Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2022.2073689
Susan L. Cohen
The transition between the Early Bronze Age IV and the Middle Bronze Age in the southern Levant remains poorly understood, stemming in part from traditional approaches to the problems that frame it in terms of exogenous cultural origins and disjuncture versus indigenous growth and continuity of development. However, the growing range of diversity of data relating to both eras increasingly mitigates against such monocausal interpretations. Instead, assessment and analysis of different strands of evidence such as settlement patterns, subsistence practices and mortuary traditions, together with accompanying physical material culture, indicate that the transition between eras in the southern Levant was a complex and variable process that included considerable inter-regional variation, and incorporated both external influence and internal developments.
{"title":"The Early Bronze IV — Middle Bronze I transition in the southern Levant: analysis and assessment","authors":"Susan L. Cohen","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2022.2073689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2022.2073689","url":null,"abstract":"The transition between the Early Bronze Age IV and the Middle Bronze Age in the southern Levant remains poorly understood, stemming in part from traditional approaches to the problems that frame it in terms of exogenous cultural origins and disjuncture versus indigenous growth and continuity of development. However, the growing range of diversity of data relating to both eras increasingly mitigates against such monocausal interpretations. Instead, assessment and analysis of different strands of evidence such as settlement patterns, subsistence practices and mortuary traditions, together with accompanying physical material culture, indicate that the transition between eras in the southern Levant was a complex and variable process that included considerable inter-regional variation, and incorporated both external influence and internal developments.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45535191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2022.2040867
Denys Pringle
Published in Levant: The Journal of the Council for British Research in the Levant (Vol. 54, No. 1, 2022)
发表于《黎凡特:英国黎凡特研究理事会杂志》(第54卷，第1期，2022年)
{"title":"Michael Hamilton Burgoyne 1944–2021","authors":"Denys Pringle","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2022.2040867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2022.2040867","url":null,"abstract":"Published in Levant: The Journal of the Council for British Research in the Levant (Vol. 54, No. 1, 2022)","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2022.2055287
J. Ramsay, M. Perry
Ancient literary sources from the Hellenistic and Roman world describe the wide-spread practices of funerary feasting and supplying offerings for the deceased. However, the funerary customs of the Nabataeans are still not clearly understood within this broader cultural sphere. Evidence for feasting in Nabataean mortuary contexts largely relies on ceramic and faunal remains but rarely are plant remains included in these analyses. This paper presents archaeobotanical evidence from Nabatean-period tomb deposits from Petra, Jordan, to highlight the role plants played in this type of ritual context. Analysis of samples taken from eight rock-cut shaft tombs, excavated over three seasons (2012, 2014 and 2016), on the North Ridge of Petra, indicates the presence of a variety foodstuffs such as Triticum sp. (wheats), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Lens culinaris (lentil), Vitis vinifera (grape), Ficus carica (fig), Olea europaea (olive) and Phoenix dactylifera (date). These finds provide intriguing evidence of plants consumed or used as offerings during funerary ritual events. This study, in association with the analysis of bioarchaeological remains and ceramics expands our knowledge of Nabataean funerary practices and contributes to a broader understanding of the role of plants in ritual funerary events in the ancient world.
