生,他们在Scratch 3.0环境中通过音乐活动学习编程基础知识。这些活动包括编排熟悉的旋律,以及制作合适的动画或电脑游戏。为此,在STEAM教育方法和螺旋学习方法的精神下,开发了一个名为MelodyCode的学习单元,其中包括基于个人学习的探索任务。通过熟悉旋律的编程,他们熟悉了函数、变量、重复和控制命令、并行过程等编程概念。得奖的比赛不时举行,这促使学生们在他们的项目中投入努力,以获得第一名,并获得老师和同学的赞赏。该研究以行动研究的形式进行。通过数据分析,我们发现MelodyCode对学生对编程的普遍刻板印象(男性化职业,需要良好的数学知识)、认知方面(认知负荷,将音乐的具体使用与抽象的编程概念联系起来)和情感方面(愉悦放松的课堂氛围、动机、好奇心、自我效能感)的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying Plagiarised Programming Assignments with Detection Tool Consensus 用共识检测工具识别抄袭的编程作业
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-14 DOI: 10.15388/infedu.2023.05
Hayden Cheers, Yuqing Lin, Weigen Yan
Source code plagiarism is a common occurrence in undergraduate computer science education. Many source code plagiarism detection tools have been proposed to address this problem. However, most of these tools only measure the similarity between assignment submissions, and do not actually identify which are suspicious of plagiarism. This work presents a semi-automatic approach that enables the indication of suspicious assignment submissions by analysing source code similarity scores among the submissions. The proposed approach seeks the consensus of multiple source code plagiarism detection tools in order to identify program pairs that are consistently evaluated with high similarity. A case study is presented to demonstrate the use of the proposed approach. The results of this case study indicate that it can accurately identify assignment submissions that are suspicious of plagiarism.
源代码抄袭是计算机本科教育中常见的现象。许多源代码抄袭检测工具已经被提出来解决这个问题。然而,大多数这些工具只是衡量作业提交之间的相似性,并不能真正识别哪些是可疑的抄袭。这项工作提出了一种半自动的方法,可以通过分析提交的源代码相似度分数来指示可疑的分配提交。该方法寻求多个源代码抄袭检测工具的共识,以识别具有高相似性的一致性评估的程序对。一个案例研究被提出来证明所提出的方法的使用。本案例研究的结果表明,它可以准确地识别有抄袭嫌疑的作业提交。
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引用次数: 1
Information and Communication Technologies in Education 4.0 Paradigm: a Systematic Mapping Study 信息和通信技术在教育4.0范式:一个系统的映射研究
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-25 DOI: 10.15388/infedu.2023.03
Leonam C. de Oliveira, G. Guerino, Leander Cordeiro de OLIVEIRA, Andrey R. Pimentel
Industry 4.0 technologies are being applied in the teaching and learning process, called Education 4.0. However, there is no specification of what is being considered when developing technologies for education in the 4.0 context. Therefore, we performed a Systematic Mapping Study to investigate the information and communication technologies (ICTs) proposed to Education 4.0. From a search in four search engines, 81 articles had data extracted. The results elucidated aspects considered as Education 4.0, such as contextualized learning and student-centered learning. Besides, some applied ICTs are not in agreement with the ICTs considered as 4.0 in the literature, the focus on ICTs to engineering education and to be applied to higher education. As implications of the results obtained, it is necessary to understand why some ICTs are not aligned with 4.0 literature and apply these ICTs in knowledge areas beyond STEM.
