Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2021.1923906
Michael Freikman, D. Ben‐Shlomo, Y. Garfinkel
This article describes and discusses a stamped sealing found at Middle Chalcolithic Tel Tsaf (5th millennium BCE). This is the earliest stamped sealing found in the southern Levant. The article describes the object, as well as its petrographic composition, find-spot and parallels. Furthermore, the artefact’s implications for the rise of administrative practices in the Levant during the protohistoric periods are discussed.
{"title":"A stamped sealing from Middle Chalcolithic Tel Tsaf: implications for the rise of administrative practices in the Levant","authors":"Michael Freikman, D. Ben‐Shlomo, Y. Garfinkel","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1923906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1923906","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes and discusses a stamped sealing found at Middle Chalcolithic Tel Tsaf (5th millennium BCE). This is the earliest stamped sealing found in the southern Levant. The article describes the object, as well as its petrographic composition, find-spot and parallels. Furthermore, the artefact’s implications for the rise of administrative practices in the Levant during the protohistoric periods are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.2021.1923906","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41418662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2021.1917814
Pierre de Miroschedji
In memory of Jean-Paul Thalmann This paper presents evidence relating to the Early Bronze Age combed vessels of southern Canaan, based mainly on data from Tel Yarmuth. Neglected in previous studies on ‘Combed Ware’, this evidence confirms that combing should be considered as merely a ‘geste technique’. It further suggests that combing and ‘Metallic Ware’ are two distinct aspects with a different spatial and chronological distribution. The practice of combing emerged during EB II in its original core area of northern Canaan and the central Levant, in a milieu of incipient urbanism. In EB III, it spread to southern Canaan, in a context of growing inter-regional exchanges, and to the northern Levant, in the framework of the development of maritime connections between Egypt, Byblos and Ebla.
{"title":"On Early Bronze Age Levantine combed vessels: the view from the south","authors":"Pierre de Miroschedji","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1917814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1917814","url":null,"abstract":"In memory of Jean-Paul Thalmann\u0000 This paper presents evidence relating to the Early Bronze Age combed vessels of southern Canaan, based mainly on data from Tel Yarmuth. Neglected in previous studies on ‘Combed Ware’, this evidence confirms that combing should be considered as merely a ‘geste technique’. It further suggests that combing and ‘Metallic Ware’ are two distinct aspects with a different spatial and chronological distribution. The practice of combing emerged during EB II in its original core area of northern Canaan and the central Levant, in a milieu of incipient urbanism. In EB III, it spread to southern Canaan, in a context of growing inter-regional exchanges, and to the northern Levant, in the framework of the development of maritime connections between Egypt, Byblos and Ebla.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.2021.1917814","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43367109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2021.1935096
I. McElroy
Buildings interact with, influence, and are influenced by other adjacent and nearby buildings and landscape features. Whether intentionally or not, complex spatial, architectural and experiential relationships were created when early churches were built adjacent to non-Christian religious buildings. The cathedral at Gerasa, in northern Jordan, was built adjacent to a Temple of Artemis complex and can only be satisfactorily understood by exploring both the architecture of each complex and the relationships that existed between them. This is achieved through architectural analysis in combination with a user experience-led method, focussing upon how users experienced each complex in light of the other and by considering the impact of civic and religious memory on user understanding. The comparative architectural experiences impacted user understanding of each complex and the institutions represented, while knowledge of the past was appropriated to create bridges between known non-Christian and less well-known Christian contexts and hierarchies.
{"title":"Constructed contrasts and manipulated experiences: the cathedral at Gerasa and its relationship with the adjacent Temple of Artemis complex","authors":"I. McElroy","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1935096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1935096","url":null,"abstract":"Buildings interact with, influence, and are influenced by other adjacent and nearby buildings and landscape features. Whether intentionally or not, complex spatial, architectural and experiential relationships were created when early churches were built adjacent to non-Christian religious buildings. The cathedral at Gerasa, in northern Jordan, was built adjacent to a Temple of Artemis complex and can only be satisfactorily understood by exploring both the architecture of each complex and the relationships that existed between them. This is achieved through architectural analysis in combination with a user experience-led method, focussing upon how users experienced each complex in light of the other and by considering the impact of civic and religious memory on user understanding. The comparative architectural experiences impacted user understanding of each complex and the institutions represented, while knowledge of the past was appropriated to create bridges between known non-Christian and less well-known Christian contexts and hierarchies.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.2021.1935096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45010186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-17DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2020.1840078
Galina Fingarova
Bridges provide safe passage over natural obstacles, primarily over rivers. They form an integral part of hydraulic landscapes and define territories and boundaries. The physical appearance of bridges as structures overwhelming and even 'humiliating' the river has granted them symbolic meanings as triumphal monuments visualizing the conquest of a river and the expansion of state territory, or as a liminal space between opposed worlds. This paper investigates the significance of Late Byzantine bridges (1204-1453) as an architectural and cultural phenomenon. It examines built structures, as well as imagined representations in visual and written sources, in an interdisciplinary framework. The discussion of Byzantine bridges and their comparison to Seljuk and Ottoman monuments emphasizes the significance of this particular class of monument as an expression of power and as a defining element of hydraulic landscapes - both real and imagined.
