Pub Date : 2021-07-06DOI: 10.1080/14631369.2021.1951597
Chien-Wen Kung
ABSTRACT In April 1957, Chinese educators from across the Philippines gathered in Manila for the First Convention of Chinese Schools in the country. This article comprises a translation of and commentary on the declaration that was published to commemorate the occasion. I use it to illustrate the little-known extent to which elite-authored Chinese identity in the Philippines was deeply infused with a particular strain of Cold War ideology that emphasized unyielding support for the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan and Sinocentrism. Texts such as these call attention to the Philippines as a largely neglected site for historicizing and differentiating among Southeast Asia’s Chinese communities after 1945. Read carefully and contextually, they offer a very different perspective on identity formation within these societies from that found in mainstream, typically Malaya-focused narratives of cultural hybridization, localization, and depoliticization.
{"title":"Anticommunism, Sinocentrism, and elite Chinese identity: the 1957 Declaration of the First Convention of Chinese Schools in the Philippines","authors":"Chien-Wen Kung","doi":"10.1080/14631369.2021.1951597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2021.1951597","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In April 1957, Chinese educators from across the Philippines gathered in Manila for the First Convention of Chinese Schools in the country. This article comprises a translation of and commentary on the declaration that was published to commemorate the occasion. I use it to illustrate the little-known extent to which elite-authored Chinese identity in the Philippines was deeply infused with a particular strain of Cold War ideology that emphasized unyielding support for the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan and Sinocentrism. Texts such as these call attention to the Philippines as a largely neglected site for historicizing and differentiating among Southeast Asia’s Chinese communities after 1945. Read carefully and contextually, they offer a very different perspective on identity formation within these societies from that found in mainstream, typically Malaya-focused narratives of cultural hybridization, localization, and depoliticization.","PeriodicalId":45296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnicity","volume":"24 1","pages":"38 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14631369.2021.1951597","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43530259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14631369.2021.1893652
C. Mackerras, C. Shih, Julie Yu-Wen Chen
In February 2021, Asian Ethnicity formed a new team of editors-in-chief, led by Ian G. Baird, professor of geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Matthew W. King, associate professor of religious studies, University of California, Riverside, and Debojyoti Das, lecturer, University of Sussex, Falmer. The new team of editors-in-chief has geographical expertise in Southeast Asia, Inner Asia, and South Asia; while disciplinarily speaking, they are located in religious studies and history, social anthropology and geography. This collective leadership signals a change in the journal’s history and might further lead the journal to other uncharted territories in the future. Before this new team, the three former editors-in-chief of Asian Ethnicity were all more engaged with studies of China. Colin Mackerras, the founding editor, is an Australian sinologist and is currently emeritus professor at Griffith University specializing in Chinese culture. He has published widely on Chinese ethnicities. The second editor-in-chief, Chih-yu Shih, started his term in 2008. Shih is a professor of international relations and has also published widely on identities and nationalism in China. Shih thrives in both the discipline of political science and China studies. After working under Shih’s guidance as an executive editor for Asian Ethnicity for several years, Julie Yu-Wen Chen became the third editor-in-chief of the journal in late 2015. Chen, a former student of Shih, is also active in both political science and China studies. Her interest in ethnic politics in China focuses on the Uyghurs’ diasporic experience. In this short article, Mackerras shares his recollection of the birth of the journal and his observations about the journal’s development over its twenty-one-year trajectory. After that, Shih and Chen discuss the new elements that they have added to the journal with the hope that the new generation of editors-in-chief can continue to bring the journal to the next level of intellectual creativity.
