Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.1080/14631369.2022.2120455
M. Bhowmik, K. Kennedy, J. Gube, Joan S K Chung
ABSTRACT Hong Kong experienced unprecedented political and social turmoil starting in June 2019. The original impetus was a proposed law that would have enabled the extradition of Hong Kong residents to Mainland China. The focus of previous work relating to the consequent social movement that opposed the law has been on the engagement of the dominant Chinese population. Little attention has been paid to the attitudes or experiences of Hong Kong’s minoritised communities. This paper, therefore, shifts the focus of research to those communities, who are resident in Hong Kong but many of them are not Chinese citizens. The interviews with twenty-five study participants revealed multiple views of the social movement ranging from those who were in full support to those who were wary of the social movement because of its potential to impinge on an already fragile social context. The conundrum of providing education for the city’s ‘non-citizens’ is discussed.
{"title":"Minoritised communities and Hong Kong’s ‘summer of uprising’: attitudes and engagement without citizenship","authors":"M. Bhowmik, K. Kennedy, J. Gube, Joan S K Chung","doi":"10.1080/14631369.2022.2120455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2022.2120455","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hong Kong experienced unprecedented political and social turmoil starting in June 2019. The original impetus was a proposed law that would have enabled the extradition of Hong Kong residents to Mainland China. The focus of previous work relating to the consequent social movement that opposed the law has been on the engagement of the dominant Chinese population. Little attention has been paid to the attitudes or experiences of Hong Kong’s minoritised communities. This paper, therefore, shifts the focus of research to those communities, who are resident in Hong Kong but many of them are not Chinese citizens. The interviews with twenty-five study participants revealed multiple views of the social movement ranging from those who were in full support to those who were wary of the social movement because of its potential to impinge on an already fragile social context. The conundrum of providing education for the city’s ‘non-citizens’ is discussed.","PeriodicalId":45296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnicity","volume":"24 1","pages":"199 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44787348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.1080/14631369.2022.2089094
R. Karimova
principle of res judicata. The Sarbanda Sonowal judgment, according to Bhat, is ‘unrealisticeven cruel-evidentiary demands on people who are often poor, illiterate and without access to government documents’ (p.182). Hence, citizenship in India has turned merely into an enquiry of evidence rather than belongingness that is termed as ‘tyranny of documents’ in the book. The last part of this section recommends the state to apply certain measures with fair legal rules of evidence in order to make the judicial process inclusive and reliable. The later sections of the book move towards the pan-Indian level discussing the implications of CAA and NRC on vulnerable and marginalized citizens. It portrays the duality in citizenship regime in India where refugee status is accorded to certain selected communities by pushing the Muslims at abeyance. The book further urges India’s stand on the refugee protection formula, where already being a signatory to the Global Compact on Refugees, 2018, the country should adopt a humanitarian, if not majoritarian, perspective in according belongingness to its people. Finally, the concluding section looks in to the contestations around the CAA-NRC-NPR trinity where the government, as protesters put it, is attempting to disenfranchise a particular community based on religion. The power to disenfranchise a person permits executive to victimize genuine Indian citizens, thereby cutting their legal personality. These contestations, as argued in the book, need certain exercises to be adjudicated upon so as to understand the consequences of statelessness in India in general and Assam in particular. In sum, the book is a detailed work on the contested citizenship in India, particularly from the legislative, executive and judicial standpoint with comprehensive theoretical underpinnings. However, the book limits its eyes only on the Muslim minority question in the entire debate on citizenship by ignoring the nationality question of Assam. Besides, the book vehemently critics the NRC process conducted in Assam without placing immigration in the context. Moreover, citizenship debate in India can’t be justified only from the prism of religion but through multidimensional issues that have been shaping the social, cultural and political values. Yet, the book is oriented towards cosmopolitan outlook with a humanitarian perspective, which would be beneficial for those having keen interest to understand the citizenship debate in India.