{"title":"Funerary dining or offerings for the dead? An archaeobotanical analysis of remains from shaft tombs in Petra, Jordan","authors":"J. Ramsay, M. Perry","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2022.2055287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2022.2055287","url":null,"abstract":"Ancient literary sources from the Hellenistic and Roman world describe the wide-spread practices of funerary feasting and supplying offerings for the deceased. However, the funerary customs of the Nabataeans are still not clearly understood within this broader cultural sphere. Evidence for feasting in Nabataean mortuary contexts largely relies on ceramic and faunal remains but rarely are plant remains included in these analyses. This paper presents archaeobotanical evidence from Nabatean-period tomb deposits from Petra, Jordan, to highlight the role plants played in this type of ritual context. Analysis of samples taken from eight rock-cut shaft tombs, excavated over three seasons (2012, 2014 and 2016), on the North Ridge of Petra, indicates the presence of a variety foodstuffs such as Triticum sp. (wheats), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Lens culinaris (lentil), Vitis vinifera (grape), Ficus carica (fig), Olea europaea (olive) and Phoenix dactylifera (date). These finds provide intriguing evidence of plants consumed or used as offerings during funerary ritual events. This study, in association with the analysis of bioarchaeological remains and ceramics expands our knowledge of Nabataean funerary practices and contributes to a broader understanding of the role of plants in ritual funerary events in the ancient world.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43552450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2022.2048433
Lee Perry-Gal, Ian Stern, A. Erlich
Astragali — knuckle bones, especially caprine or cattle — were widely used in ancient societies. They functioned as playthings and tokens for ritual activity and divination, along with other uses. This study examines the assemblage of over 600 astragali from the excavations at Maresha in southern Israel. Maresha was a main city in the region of Idumea. Excavations at the site revealed a prosperous Hellenistic city, mainly from the 4th–2nd centuries BCE. The many caves hewn in the lower city yielded numerous small finds, among them the astragali, which are found in large concentrations in specific caves. This paper examines the morphology, taphonomy and modification of the astragali. Furthermore, the distribution of the astragali in the various caves is analysed, along with intra-site distribution, archaeological context and related objects, the aim being to decipher their use within the life of the city, especially in regard to gaming and divination.
{"title":"Gaming and divination in the Hellenistic Levant: the case study of the astragalus assemblage from Maresha, Israel","authors":"Lee Perry-Gal, Ian Stern, A. Erlich","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2022.2048433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2022.2048433","url":null,"abstract":"Astragali — knuckle bones, especially caprine or cattle — were widely used in ancient societies. They functioned as playthings and tokens for ritual activity and divination, along with other uses. This study examines the assemblage of over 600 astragali from the excavations at Maresha in southern Israel. Maresha was a main city in the region of Idumea. Excavations at the site revealed a prosperous Hellenistic city, mainly from the 4th–2nd centuries BCE. The many caves hewn in the lower city yielded numerous small finds, among them the astragali, which are found in large concentrations in specific caves. This paper examines the morphology, taphonomy and modification of the astragali. Furthermore, the distribution of the astragali in the various caves is analysed, along with intra-site distribution, archaeological context and related objects, the aim being to decipher their use within the life of the city, especially in regard to gaming and divination.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58871170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2022.2033016
M. Sinibaldi
This paper presents the results of a study of the 12th-century Crusader Lordship of Transjordan and discusses the traditional view that the principal role of this region was that of frontier of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The possibility of applying the concept of frontier to Transjordan is discussed in the context of a debate on the relationship between frontiers and castles, and of the conclusions obtained from the analysis of settlement patterns of this case study. On the basis of the documentary and archaeological data reviewed here, it is argued that the lordship had several roles, including military, political, economic and social, that were of crucial importance for the entire kingdom, to which it was tightly connected. Simply seeing the lordship and its castles as defining a frontier is not only incorrect, but also fails to reflect this region’s complexity and identity. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the common understanding that Transjordan was an isolated and peripheral region needs to be modified; instead, the elements of continuity with the rest of the kingdom were numerous and significant, to the point that several important socio-economic, military and strategic aspects of the kingdom depended largely on the existence of the Lordship of Transjordan. 1 1 The present study is based on a PhD thesis defended at Cardiff University, School of History, Archaeology and Religion, under the supervision of Prof. Denys Pringle, with the title: 'Settlement in Crusader Transjordan (1100–1189). A Historical and Archaeological Study' and published open access by Cardiff University (Sinibaldi 2014). The thesis presents a comprehensive overview of the available historical and archaeological sources on Crusader-period Transjordan; its publication is currently in progress for Archaeopress.
