Pub Date : 2020-11-17DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2020.1840078
Galina Fingarova
Bridges provide safe passage over natural obstacles, primarily over rivers. They form an integral part of hydraulic landscapes and define territories and boundaries. The physical appearance of bridges as structures overwhelming and even 'humiliating' the river has granted them symbolic meanings as triumphal monuments visualizing the conquest of a river and the expansion of state territory, or as a liminal space between opposed worlds. This paper investigates the significance of Late Byzantine bridges (1204-1453) as an architectural and cultural phenomenon. It examines built structures, as well as imagined representations in visual and written sources, in an interdisciplinary framework. The discussion of Byzantine bridges and their comparison to Seljuk and Ottoman monuments emphasizes the significance of this particular class of monument as an expression of power and as a defining element of hydraulic landscapes - both real and imagined.
{"title":"Late Byzantine bridges as markers of imagined landscapes.","authors":"Galina Fingarova","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2020.1840078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2020.1840078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bridges provide safe passage over natural obstacles, primarily over rivers. They form an integral part of hydraulic landscapes and define territories and boundaries. The physical appearance of bridges as structures overwhelming and even 'humiliating' the river has granted them symbolic meanings as triumphal monuments visualizing the conquest of a river and the expansion of state territory, or as a liminal space between opposed worlds. This paper investigates the significance of Late Byzantine bridges (1204-1453) as an architectural and cultural phenomenon. It examines built structures, as well as imagined representations in visual and written sources, in an interdisciplinary framework. The discussion of Byzantine bridges and their comparison to Seljuk and Ottoman monuments emphasizes the significance of this particular class of monument as an expression of power and as a defining element of hydraulic landscapes - both real and imagined.</p>","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":"51 2","pages":"151-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.2020.1840078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25518038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-16DOI: 10.1080/00758914.1989.12096544
P. Bienkowski
(1989). The Division of Middle Bronze IIB-C in Palestine. Levant: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 169-179.
(1989)。巴勒斯坦中青铜器IIB-C部。《黎凡特》:第21卷，第1号，第169-179页。
{"title":"The Division of Middle Bronze IIB-C in Palestine","authors":"P. Bienkowski","doi":"10.1080/00758914.1989.12096544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.1989.12096544","url":null,"abstract":"(1989). The Division of Middle Bronze IIB-C in Palestine. Levant: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 169-179.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":"1 1","pages":"169-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.1989.12096544","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45827166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Further Observations on the Socio-Demographic Structure of the Intermediate Bronze Age","authors":"I. Finkelstein","doi":"10.1080/00758914.1989.12096542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.1989.12096542","url":null,"abstract":"(1989). Further Observations on the Socio-Demographic Structure of the Intermediate Bronze Age. Levant: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 129-140.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":"1 1","pages":"129-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.1989.12096542","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43136940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-16DOI: 10.1080/00758914.1989.12096541
A. Mcquitty, C. Lenzen
{"title":"An Architectural Study of the Irbid Region with Particular Reference to a Building in Irbid","authors":"A. Mcquitty, C. Lenzen","doi":"10.1080/00758914.1989.12096541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.1989.12096541","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":"1 1","pages":"119-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.1989.12096541","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44708713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconsidering Egypt’s Part in the Termination of the Middle Bronze Age in Palestine","authors":"J. K. Hoffmeier","doi":"10.1080/00758914.1989.12096545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.1989.12096545","url":null,"abstract":"(1989). Reconsidering Egypt’s Part in the Termination of the Middle Bronze Age in Palestine. Levant: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 181-193.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":"1 1","pages":"181-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.1989.12096545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41343295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2021.1910171
Rabei G. Khamisy
The archaeological remains in two Frankish period sites in Western Galilee prove that the 1202 earthquake, which was extensively mentioned in contemporary texts, had significant impact in Galilee. The earthquake was not specifically mentioned as affecting Western Galilee, but the archaeological remains show that it was severe–violent with high intensity, probably VIII+. The damage seems likely to have been great enough to affect the socio-economic situation of the inhabitants, which contributed to the sale of many properties to the Teutonic Order during the 1220s. The shock in Galilee seems likely to have been in a north–south axis
{"title":"Revisited – possible remains of the 1202 earthquake in Galilee: the Frankish village of Castellum Regis/Miʿilyā","authors":"Rabei G. Khamisy","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1910171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1910171","url":null,"abstract":"The archaeological remains in two Frankish period sites in Western Galilee prove that the 1202 earthquake, which was extensively mentioned in contemporary texts, had significant impact in Galilee. The earthquake was not specifically mentioned as affecting Western Galilee, but the archaeological remains show that it was severe–violent with high intensity, probably VIII+. The damage seems likely to have been great enough to affect the socio-economic situation of the inhabitants, which contributed to the sale of many properties to the Teutonic Order during the 1220s. The shock in Galilee seems likely to have been in a north–south axis","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":"52 1","pages":"361 - 381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.2021.1910171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44412487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2021.1887647
Simon James, L. Blue, Adam Rogers, Vicki Score
At Dreamer’s Bay on the Akrotiri Peninsula of Cyprus lie remains of what has been interpreted as a, perhaps the main, port for Roman and early Byzantine Kourion. New research reveals a significantly different picture. This was not a nucleated port town as sometimes assumed, but a concentration of maritime facilities with a variety of functions, including an artificially enhanced (but still mediocre) harbour, and shoreline installations partly facilitating Kourion’s commerce in commodities like wine and oil. It was also partly an industrial landscape focused on stone quarries above the bay and, perhaps equally important, a proposed watering and victualling stop for long-haul shipping between the Aegean, Egypt and the Levant. Dreamer’s Bay was hardly a distinct ‘site’ or ‘place’, but rather a commercial/industrial zone forming part of an integrated landscape of settlement and activity spanning the entire peninsula, which itself constituted a major maritime crossroads in the eastern Mediterranean.