工业4.0技术正被应用于教学过程,被称为教育4.0。然而,在4.0环境中开发教育技术时,没有具体说明要考虑什么。因此,我们进行了一项系统测绘研究,以调查教育4.0中提出的信息和通信技术(ict)。在四个搜索引擎中进行搜索,提取了81篇文章的数据。结果阐明了情境化学习和以学生为中心的学习等被认为是教育4.0的方面。此外,一些应用的信息通信技术与文献中认为的信息通信技术4.0不一致,关注信息通信技术在工程教育和高等教育中的应用。作为所获得结果的含义,有必要了解为什么一些ict与4.0文献不一致,并将这些ict应用于STEM以外的知识领域。
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引用次数: 3
Effectiveness of Gamification on the Community of Inquiry Development in Online Project-based Programming Courses Conducted on Facebook 游戏化对Facebook在线项目编程课程探究性社区发展的有效性
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-25 DOI: 10.15388/infedu.2023.04
Servet Kılıç
This study aims to explore how gamification elements influence the development of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) in an online project-based programming course conducted on Facebook. We formed student groups by using a quasi-experimental design from students studying in the computer science department. While both courses were project-based, the experimental group's project development process was enriched with gamification elements. We collected data from the CoI survey, transcript analysis of online discussions, and interviews with students. The results indicated that the use of gamification elements contributed significantly to students' social, cognitive, and teaching presence development. Besides, while a high level of CoI perception was created in both groups in the online project-based learning environment, the design and organization role of the instructor came to the fore in the gamified environment more.
本研究旨在探讨游戏化元素如何影响在Facebook上进行的基于在线项目的编程课程的调查社区(CoI)的发展。我们用计算机科学系学生的准实验设计来组成学生小组。虽然这两门课程都是基于项目的,但实验组的项目开发过程中充满了游戏化元素。我们从CoI调查、在线讨论的文字记录分析和学生访谈中收集数据。结果表明,游戏化元素的使用对学生的社会、认知和教学存在的发展有显著的促进作用。此外,尽管在基于在线项目的学习环境中,两组都产生了高水平的CoI感知,但在游戏化环境中,教师的设计和组织角色更加突出。
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引用次数: 1
Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Learning Analytics Based on Web of Science Database 基于Web of Science数据库的学习分析研究的文献计量分析
IF 2.7 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-21 DOI: 10.15388/infedu.2023.02
Tarık Talan, Muhammet Demirbilek
The purpose of this study is to reveal the status of scientific publications on learning analytics from the past to the present in terms of bibliometric indicators. A total of 659 publications on the subject between the years 2011-2021 were found in the search using keywords after various screening processes. Publications were revealed through descriptive and bibliometric analyses. In the study, the distribution of publications by years and citation numbers, the most published journals on the subject, the most frequently cited publications, the most prolific countries, institutions and authors were examined. In addition, the cooperation between the countries, authors and institutions that publish on the subject was mentioned and a network structure was created for the relations between the keywords. It has been determined that research in this field has progressed and the number of publications and citations has increased over the years. As a result of the bibliometric analysis, it was concluded that the most influential countries in the field of learning analytics are the USA, Australia and Spain. The University of Edinburgh and Open University UK ranked first in terms of the number of citations and Monash University as the most prolific institutions in terms of the number of publications. According to the keyword co-occurrence analysis, educational data mining, MOOCS, learning analytics, blended learning, social network analysis keywords stand out in the field of learning analytics.
本研究的目的是揭示从过去到现在,在文献计量指标方面的科学出版物学习分析的现状。在经过各种筛选过程后,使用关键词进行搜索,共发现了2011-2021年间有关该主题的659份出版物。通过描述和文献计量分析揭示了出版物。在这项研究中,研究人员检查了按年份和引用数划分的出版物分布、该主题发表最多的期刊、最常被引用的出版物、最多产的国家、机构和作者。此外,还提到了在该主题上发表文章的国家、作者和机构之间的合作,并为关键词之间的关系创建了网络结构。可以确定的是,这一领域的研究取得了进展,多年来出版物和引用的数量有所增加。根据文献计量分析的结果,我们得出结论,在学习分析领域最有影响力的国家是美国、澳大利亚和西班牙。爱丁堡大学(University of Edinburgh)和英国开放大学(Open University UK)在被引用次数方面排名第一,莫纳什大学(Monash University)在发表论文数量方面排名第一。根据关键词共现分析、教育数据挖掘、mooc、学习分析、混合学习、社交网络分析等关键词在学习分析领域脱颖而出。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Informatics in Education
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