{"title":"Tiurki i irantsi v Tanskoi imperii [Turks and Iranians in the Tang Empire]","authors":"R. Karimova","doi":"10.1080/14631369.2022.2089094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2022.2089094","url":null,"abstract":"principle of res judicata. The Sarbanda Sonowal judgment, according to Bhat, is ‘unrealisticeven cruel-evidentiary demands on people who are often poor, illiterate and without access to government documents’ (p.182). Hence, citizenship in India has turned merely into an enquiry of evidence rather than belongingness that is termed as ‘tyranny of documents’ in the book. The last part of this section recommends the state to apply certain measures with fair legal rules of evidence in order to make the judicial process inclusive and reliable. The later sections of the book move towards the pan-Indian level discussing the implications of CAA and NRC on vulnerable and marginalized citizens. It portrays the duality in citizenship regime in India where refugee status is accorded to certain selected communities by pushing the Muslims at abeyance. The book further urges India’s stand on the refugee protection formula, where already being a signatory to the Global Compact on Refugees, 2018, the country should adopt a humanitarian, if not majoritarian, perspective in according belongingness to its people. Finally, the concluding section looks in to the contestations around the CAA-NRC-NPR trinity where the government, as protesters put it, is attempting to disenfranchise a particular community based on religion. The power to disenfranchise a person permits executive to victimize genuine Indian citizens, thereby cutting their legal personality. These contestations, as argued in the book, need certain exercises to be adjudicated upon so as to understand the consequences of statelessness in India in general and Assam in particular. In sum, the book is a detailed work on the contested citizenship in India, particularly from the legislative, executive and judicial standpoint with comprehensive theoretical underpinnings. However, the book limits its eyes only on the Muslim minority question in the entire debate on citizenship by ignoring the nationality question of Assam. Besides, the book vehemently critics the NRC process conducted in Assam without placing immigration in the context. Moreover, citizenship debate in India can’t be justified only from the prism of religion but through multidimensional issues that have been shaping the social, cultural and political values. Yet, the book is oriented towards cosmopolitan outlook with a humanitarian perspective, which would be beneficial for those having keen interest to understand the citizenship debate in India.","PeriodicalId":45296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnicity","volume":"24 1","pages":"320 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48755329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-17DOI: 10.1080/14631369.2022.2089093
Shaokhai Mayirnao, Sinalei Khayi
ABSTRACT Feasts of Merit is a cultural phenomenon practised by several communities specific to their customs, traditions, and culture in different parts of the world. Whether or not the terminology is a colonial construct and/or a misnomer remains contestable. In the Tangkhul Naga context, the translation or notion of marān kasā as mere Feasts of Merit is a misnomer. Feast (of Merit) is only constitutive of marān kasā; thus, a part of a whole cannot be said to be the whole. This paper attempts to emancipate marān kasā from the coloniality of Feasts of Merit by debunking the colonial metanarrative; through the enunciation of socio-religious significance and culturo-educational functions of marān kasā that are manifestations of a deeper Tangkhul Naga, thus Naga, philosophy.
{"title":"Decolonising feasts of merit: reasoning Marān Kasā from a Tangkhul Naga perspective","authors":"Shaokhai Mayirnao, Sinalei Khayi","doi":"10.1080/14631369.2022.2089093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2022.2089093","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Feasts of Merit is a cultural phenomenon practised by several communities specific to their customs, traditions, and culture in different parts of the world. Whether or not the terminology is a colonial construct and/or a misnomer remains contestable. In the Tangkhul Naga context, the translation or notion of marān kasā as mere Feasts of Merit is a misnomer. Feast (of Merit) is only constitutive of marān kasā; thus, a part of a whole cannot be said to be the whole. This paper attempts to emancipate marān kasā from the coloniality of Feasts of Merit by debunking the colonial metanarrative; through the enunciation of socio-religious significance and culturo-educational functions of marān kasā that are manifestations of a deeper Tangkhul Naga, thus Naga, philosophy.","PeriodicalId":45296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnicity","volume":"24 1","pages":"258 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44845016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.1080/14631369.2022.2085077
P. Ganeshpandian
has previously been promoted in Kandon by Khamleuane, is not mentioned. It would have been interesting to have learned more about this important topic, and how the Katu in New Kandon understood attempts by some to promote Katu literacy. Ultimately, however, there is much to celebrate in Projectland, and I highly recommend it for those who want to learn more about how ethnic minorities interact with nation-building efforts in rural Laos.