{"title":"Twenty-one years of Asian ethnicity: a short recollection","authors":"C. Mackerras, C. Shih, Julie Yu-Wen Chen","doi":"10.1080/14631369.2021.1893652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2021.1893652","url":null,"abstract":"In February 2021, Asian Ethnicity formed a new team of editors-in-chief, led by Ian G. Baird, professor of geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Matthew W. King, associate professor of religious studies, University of California, Riverside, and Debojyoti Das, lecturer, University of Sussex, Falmer. The new team of editors-in-chief has geographical expertise in Southeast Asia, Inner Asia, and South Asia; while disciplinarily speaking, they are located in religious studies and history, social anthropology and geography. This collective leadership signals a change in the journal’s history and might further lead the journal to other uncharted territories in the future. Before this new team, the three former editors-in-chief of Asian Ethnicity were all more engaged with studies of China. Colin Mackerras, the founding editor, is an Australian sinologist and is currently emeritus professor at Griffith University specializing in Chinese culture. He has published widely on Chinese ethnicities. The second editor-in-chief, Chih-yu Shih, started his term in 2008. Shih is a professor of international relations and has also published widely on identities and nationalism in China. Shih thrives in both the discipline of political science and China studies. After working under Shih’s guidance as an executive editor for Asian Ethnicity for several years, Julie Yu-Wen Chen became the third editor-in-chief of the journal in late 2015. Chen, a former student of Shih, is also active in both political science and China studies. Her interest in ethnic politics in China focuses on the Uyghurs’ diasporic experience. In this short article, Mackerras shares his recollection of the birth of the journal and his observations about the journal’s development over its twenty-one-year trajectory. After that, Shih and Chen discuss the new elements that they have added to the journal with the hope that the new generation of editors-in-chief can continue to bring the journal to the next level of intellectual creativity.","PeriodicalId":45296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnicity","volume":"22 1","pages":"399 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14631369.2021.1893652","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43227355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.1080/14631369.2021.1941755
Richard T. Chu
ABSTRACT This paper examines the historical antecedents of the terminologies ascribed to the Chinese in the Philippines, focusing on the late Spanish to the early American colonial periods. Many government records, newspapers, or books categorized the “Chinese” as either sangley, intsik, Chinese mestizo, or “Chinese/Chino,” in contradistinction to Christianized natives who were labeled as “Indios” and later “Filipinos.” Following dominant and nationalized classifications of race, past scholarship on the Chinese in the Philippines also tended to paint the “Chinese” in the Philippines in a binarist opposition against “Filipinos.” The essentialization of ethnicities has resulted in the perpetuation of a homogenized and monolithic “Chinese” identity that we see in the country today. Using government and non-government publications from the period under study, this paper seeks to demonstrate the power dynamic at particular moments in Philippine society that has led to the reification, reinvention, and reconfiguration of what it means to be “Chinese.”
{"title":"From ‘sangley’ to ‘Chinaman’, ‘Chinese Mestizo’ to ‘Tsinoy’: unpacking ‘Chinese’ identities in the Philippines at the turn of the Twentieth-Century","authors":"Richard T. Chu","doi":"10.1080/14631369.2021.1941755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2021.1941755","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the historical antecedents of the terminologies ascribed to the Chinese in the Philippines, focusing on the late Spanish to the early American colonial periods. Many government records, newspapers, or books categorized the “Chinese” as either sangley, intsik, Chinese mestizo, or “Chinese/Chino,” in contradistinction to Christianized natives who were labeled as “Indios” and later “Filipinos.” Following dominant and nationalized classifications of race, past scholarship on the Chinese in the Philippines also tended to paint the “Chinese” in the Philippines in a binarist opposition against “Filipinos.” The essentialization of ethnicities has resulted in the perpetuation of a homogenized and monolithic “Chinese” identity that we see in the country today. Using government and non-government publications from the period under study, this paper seeks to demonstrate the power dynamic at particular moments in Philippine society that has led to the reification, reinvention, and reconfiguration of what it means to be “Chinese.”","PeriodicalId":45296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnicity","volume":"24 1","pages":"7 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14631369.2021.1941755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41731322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-17DOI: 10.1080/14631369.2021.1941754
J. C. Velasco, Jeremy C. De Chavez
ABSTRACT This paper examines enduring fears and anxieties about ‘Chineseness’ that widely and persistently circulate in the Philippine cultural imaginary. Chinese Filipinos have historically been implicated in a prejudicial politics of recognition within the Philippine postcolonial state, which has attempted to forge a national identity through problematic notions of ethnic and cultural purity. To undermine what Franz Fanon calls the pitfalls of national consciousness, scholars have often turned to concepts such as syncretism and hybridity, which celebrates heterogeneity and diversity as it opposes essentialism and purity. The agenda of this paper, however, is to examine the forces that generate obstacles to an affirmative politics of cultural assimilation and belonging. Toward that goal, we offer a symptomatic reading of the film Feng Shui (2004), which we suggest condenses anxieties about Chineseness that circulate in the Philippine cultural imaginary, anxieties that amplify difference and potentially undermine the reparative force of hybridity.