{"title":"The Crusader Lordship of Transjordan (1100–1189): settlement forms, dynamics and significance","authors":"M. Sinibaldi","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2022.2033016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2022.2033016","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a study of the 12th-century Crusader Lordship of Transjordan and discusses the traditional view that the principal role of this region was that of frontier of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The possibility of applying the concept of frontier to Transjordan is discussed in the context of a debate on the relationship between frontiers and castles, and of the conclusions obtained from the analysis of settlement patterns of this case study. On the basis of the documentary and archaeological data reviewed here, it is argued that the lordship had several roles, including military, political, economic and social, that were of crucial importance for the entire kingdom, to which it was tightly connected. Simply seeing the lordship and its castles as defining a frontier is not only incorrect, but also fails to reflect this region’s complexity and identity. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the common understanding that Transjordan was an isolated and peripheral region needs to be modified; instead, the elements of continuity with the rest of the kingdom were numerous and significant, to the point that several important socio-economic, military and strategic aspects of the kingdom depended largely on the existence of the Lordship of Transjordan. 1 1 The present study is based on a PhD thesis defended at Cardiff University, School of History, Archaeology and Religion, under the supervision of Prof. Denys Pringle, with the title: 'Settlement in Crusader Transjordan (1100–1189). A Historical and Archaeological Study' and published open access by Cardiff University (Sinibaldi 2014). The thesis presents a comprehensive overview of the available historical and archaeological sources on Crusader-period Transjordan; its publication is currently in progress for Archaeopress.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43543350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2022.2052660
Zarina Hewett, Michelle W. de Gruchy, D. Hill, D. Lawrence
Fluctuations in climate have been associated with significant societal changes, both in the modern day and in the past. In dryland environments such as much of Southwest Asia, rainfall is often used as a proxy for soil moisture available for crop production, and in pre-industrial societies this is assumed to directly relate to food production capacity and security. However, rainfall values are commonly quoted in archaeological literature without further context. Variability between values arising from different methods and timescales are rarely considered. This is important as small changes in rainfall can have profound effects on the interpretation of sites and landscapes. Here, we present a novel set of snapshot precipitation maps for Southwest Asia between the years 10,240 BP and 300 BP, based on previously published natural archive data by Bar-Matthews and Ayalon (2004) from Soreq Cave, and a newly derived modern rainfall map. The modern map was created using station data from the years 1960–1990 and a geostatistical interpolation technique applied across 14 separate zones. We outline the steps involved in the creation of the maps and provide access to, and clear explanations of, the data and methods used. Using the hindcasted maps, two case studies to highlight why a nuanced approach to rainfall is required in the study of ancient societies are examined. Changes to the spatial extent of the so-called ‘Zone of Uncertainty’ through time, as well as land suitable for rainfed agriculture throughout time using a simple model are calculated. It is demonstrated that relatively small fluctuations in rainfall can have a significant impact on the distribution of moisture availability for the region. It is argued that archaeologists need to be aware of the sources and limitations of the rainfall data used in their interpretations, and our map series is offered as a baseline dataset.
{"title":"Raincheck: A new diachronic series of rainfall maps for Southwest Asia over the Holocene","authors":"Zarina Hewett, Michelle W. de Gruchy, D. Hill, D. Lawrence","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2022.2052660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2022.2052660","url":null,"abstract":"Fluctuations in climate have been associated with significant societal changes, both in the modern day and in the past. In dryland environments such as much of Southwest Asia, rainfall is often used as a proxy for soil moisture available for crop production, and in pre-industrial societies this is assumed to directly relate to food production capacity and security. However, rainfall values are commonly quoted in archaeological literature without further context. Variability between values arising from different methods and timescales are rarely considered. This is important as small changes in rainfall can