Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1017/S0268416021000187
Jennifer Wallis
primary focus remains on white working-class men and their families. For this reason, the book provides a starting point for scholars embarking on new comparative studies at the intersection of race, class, and gender. Historians of society and the family will find Injury Impoverished valuable, as it reveals the wider impact of workplace injury on a community, and how legal frameworks have a direct and lasting impact on a society. This provides an important and much-needed focus on the experiences of disabled individuals. The book also restores the lived human experience often missing from many economic or legal investigations of workplace injury by encouraging the reader to consider the individual, their perspectives, and their relationships (p. 117). The author successfully traces the multitude of losses associated with an injury, including not only the affected body parts, but also the feelings and thoughts of survivors, as well as the consequences of their injury on family, finances, and future.
{"title":"Leonard Smith, Private Madhouses in England, 1640–1815: Commercialised Care for the Insane (Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020). Pages xix + 323 + figures 12 + tables 3. £64.99 hardback, £51.99 ebook.","authors":"Jennifer Wallis","doi":"10.1017/S0268416021000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0268416021000187","url":null,"abstract":"primary focus remains on white working-class men and their families. For this reason, the book provides a starting point for scholars embarking on new comparative studies at the intersection of race, class, and gender. Historians of society and the family will find Injury Impoverished valuable, as it reveals the wider impact of workplace injury on a community, and how legal frameworks have a direct and lasting impact on a society. This provides an important and much-needed focus on the experiences of disabled individuals. The book also restores the lived human experience often missing from many economic or legal investigations of workplace injury by encouraging the reader to consider the individual, their perspectives, and their relationships (p. 117). The author successfully traces the multitude of losses associated with an injury, including not only the affected body parts, but also the feelings and thoughts of survivors, as well as the consequences of their injury on family, finances, and future.","PeriodicalId":45309,"journal":{"name":"Continuity and Change","volume":"36 1","pages":"261 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41384660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1017/S0268416021000138
A. Furió
Abstract The literature on the rural economy of the high and late Middle Ages has long established a close correlation between three significant features of the period: the spread of rural credit, the dynamism of the peasant land market and the expropriation of peasant land by the creditors, usually yeomen or urban landowners. There has even been talk for some countries (northern Italy) of a deliberate strategy of territorial conquest, insofar as the credit provided by urban lenders would aim at the expropriation of land from insolvent debtors. This article studies for the Mediterranean Spain of the late Middle Ages, and in particular for the old kingdom of Valencia, other objectives of rural credit and other alternatives to peasant expropriation in case of insolvency. Based on the rich archival holdings of the region, mainly notarial and judicial records, the article studies the dissemination of rural credit, the different modalities (short and long term), the motivations of creditors and debtors, the types of interest, the guarantors and the goods given as collateral for the loans, their confiscation in case of delay or insolvency. It concludes that, unlike elsewhere, the creditors, rather than in land, were interested in rents, that is, in the annuities paid to them by the debtors as interest on the loans obtained. The spread of long-term credit, therefore, not only did not threaten or subvert but also strengthened a system of land ownership, tenure and management based on regular rents extraction.