{"title":"The War on the Uyghurs: China’s Internal Campaign Against a Muslim Minority","authors":"P. Ganeshpandian","doi":"10.1080/14631369.2022.2085077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2022.2085077","url":null,"abstract":"has previously been promoted in Kandon by Khamleuane, is not mentioned. It would have been interesting to have learned more about this important topic, and how the Katu in New Kandon understood attempts by some to promote Katu literacy. Ultimately, however, there is much to celebrate in Projectland, and I highly recommend it for those who want to learn more about how ethnic minorities interact with nation-building efforts in rural Laos.","PeriodicalId":45296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnicity","volume":"23 1","pages":"831 - 834"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46256471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-02DOI: 10.1080/14631369.2022.2084360
Mikko Toivanen
ABSTRACT This paper examines attempts by colonial authorities in nineteenth-century Singapore and Batavia (now Jakarta) to employ ceremonial processions to manage the ethnic diversity of these two major colonial capitals. Public spectacles formed a key forum for the reinforcement of ethnic categories and the negotiation of inter-community relations in the context of the colonial city. The paper looks at two case studies: the procession on the occasion of the arrival of governor-general Jan Jacob Rochussen in Batavia in 1845, and a second one celebrating the Duke of Edinburgh’s visit in Singapore in 1869. The analysis shows how these events attempted to fix ethnic categories spatially on the maps of the respective cities. Comparing the two events to a Malay account of the 1864 Muharram celebrations, the article also analyses the different ways that official and community-led processions employed mobility, visuality and sound to represent ethnicity and inter-community relations or hierarchies.
{"title":"The colonial city in motion: managing ethnic diversity through public processions in Singapore and Batavia, 1840-1870","authors":"Mikko Toivanen","doi":"10.1080/14631369.2022.2084360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2022.2084360","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines attempts by colonial authorities in nineteenth-century Singapore and Batavia (now Jakarta) to employ ceremonial processions to manage the ethnic diversity of these two major colonial capitals. Public spectacles formed a key forum for the reinforcement of ethnic categories and the negotiation of inter-community relations in the context of the colonial city. The paper looks at two case studies: the procession on the occasion of the arrival of governor-general Jan Jacob Rochussen in Batavia in 1845, and a second one celebrating the Duke of Edinburgh’s visit in Singapore in 1869. The analysis shows how these events attempted to fix ethnic categories spatially on the maps of the respective cities. Comparing the two events to a Malay account of the 1864 Muharram celebrations, the article also analyses the different ways that official and community-led processions employed mobility, visuality and sound to represent ethnicity and inter-community relations or hierarchies.","PeriodicalId":45296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnicity","volume":"24 1","pages":"523 - 543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44642902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.1080/14631369.2022.2082921
Gowoon Jung
ABSTRACT Researchers have argued that religion has direct and indirect connections with nationalism, and they have called for conceptual clarity about the role of religion in the construction of nationalism. I extend the insights of this scholarship into reevaluating the alteration of ethnic nationalism in Korea. Drawing on interviews with evangelical Protestant women attending a megachurch in Seoul, this study explores who evangelical women are willing to include as members of Korea and in what conditions the women are inclined to include these individuals. My findings suggest that women use evangelical mission work as a rhetorical device to create a broader membership category, regardless of skin color, to imagine members of Korea. Women’s participation in volunteer works shapes their expectation of immigrants’ appreciation of Korean language, food, and civic etiquette. Challenging the prevalent view that ethnic nationalism is declining, I argue that it has survived but shifted its focus from bloodline to ethnic culture.