have profound effects on the interpretation of sites and landscapes. Here, we present a novel set of snapshot precipitation maps for Southwest Asia between the years 10,240 BP and 300 BP, based on previously published natural archive data by Bar-Matthews and Ayalon (2004) from Soreq Cave, and a newly derived modern rainfall map. The modern map was created using station data from the years 1960–1990 and a geostatistical interpolation technique applied across 14 separate zones. We outline the steps involved in the creation of the maps and provide access to, and clear explanations of, the data and methods used. Using the hindcasted maps, two case studies to highlight why a nuanced approach to rainfall is required in the study of ancient societies are examined. Changes to the spatial extent of the so-called ‘Zone of Uncertainty’ through time, as well as land suitable for rainfed agriculture throughout time using a simple model are calculated. It is demonstrated that relatively small fluctuations in rainfall can have a significant impact on the distribution of moisture availability for the region. It is argued that archaeologists need to be aware of the sources and limitations of the rainfall data used in their interpretations, and our map series is offered as a baseline dataset.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48266969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2022.2052659
Tarek Galal Abdelhamid
Arwad is the only inhabited island off the Syrian coast, with a long history dating back to Phoenician times (c. 2000 BC). It is a pedestrian-only island with a medieval character and interesting military architecture, and includes not one, but two very well-preserved citadels and the remains of a maritime wall, a rare combination in medieval military architecture. Despite its unique medieval layout, few studies have been published on Arwad’s fortifications and its interesting urban configuration. The densely packed houses opening onto a web of alleys encircling the forts, with sea waves pounding the shores, only add to the mystery and magic of the place. This paper aims to discuss some of the most interesting features of Arwad’s extant fortifications, provide an analysis of some of their architectural details, and suggest a preliminary date. The paper is divided into four sections and a conclusion, including an introduction to the history of Arwad; a description of its extant fortifications; and an analysis of its most significant architectural details. Finally, a date for the fortifications will be suggested based on the historical and stylistic analyses presented in previous sections.
{"title":"Notes on the architecture and history of the fortifications of the island of Arwad in Syria","authors":"Tarek Galal Abdelhamid","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2022.2052659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2022.2052659","url":null,"abstract":"Arwad is the only inhabited island off the Syrian coast, with a long history dating back to Phoenician times (c. 2000 BC). It is a pedestrian-only island with a medieval character and interesting military architecture, and includes not one, but two very well-preserved citadels and the remains of a maritime wall, a rare combination in medieval military architecture. Despite its unique medieval layout, few studies have been published on Arwad’s fortifications and its interesting urban configuration. The densely packed houses opening onto a web of alleys encircling the forts, with sea waves pounding the shores, only add to the mystery and magic of the place. This paper aims to discuss some of the most interesting features of Arwad’s extant fortifications, provide an analysis of some of their architectural details, and suggest a preliminary date. The paper is divided into four sections and a conclusion, including an introduction to the history of Arwad; a description of its extant fortifications; and an analysis of its most significant architectural details. Finally, a date for the fortifications will be suggested based on the historical and stylistic analyses presented in previous sections.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43017384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-22DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2021.2000709
A. Gorzalczany, B. Rosen
This article considers the archaeology, based mainly on eggs, of the extinct ratite (flightless birds, infraclass Palaeognathae) Struthio camelus syriacus (henceforth referred to as ‘ostrich’). Ostrich eggs were used as canteens, vessels, or raw material to produce prestige objects or ornaments. Starting with eggs discovered in a Middle Bronze Age cemetery in Tel Aviv, the production technology, symbolism and meaning, as well as assumed motivations and other cultural marks are analysed. The finds are analysed in a broader context, including the relationship between man and ostrich. The article reviews occurrences where ostrich-related remains, such as workshops, complete and fragmented eggs, as well as a small number of bones that have been recovered in archaeological excavations and surveys, have been found.