{"title":"Rents instead of land. Credit and peasant indebtedness in late medieval Mediterranean Iberia: the kingdom of Valencia","authors":"A. Furió","doi":"10.1017/S0268416021000138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0268416021000138","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The literature on the rural economy of the high and late Middle Ages has long established a close correlation between three significant features of the period: the spread of rural credit, the dynamism of the peasant land market and the expropriation of peasant land by the creditors, usually yeomen or urban landowners. There has even been talk for some countries (northern Italy) of a deliberate strategy of territorial conquest, insofar as the credit provided by urban lenders would aim at the expropriation of land from insolvent debtors. This article studies for the Mediterranean Spain of the late Middle Ages, and in particular for the old kingdom of Valencia, other objectives of rural credit and other alternatives to peasant expropriation in case of insolvency. Based on the rich archival holdings of the region, mainly notarial and judicial records, the article studies the dissemination of rural credit, the different modalities (short and long term), the motivations of creditors and debtors, the types of interest, the guarantors and the goods given as collateral for the loans, their confiscation in case of delay or insolvency. It concludes that, unlike elsewhere, the creditors, rather than in land, were interested in rents, that is, in the annuities paid to them by the debtors as interest on the loans obtained. The spread of long-term credit, therefore, not only did not threaten or subvert but also strengthened a system of land ownership, tenure and management based on regular rents extraction.","PeriodicalId":45309,"journal":{"name":"Continuity and Change","volume":"36 1","pages":"177 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48539967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1017/S0268416021000126
M. Arnoux
Abstract The replacement of rents in kind by payments in money is considered by many historians as a marker of the commercialization of the economy and thus of its modernization. The case of medieval Normandy does not confirm this development, however: the sources testify to a common use of money since the end of the eleventh century, but also to the persistence until the fifteenth century of payment in kind, including in the field of credit. The article examines the case of the Caen region, for which there is abundant evidence from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries of annuities purchased with money from peasants in exchange for annual repayments in grain. This system allowed a significant transfer of monetary value to the countryside, while guaranteeing the supply of urban markets and welfare institutions. Although these contracts were usually secured by pledges on plots of land, they did not lead to the expropriation of peasants, but rather promoted the growth of credit markets in the countryside.
{"title":"Credit and investment between town and countryside: the market in grain annuities in Normandy (thirteenth-fourteenth centuries)","authors":"M. Arnoux","doi":"10.1017/S0268416021000126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0268416021000126","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The replacement of rents in kind by payments in money is considered by many historians as a marker of the commercialization of the economy and thus of its modernization. The case of medieval Normandy does not confirm this development, however: the sources testify to a common use of money since the end of the eleventh century, but also to the persistence until the fifteenth century of payment in kind, including in the field of credit. The article examines the case of the Caen region, for which there is abundant evidence from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries of annuities purchased with money from peasants in exchange for annual repayments in grain. This system allowed a significant transfer of monetary value to the countryside, while guaranteeing the supply of urban markets and welfare institutions. Although these contracts were usually secured by pledges on plots of land, they did not lead to the expropriation of peasants, but rather promoted the growth of credit markets in the countryside.","PeriodicalId":45309,"journal":{"name":"Continuity and Change","volume":"36 1","pages":"149 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47485178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1017/S026841602100014X
Amos Nadan
Abstract Exogenous intervention in land ownership began with few court judgments prior to the weighty Land Code in 1858; but it was especially this law which officially overturned the status quo by permitting registration of cultivated land in the names of non-cultivators. This changed the rules of the game for the peasantry in Palestine. Informally, yet practically, peasants had been the de facto owners of almost all cultivated lands in Palestine for generations. Following the landmark intervention of 1858, non-peasants seized the opportunity to acquire economic assets. They purchased and confiscated peasant lands or manipulated registration of peasant lands into their own names, and the peasants often became their tenants. The additional purchase of lands by Zionist settlers in latter years, compounded by rural demographic growth, intensified this pressure. By 1930, three-quarters of Arab peasants in Palestine cultivated lands they no longer formally owned, while others were pushed to migrate to cities.