{"title":"Remaking ethnic nationalism: evangelical protestant women’s discourses of multiculturalism in South Korea","authors":"Gowoon Jung","doi":"10.1080/14631369.2022.2082921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2022.2082921","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Researchers have argued that religion has direct and indirect connections with nationalism, and they have called for conceptual clarity about the role of religion in the construction of nationalism. I extend the insights of this scholarship into reevaluating the alteration of ethnic nationalism in Korea. Drawing on interviews with evangelical Protestant women attending a megachurch in Seoul, this study explores who evangelical women are willing to include as members of Korea and in what conditions the women are inclined to include these individuals. My findings suggest that women use evangelical mission work as a rhetorical device to create a broader membership category, regardless of skin color, to imagine members of Korea. Women’s participation in volunteer works shapes their expectation of immigrants’ appreciation of Korean language, food, and civic etiquette. Challenging the prevalent view that ethnic nationalism is declining, I argue that it has survived but shifted its focus from bloodline to ethnic culture.","PeriodicalId":45296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnicity","volume":"24 1","pages":"181 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46801750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.1080/14631369.2022.2082374
Zarine L. Rocha, B. Yeoh
ABSTRACT While no longer associated with colonial economic and political privilege, Peranakan Chinese identity is now often viewed as an ‘authentic’ heritage in contemporary Singapore that is made visible through hybrid cultural and material markers. But for the Peranakan community, what does it mean to be authentically Peranakan in post-colonial Singapore? This paper explores concepts of hybridity and authenticity for Peranakan individuals, highlighting how being Peranakan is informed by ideas of belonging, mixedness and purity, from being ‘true blue’ to generational shifts towards being part Peranakan. Drawing on critical mixed race theory, the paper provides an historical overview of Peranakan identity in the region, tracing how ‘authentic’ Peranakan-ness has changed over time. Using a series of narrative interviews with self-identified Peranakan individuals across three generations, the paper explores public and private representations of identity, and how mixedness and purity are seen as being ‘authentic’ aspects of Peranakan culture.
{"title":"‘True blue’ or part Peranakan? Peranakan Chinese identity, mixedness and authenticity in Singapore","authors":"Zarine L. Rocha, B. Yeoh","doi":"10.1080/14631369.2022.2082374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2022.2082374","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While no longer associated with colonial economic and political privilege, Peranakan Chinese identity is now often viewed as an ‘authentic’ heritage in contemporary Singapore that is made visible through hybrid cultural and material markers. But for the Peranakan community, what does it mean to be authentically Peranakan in post-colonial Singapore? This paper explores concepts of hybridity and authenticity for Peranakan individuals, highlighting how being Peranakan is informed by ideas of belonging, mixedness and purity, from being ‘true blue’ to generational shifts towards being part Peranakan. Drawing on critical mixed race theory, the paper provides an historical overview of Peranakan identity in the region, tracing how ‘authentic’ Peranakan-ness has changed over time. Using a series of narrative interviews with self-identified Peranakan individuals across three generations, the paper explores public and private representations of identity, and how mixedness and purity are seen as being ‘authentic’ aspects of Peranakan culture.","PeriodicalId":45296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnicity","volume":"23 1","pages":"803 - 827"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42453931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1080/14631369.2022.2082920
R. Tan
ABSTRACT Through a study of Singapore’s integration and naturalisation processes, this paper examines how the Singaporean state has negotiated the twin challenges of embracing cultural pluralism in its population while also forming a common national identity. Employing Benedict Anderson’s conception of ‘bound serialities’, it argues that the Singaporean state has developed a framework of multiracialism to imagine the Singaporean nation through three serialities or collective identities. First, the Chinese, Malay, Indian and Other (CMIO) categories organise individuals into groups that have clear cultural identities. Second, the CMIO categories constitute a fixed image of the multicultural Singaporean nation. Third, being Singaporean requires an ethos of accepting the cultural differences that the CMIO structure represents. However, such a top-down imagining of the multicultural nation is increasingly challenged by the arrival of new citizens who embody alternative imaginings of their own ethnic and national identities, raising questions about the continued effectiveness of Singapore’s multiracialism.
{"title":"Renegotiating multiracialism: the grassroots integration of new migrants’ ethnic identities in Singapore","authors":"R. Tan","doi":"10.1080/14631369.2022.2082920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2022.2082920","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Through a study of Singapore’s integration and naturalisation processes, this paper examines how the Singaporean state has negotiated the twin challenges of embracing cultural pluralism in its population while also forming a common national identity. Employing Benedict Anderson’s conception of ‘bound serialities’, it argues that the Singaporean state has developed a framework of multiracialism to imagine the Singaporean nation through three serialities or collective identities. First, the Chinese, Malay, Indian and Other (CMIO) categories organise individuals into groups that have clear cultural identities. Second, the CMIO categories constitute a fixed image of the multicultural Singaporean nation. Third, being Singaporean requires an ethos of accepting the cultural differences that the CMIO structure represents. However, such a top-down imagining of the multicultural nation is increasingly challenged by the arrival of new citizens who embody alternative imaginings of their own ethnic and national identities, raising questions about the continued effectiveness of Singapore’s multiracialism.","PeriodicalId":45296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnicity","volume":"24 1","pages":"610 - 631"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45699649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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