{"title":"Ostriches and people in archaeological contexts in the southern Levant and beyond","authors":"A. Gorzalczany, B. Rosen","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.2000709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.2000709","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the archaeology, based mainly on eggs, of the extinct ratite (flightless birds, infraclass Palaeognathae) Struthio camelus syriacus (henceforth referred to as ‘ostrich’). Ostrich eggs were used as canteens, vessels, or raw material to produce prestige objects or ornaments. Starting with eggs discovered in a Middle Bronze Age cemetery in Tel Aviv, the production technology, symbolism and meaning, as well as assumed motivations and other cultural marks are analysed. The finds are analysed in a broader context, including the relationship between man and ostrich. The article reviews occurrences where ostrich-related remains, such as workshops, complete and fragmented eggs, as well as a small number of bones that have been recovered in archaeological excavations and surveys, have been found.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48639312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2021.2002021
A. Squitieri, L. Bombardieri
Assyrian mills are innovative grinding tools that were introduced during the Neo-Assyrian period (c. 900–600 BC) in northern Mesopotamia, and which continued to be attested throughout the Neo-Babylonian, Achaemenid and Hellenistic periods. This paper focuses on the Assyrian mills’ morphological characteristics and archaeological contexts, as well as their geographic and chronological distributions, in order to cast light on the possible reasons behind their spread and final demise. Despite being characteristic of the Neo-Assyrian period, these devices did not spread uniformly across the Neo-Assyrian Empire. It will be argued, therefore, that their spread should be seen as being mainly connected with agricultural policies implemented by the Assyrians in some areas of their empire. Following the Neo-Assyrian period, the use of Assyrian mills drastically dropped: one of the possible reasons behind their final demise is the introduction of the Olynthus mill, a competitive grinding device which became predominant during the Hellenistic period.
{"title":"The ‘Assyrian mill’. A case study on food processing technology and innovation in the Near East during the Neo-Assyrian period (c. 900–600 BC)","authors":"A. Squitieri, L. Bombardieri","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.2002021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.2002021","url":null,"abstract":"Assyrian mills are innovative grinding tools that were introduced during the Neo-Assyrian period (c. 900–600 BC) in northern Mesopotamia, and which continued to be attested throughout the Neo-Babylonian, Achaemenid and Hellenistic periods. This paper focuses on the Assyrian mills’ morphological characteristics and archaeological contexts, as well as their geographic and chronological distributions, in order to cast light on the possible reasons behind their spread and final demise. Despite being characteristic of the Neo-Assyrian period, these devices did not spread uniformly across the Neo-Assyrian Empire. It will be argued, therefore, that their spread should be seen as being mainly connected with agricultural policies implemented by the Assyrians in some areas of their empire. Following the Neo-Assyrian period, the use of Assyrian mills drastically dropped: one of the possible reasons behind their final demise is the introduction of the Olynthus mill, a competitive grinding device which became predominant during the Hellenistic period.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41402903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2021.1988474
Letty ten Harkel, Michael T. Fisher
This paper introduces the EAMENA database, from a user perspective, as a living document of archaeological datasets, assessing its utility for research and heritage management with respect to unfinished data collection and ongoing database development. An incomplete dataset of Crusader sites provides a useful case study of heritage places. First, through a simple analysis using the site function field, the paper demonstrates how users can query the database to identify areas or themes for future research. Second, it analyses condition assessments of Crusader sites in Lebanon to investigate whether these places are disproportionally affected by certain types of modern disturbance. Throughout, the paper discusses aspects of the EAMENA data recording process, highlighting several technical developments that the project has implemented since the public launch of its database in 2017. In doing so, it demonstrates the value of responsive database development to remain at the cutting edge of research technologies.
{"title":"The EAMENA database and its potential impact on research and heritage management: a case study of Crusader heritage in Lebanon","authors":"Letty ten Harkel, Michael T. Fisher","doi":"10.1080/00758914.2021.1988474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2021.1988474","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the EAMENA database, from a user perspective, as a living document of archaeological datasets, assessing its utility for research and heritage management with respect to unfinished data collection and ongoing database development. An incomplete dataset of Crusader sites provides a useful case study of heritage places. First, through a simple analysis using the site function field, the paper demonstrates how users can query the database to identify areas or themes for future research. Second, it analyses condition assessments of Crusader sites in Lebanon to investigate whether these places are disproportionally affected by certain types of modern disturbance. Throughout, the paper discusses aspects of the EAMENA data recording process, highlighting several technical developments that the project has implemented since the public launch of its database in 2017. In doing so, it demonstrates the value of responsive database development to remain at the cutting edge of research technologies.","PeriodicalId":45348,"journal":{"name":"Levant","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41960722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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