{"title":"Enduring fears: the monstrosity of Chinese Filipinos in Chito Roño’s Feng Shui (2004)","authors":"J. C. Velasco, Jeremy C. De Chavez","doi":"10.1080/14631369.2021.1941754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2021.1941754","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines enduring fears and anxieties about ‘Chineseness’ that widely and persistently circulate in the Philippine cultural imaginary. Chinese Filipinos have historically been implicated in a prejudicial politics of recognition within the Philippine postcolonial state, which has attempted to forge a national identity through problematic notions of ethnic and cultural purity. To undermine what Franz Fanon calls the pitfalls of national consciousness, scholars have often turned to concepts such as syncretism and hybridity, which celebrates heterogeneity and diversity as it opposes essentialism and purity. The agenda of this paper, however, is to examine the forces that generate obstacles to an affirmative politics of cultural assimilation and belonging. Toward that goal, we offer a symptomatic reading of the film Feng Shui (2004), which we suggest condenses anxieties about Chineseness that circulate in the Philippine cultural imaginary, anxieties that amplify difference and potentially undermine the reparative force of hybridity.","PeriodicalId":45296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnicity","volume":"24 1","pages":"541 - 553"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14631369.2021.1941754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47423314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14631369.2020.1771171
S. Pradhan
ABSTRACT The paper deals with the empirical category of Sikkim Subject, now a special category of Indian citizens. It traces the path of the citizenship project in Sikkim, which remained insulated from the processes of India’s citizenship regime from 1975. The paper further analyses evolving citizenship discourse from the framework of acquiring citizenship through the incorporation of foreign territories by India after the commencement of the Indian Constitution, 1950, and the Indian Citizenship Act, 1955. One such encounter, the Sikkim Citizenship Order of 1975, highlights the evolving tensions associated with the practical imperatives of Indian citizenship often exacerbated by anti-immigrant movements in parts of North East India. The paper argues that Indian citizenship, liberal in its foundations, which situates individual equality as the unit of citizenship analysis converge with the differentiated model of citizenship with group and community-cultural rights in a historical specificity in Sikkim.
{"title":"Subject and citizen: the ‘Sikkim Subject’ in Indian democracy","authors":"S. Pradhan","doi":"10.1080/14631369.2020.1771171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2020.1771171","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper deals with the empirical category of Sikkim Subject, now a special category of Indian citizens. It traces the path of the citizenship project in Sikkim, which remained insulated from the processes of India’s citizenship regime from 1975. The paper further analyses evolving citizenship discourse from the framework of acquiring citizenship through the incorporation of foreign territories by India after the commencement of the Indian Constitution, 1950, and the Indian Citizenship Act, 1955. One such encounter, the Sikkim Citizenship Order of 1975, highlights the evolving tensions associated with the practical imperatives of Indian citizenship often exacerbated by anti-immigrant movements in parts of North East India. The paper argues that Indian citizenship, liberal in its foundations, which situates individual equality as the unit of citizenship analysis converge with the differentiated model of citizenship with group and community-cultural rights in a historical specificity in Sikkim.","PeriodicalId":45296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnicity","volume":"22 1","pages":"290 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14631369.2020.1771171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49311403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-24DOI: 10.1080/14631369.2021.1893152
Ming-Kuo Hung
ABSTRACT This article analyzes a Taiwanese learning experience about the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, launching an educational project with 18 Taiwanese high school students to discuss their understanding of race, racism, and social justice. The rationale of analyzing the student participants’ comments rests on critical race theory. After analysis, this study found that Han ethnocentrism functions as a hidden identity and value system to influence the student participants to respond to racial issues. Han ethnocentrism caused the participants focusing on the racial experiences in Han groups and narrowed their understandings to the world. However, the result of this research also indicated that with a proper introduction, participants were willing and capable of developing racial sensitivity and affirmative attitudes about social justice toward minorities in Taiwan, such as Taiwanese Aboriginals and Southeast Asian migrant workers.