{"title":"Late Byzantine bridges as markers of imagined landscapes.","authors":"Galina Fingarova","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2020.1840078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2020.1840078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bridges provide safe passage over natural obstacles, primarily over rivers. They form an integral part of hydraulic landscapes and define territories and boundaries. The physical appearance of bridges as structures overwhelming and even 'humiliating' the river has granted them symbolic meanings as triumphal monuments visualizing the conquest of a river and the expansion of state territory, or as a liminal space between opposed worlds. This paper investigates the significance of Late Byzantine bridges (1204-1453) as an architectural and cultural phenomenon. It examines built structures, as well as imagined representations in visual and written sources, in an interdisciplinary framework. The discussion of Byzantine bridges and their comparison to Seljuk and Ottoman monuments emphasizes the significance of this particular class of monument as an expression of power and as a defining element of hydraulic landscapes - both real and imagined.</p>","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.2020.1840078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25518038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-16DOI: 10.1080/00758914.1989.12096544
P. Bienkowski
(1989). The Division of Middle Bronze IIB-C in Palestine. Levant: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 169-179.
(1989)。巴勒斯坦中青铜器IIB-C部。《黎凡特》:第21卷，第1号，第169-179页。
{"title":"The Division of Middle Bronze IIB-C in Palestine","authors":"P. Bienkowski","doi":"10.1080/00758914.1989.12096544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.1989.12096544","url":null,"abstract":"(1989). The Division of Middle Bronze IIB-C in Palestine. Levant: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 169-179.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.1989.12096544","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45827166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Further Observations on the Socio-Demographic Structure of the Intermediate Bronze Age","authors":"I. Finkelstein","doi":"10.1080/00758914.1989.12096542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.1989.12096542","url":null,"abstract":"(1989). Further Observations on the Socio-Demographic Structure of the Intermediate Bronze Age. Levant: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 129-140.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.1989.12096542","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43136940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconsidering Egypt’s Part in the Termination of the Middle Bronze Age in Palestine","authors":"J. K. Hoffmeier","doi":"10.1080/00758914.1989.12096545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.1989.12096545","url":null,"abstract":"(1989). Reconsidering Egypt’s Part in the Termination of the Middle Bronze Age in Palestine. Levant: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 181-193.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.1989.12096545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41343295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-16DOI: 10.1080/00758914.1989.12096541
A. Mcquitty, C. Lenzen
{"title":"An Architectural Study of the Irbid Region with Particular Reference to a Building in Irbid","authors":"A. Mcquitty, C. Lenzen","doi":"10.1080/00758914.1989.12096541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.1989.12096541","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.1989.12096541","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44708713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2021.1910171
Rabei G. Khamisy
The archaeological remains in two Frankish period sites in Western Galilee prove that the 1202 earthquake, which was extensively mentioned in contemporary texts, had significant impact in Galilee. The earthquake was not specifically mentioned as affecting Western Galilee, but the archaeological remains show that it was severe–violent with high intensity, probably VIII+. The damage seems likely to have been great enough to affect the socio-economic situation of the inhabitants, which contributed to the sale of many properties to the Teutonic Order during the 1220s. The shock in Galilee seems likely to have been in a north–south axis
{"title":"Revisited – possible remains of the 1202 earthquake in Galilee: the Frankish village of Castellum Regis/Miʿilyā","authors":"Rabei G. Khamisy","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1910171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1910171","url":null,"abstract":"The archaeological remains in two Frankish period sites in Western Galilee prove that the 1202 earthquake, which was extensively mentioned in contemporary texts, had significant impact in Galilee. The earthquake was not specifically mentioned as affecting Western Galilee, but the archaeological remains show that it was severe–violent with high intensity, probably VIII+. The damage seems likely to have been great enough to affect the socio-economic situation of the inhabitants, which contributed to the sale of many properties to the Teutonic Order during the 1220s. The shock in Galilee seems likely to have been in a north–south axis","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.2021.1910171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44412487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2021.1887647
Simon James, L. Blue, Adam Rogers, Vicki Score
At Dreamer’s Bay on the Akrotiri Peninsula of Cyprus lie remains of what has been interpreted as a, perhaps the main, port for Roman and early Byzantine Kourion. New research reveals a significantly different picture. This was not a nucleated port town as sometimes assumed, but a concentration of maritime facilities with a variety of functions, including an artificially enhanced (but still mediocre) harbour, and shoreline installations partly facilitating Kourion’s commerce in commodities like wine and oil. It was also partly an industrial landscape focused on stone quarries above the bay and, perhaps equally important, a proposed watering and victualling stop for long-haul shipping between the Aegean, Egypt and the Levant. Dreamer’s Bay was hardly a distinct ‘site’ or ‘place’, but rather a commercial/industrial zone forming part of an integrated landscape of settlement and activity spanning the entire peninsula, which itself constituted a major maritime crossroads in the eastern Mediterranean.
{"title":"From phantom town to maritime cultural landscape and beyond: Dreamer’s Bay Roman-Byzantine ‘port’, the Akrotiri Peninsula, Cyprus, and eastern Mediterranean maritime communications","authors":"Simon James, L. Blue, Adam Rogers, Vicki Score","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1887647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1887647","url":null,"abstract":"At Dreamer’s Bay on the Akrotiri Peninsula of Cyprus lie remains of what has been interpreted as a, perhaps the main, port for Roman and early Byzantine Kourion. New research reveals a significantly different picture. This was not a nucleated port town as sometimes assumed, but a concentration of maritime facilities with a variety of functions, including an artificially enhanced (but still mediocre) harbour, and shoreline installations partly facilitating Kourion’s commerce in commodities like wine and oil. It was also partly an industrial landscape focused on stone quarries above the bay and, perhaps equally important, a proposed watering and victualling stop for long-haul shipping between the Aegean, Egypt and the Levant. Dreamer’s Bay was hardly a distinct ‘site’ or ‘place’, but rather a commercial/industrial zone forming part of an integrated landscape of settlement and activity spanning the entire peninsula, which itself constituted a major maritime crossroads in the eastern Mediterranean.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.2021.1887647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45867607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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