{"title":"The route from informal peasant landownership to formal tenancy and eviction in Palestine, 1800s–1947","authors":"Amos Nadan","doi":"10.1017/S026841602100014X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S026841602100014X","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Exogenous intervention in land ownership began with few court judgments prior to the weighty Land Code in 1858; but it was especially this law which officially overturned the status quo by permitting registration of cultivated land in the names of non-cultivators. This changed the rules of the game for the peasantry in Palestine. Informally, yet practically, peasants had been the de facto owners of almost all cultivated lands in Palestine for generations. Following the landmark intervention of 1858, non-peasants seized the opportunity to acquire economic assets. They purchased and confiscated peasant lands or manipulated registration of peasant lands into their own names, and the peasants often became their tenants. The additional purchase of lands by Zionist settlers in latter years, compounded by rural demographic growth, intensified this pressure. By 1930, three-quarters of Arab peasants in Palestine cultivated lands they no longer formally owned, while others were pushed to migrate to cities.","PeriodicalId":45309,"journal":{"name":"Continuity and Change","volume":"36 1","pages":"233 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45098392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Doors Close and the Doors Open:","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1wvnd1m.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1wvnd1m.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45309,"journal":{"name":"Continuity and Change","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75470194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Our Own Buildings:","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1wvnd1m.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1wvnd1m.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45309,"journal":{"name":"Continuity and Change","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82544573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Time of Transition:","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1wvnd1m.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1wvnd1m.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45309,"journal":{"name":"Continuity and Change","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76097459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.1017/s0268416021000102
{"title":"CON volume 36 issue 1 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0268416021000102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0268416021000102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45309,"journal":{"name":"Continuity and Change","volume":" ","pages":"f1 - f2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0268416021000102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49171636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.1017/s0268416021000072
J. Dyer
Abstract Washerwomen in the Georgian period belonged, for the most part, to the small army of part-time and casual workers who found employment when and where they could. As handlers of one of the most coveted (as well as necessary) commodities of the period they were a focus of interest to a wide range of society and were growing in number as many householders came to rely less on resident domestic servants. Washerwomen were prime players in the ‘economy of makeshifts’, relying on a miscellany of supplementary activities to ‘get by’ and in which they showed both enterprise and agency.
{"title":"Georgian Washerwomen: tales of the tub from the long eighteenth century","authors":"J. Dyer","doi":"10.1017/s0268416021000072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0268416021000072","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Washerwomen in the Georgian period belonged, for the most part, to the small army of part-time and casual workers who found employment when and where they could. As handlers of one of the most coveted (as well as necessary) commodities of the period they were a focus of interest to a wide range of society and were growing in number as many householders came to rely less on resident domestic servants. Washerwomen were prime players in the ‘economy of makeshifts’, relying on a miscellany of supplementary activities to ‘get by’ and in which they showed both enterprise and agency.","PeriodicalId":45309,"journal":{"name":"Continuity and Change","volume":"36 1","pages":"89 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0268416021000072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41476808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.1017/S0268416021000084
J. van der Meulen
Abstract This article charts the long-term development of seigneurial governance within the principality of Guelders in the Low Countries. Proceeding from four quantitative cross-sections (c. 1325, 1475, 1540, 1570) of seigneurial lordships, the conclusion is that seigneurial governance remained stable in late medieval Guelders. The central argument is that this persistence of seigneurial governance was an effect of active collaboration between princely administrations, lords, and local communities. Together, the princely government and seigneuries of Guelders formed an integrated, yet polycentric, state. The article thereby challenges the narrative of progressive state centralisation that predominates in the historiography of pre-modern state formation.
{"title":"Seigneurial governance and the state in late medieval Guelders (14th–16th century)","authors":"J. van der Meulen","doi":"10.1017/S0268416021000084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0268416021000084","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article charts the long-term development of seigneurial governance within the principality of Guelders in the Low Countries. Proceeding from four quantitative cross-sections (c. 1325, 1475, 1540, 1570) of seigneurial lordships, the conclusion is that seigneurial governance remained stable in late medieval Guelders. The central argument is that this persistence of seigneurial governance was an effect of active collaboration between princely administrations, lords, and local communities. Together, the princely government and seigneuries of Guelders formed an integrated, yet polycentric, state. The article thereby challenges the narrative of progressive state centralisation that predominates in the historiography of pre-modern state formation.","PeriodicalId":45309,"journal":{"name":"Continuity and Change","volume":"36 1","pages":"33 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0268416021000084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44903265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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