{"title":"From phantom town to maritime cultural landscape and beyond: Dreamer’s Bay Roman-Byzantine ‘port’, the Akrotiri Peninsula, Cyprus, and eastern Mediterranean maritime communications","authors":"Simon James, L. Blue, Adam Rogers, Vicki Score","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1887647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1887647","url":null,"abstract":"At Dreamer’s Bay on the Akrotiri Peninsula of Cyprus lie remains of what has been interpreted as a, perhaps the main, port for Roman and early Byzantine Kourion. New research reveals a significantly different picture. This was not a nucleated port town as sometimes assumed, but a concentration of maritime facilities with a variety of functions, including an artificially enhanced (but still mediocre) harbour, and shoreline installations partly facilitating Kourion’s commerce in commodities like wine and oil. It was also partly an industrial landscape focused on stone quarries above the bay and, perhaps equally important, a proposed watering and victualling stop for long-haul shipping between the Aegean, Egypt and the Levant. Dreamer’s Bay was hardly a distinct ‘site’ or ‘place’, but rather a commercial/industrial zone forming part of an integrated landscape of settlement and activity spanning the entire peninsula, which itself constituted a major maritime crossroads in the eastern Mediterranean.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":"52 1","pages":"337 - 360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.2021.1887647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45867607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2021.1890400
M. Amadio, E. Boaretto, L. Bombardieri
Abandonment sequences at Middle Bronze Age Erimi have been examined using integrated stratigraphic analysis and high-resolution microarchaeological techniques, with the aim of investigating the environmental processes and socio-cultural practices that impacted on the abandonment of buildings and settlement areas. The data revealed the occurrence of two distinct processes: gradual structural degradation and rapid destruction by a fire event. Destruction sequences within burnt buildings were examined to identify the temperatures to which sediments had been exposed and to reconstruct the conflagration event. Resulting data are discussed in the context of Middle Bronze Age Cyprus, in a preliminary consideration of the ideological implications of the identified abandonment practices.
{"title":"Abandonment practices through the microscope lens. Microarchaeological data from Middle Bronze Age Erimi, Cyprus","authors":"M. Amadio, E. Boaretto, L. Bombardieri","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1890400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1890400","url":null,"abstract":"Abandonment sequences at Middle Bronze Age Erimi have been examined using integrated stratigraphic analysis and high-resolution microarchaeological techniques, with the aim of investigating the environmental processes and socio-cultural practices that impacted on the abandonment of buildings and settlement areas. The data revealed the occurrence of two distinct processes: gradual structural degradation and rapid destruction by a fire event. Destruction sequences within burnt buildings were examined to identify the temperatures to which sediments had been exposed and to reconstruct the conflagration event. Resulting data are discussed in the context of Middle Bronze Age Cyprus, in a preliminary consideration of the ideological implications of the identified abandonment practices.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":"52 1","pages":"301 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.2021.1890400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47824977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2021.1923907
R. Jackson-Tal, A. Lichtenberger, O. Tal
This article publishes artefacts unearthed in the framework of the German-Israeli Tell Iẓṭabba Excavation Project. It analyses and discusses faience and glass artefacts recovered during recent field seasons at the site known as the Seleucid-founded town of Nysa (Scythopolis), located in the Beth She’an National Park. In addition to analysing a Bes/Udjat eye amulet, the first, so far, from the Levant from a well-secured Hellenistic context, it offers a more accurate date for the beginning of use of monochrome cast/sagged glass vessels in the southern Levant, as well as the end of use of Hellenistic faience bowls in the region, based on archaeological contexts of Tell Iẓṭabba (East) and other contexts from contemporaneous Hellenistic sites in the Galilee and the southern Levant.
{"title":"Hellenistic vitreous finds from Seleucid Tell Iẓṭabba","authors":"R. Jackson-Tal, A. Lichtenberger, O. Tal","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1923907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1923907","url":null,"abstract":"This article publishes artefacts unearthed in the framework of the German-Israeli Tell Iẓṭabba Excavation Project. It analyses and discusses faience and glass artefacts recovered during recent field seasons at the site known as the Seleucid-founded town of Nysa (Scythopolis), located in the Beth She’an National Park. In addition to analysing a Bes/Udjat eye amulet, the first, so far, from the Levant from a well-secured Hellenistic context, it offers a more accurate date for the beginning of use of monochrome cast/sagged glass vessels in the southern Levant, as well as the end of use of Hellenistic faience bowls in the region, based on archaeological contexts of Tell Iẓṭabba (East) and other contexts from contemporaneous Hellenistic sites in the Galilee and the southern Levant.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":"52 1","pages":"382 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00758914.2021.1923907","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43294067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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