{"title":"Teaching the U.S. civil rights movement and its legacy in Taiwan: an exploration of racial awareness in a Taiwanese high school class","authors":"Ming-Kuo Hung","doi":"10.1080/14631369.2021.1893152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2021.1893152","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyzes a Taiwanese learning experience about the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, launching an educational project with 18 Taiwanese high school students to discuss their understanding of race, racism, and social justice. The rationale of analyzing the student participants’ comments rests on critical race theory. After analysis, this study found that Han ethnocentrism functions as a hidden identity and value system to influence the student participants to respond to racial issues. Han ethnocentrism caused the participants focusing on the racial experiences in Han groups and narrowed their understandings to the world. However, the result of this research also indicated that with a proper introduction, participants were willing and capable of developing racial sensitivity and affirmative attitudes about social justice toward minorities in Taiwan, such as Taiwanese Aboriginals and Southeast Asian migrant workers.","PeriodicalId":45296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnicity","volume":"23 1","pages":"697 - 717"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14631369.2021.1893152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44637101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-16DOI: 10.1080/14631369.2021.1889356
Arizka Warganegara, P. Waley
ABSTRACT This paper discusses the political legacies of transmigration in local elections in Indonesia. Lampung province has an unusual ethnic make-up because in the past 100 years both the Dutch colonial administration and Indonesian Government have been implementing a transmigration programme. Transmigration has therefore changed the demographic pattern of Lampung. Since 2005, the mode of local election has been changed from indirect to direct. As a consequence of this, there is a revival of ethnic identity politics in local elections. In this paper, we focus on a transmigration affected area where the descendants of Javanese transmigrants are numerically dominant and correspondingly powerful in local politics. This research leads us to argue that ethnicity has become an important factor in local elections and that in transmigration affected areas it has led to the political domination of Javanese transmigrant descendants in local politics. We further to show how, in response to this, native Lampungese elites have adopted a number of strategies to help them retain a role in local politics. Our argument runs contrary to that of some scholars who have claimed that ethnicity is playing a diminishing role in Indonesian local elections.
{"title":"The political legacies of transmigration and the dynamics of ethnic politics: a case study from Lampung, Indonesia","authors":"Arizka Warganegara, P. Waley","doi":"10.1080/14631369.2021.1889356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2021.1889356","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper discusses the political legacies of transmigration in local elections in Indonesia. Lampung province has an unusual ethnic make-up because in the past 100 years both the Dutch colonial administration and Indonesian Government have been implementing a transmigration programme. Transmigration has therefore changed the demographic pattern of Lampung. Since 2005, the mode of local election has been changed from indirect to direct. As a consequence of this, there is a revival of ethnic identity politics in local elections. In this paper, we focus on a transmigration affected area where the descendants of Javanese transmigrants are numerically dominant and correspondingly powerful in local politics. This research leads us to argue that ethnicity has become an important factor in local elections and that in transmigration affected areas it has led to the political domination of Javanese transmigrant descendants in local politics. We further to show how, in response to this, native Lampungese elites have adopted a number of strategies to help them retain a role in local politics. Our argument runs contrary to that of some scholars who have claimed that ethnicity is playing a diminishing role in Indonesian local elections.","PeriodicalId":45296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnicity","volume":"23 1","pages":"676 - 696"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14631369.2021.1889356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43784054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-09DOI: 10.1080/14631369.2021.1886579
Radhika Kumar
ABSTRACT The most recent demand for reservation quotas in India has come from the regionally dominant castes of the Jats and Patidars in the arena of education and employment. However, given their status as ‘dominant’ castes, it is paradoxical that these castes are claiming a ‘backward’ status. This demand raises questions of two kinds. Firstly, what is the nature of caste identity that they wish to leverage for purposes of gaining access to state quotas? Secondly, what are the different ways in which identities, expectations and mobilisations are shaped by electoral politics? The paper argues that ethnic identities are fluid which take on newer features and markers as they interact with categories of recognition that the state establishes. These negotiations have been exacerbated by electoral politics and the policy of economic liberalisation which have together upset dominant caste equations.
{"title":"Fluid identities, contested categories: Jats, Patels and the demand for reservation in India","authors":"Radhika Kumar","doi":"10.1080/14631369.2021.1886579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2021.1886579","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The most recent demand for reservation quotas in India has come from the regionally dominant castes of the Jats and Patidars in the arena of education and employment. However, given their status as ‘dominant’ castes, it is paradoxical that these castes are claiming a ‘backward’ status. This demand raises questions of two kinds. Firstly, what is the nature of caste identity that they wish to leverage for purposes of gaining access to state quotas? Secondly, what are the different ways in which identities, expectations and mobilisations are shaped by electoral politics? The paper argues that ethnic identities are fluid which take on newer features and markers as they interact with categories of recognition that the state establishes. These negotiations have been exacerbated by electoral politics and the policy of economic liberalisation which have together upset dominant caste equations.","PeriodicalId":45296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnicity","volume":"23 1","pages":"658 - 675"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14631369.2021.1886579","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46697304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：