Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n3a9
Mohammed Xolile Ntshangase, Tlhakodisho Joel Matabane
The colonial legacy of African underdevelopment is widely debated but hardly written. Boserup’s theory advances the argument that African system of government prior to the colonial one had a deeply encultured notion of gender inequality. However, this work is set forth to argue that colonization was a radical disruption that brought serious imbalances that include gender inequality. Within the process of colonization, gender inequality helped as one of the tools to advance Africa’s underdevelopment. Against Boserup’s view, this paper will investigate the hypothesis that African gender inequality and female disempowerment are rooted in the colonial epoch. It is argued that the arrival of Europeans in Uganda ignited a century-long transformation of Kampala including a gender Kuznets curve. Boserup’s theory relates that as men rapidly acquired literacy and quickly found their way into white-collar employment in the economic system built by Europeans, women took longer to obtain literacy and enter decent jobs. Among other factors, this is one of those that gravely created a noticeable gap which aided gender inequality between the African men and women. Different works by African scholars will be consulted in attempt to clarify the argument that Boserup’s theory provides the incorrect view about African normative culture. Boserup argues that after Uganda’s independence in 1962 another wave of inequality took place as some women got educated and got decent jobs while some continued operating within the informal traditional economic system. In her writings, Boserup seems skewed towards the argument that African traditional system always had gender inequality embedded in it, but she does not care much to elaborate the background framework that makes her have that view. It seems somewhat indefensible to argue that brutal elements of the society like gender inequality are rooted within the traditional norms because that may create a situation whereby the underdeveloped gender, due to love of their tradition, do not make effort to better themselves. It is for that reason that this paper adopts analytic theoretical framework to critically analyse Boserup’s theoretical view that gender inequality was rooted in the indigenous African norms.
{"title":"The History of Gender Inequality: Analysis of Gender Inequality as a Colonial Legacy in Africa","authors":"Mohammed Xolile Ntshangase, Tlhakodisho Joel Matabane","doi":"10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n3a9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n3a9","url":null,"abstract":"The colonial legacy of African underdevelopment is widely debated but hardly written. Boserup’s theory advances the argument that African system of government prior to the colonial one had a deeply encultured notion of gender inequality. However, this work is set forth to argue that colonization was a radical disruption that brought serious imbalances that include gender inequality. Within the process of colonization, gender inequality helped as one of the tools to advance Africa’s underdevelopment. Against Boserup’s view, this paper will investigate the hypothesis that African gender inequality and female disempowerment are rooted in the colonial epoch. It is argued that the arrival of Europeans in Uganda ignited a century-long transformation of Kampala including a gender Kuznets curve. Boserup’s theory relates that as men rapidly acquired literacy and quickly found their way into white-collar employment in the economic system built by Europeans, women took longer to obtain literacy and enter decent jobs. Among other factors, this is one of those that gravely created a noticeable gap which aided gender inequality between the African men and women. Different works by African scholars will be consulted in attempt to clarify the argument that Boserup’s theory provides the incorrect view about African normative culture. Boserup argues that after Uganda’s independence in 1962 another wave of inequality took place as some women got educated and got decent jobs while some continued operating within the informal traditional economic system. In her writings, Boserup seems skewed towards the argument that African traditional system always had gender inequality embedded in it, but she does not care much to elaborate the background framework that makes her have that view. It seems somewhat indefensible to argue that brutal elements of the society like gender inequality are rooted within the traditional norms because that may create a situation whereby the underdeveloped gender, due to love of their tradition, do not make effort to better themselves. It is for that reason that this paper adopts analytic theoretical framework to critically analyse Boserup’s theoretical view that gender inequality was rooted in the indigenous African norms.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75121279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2022.2097621
I. Tarjem
Abstract Crop breeding for development has a relatively long tradition of including the perspectives of women and men farmers. However, the lack of adoption and development impacts of improved crop varieties, particularly in African countries, has led to a growing interest in novel ways of making crop breeding more responsive to the needs, preferences, and demands of different social groups of women and men in agriculture. However, many questions remain about how best to render crop breeding gender-responsive, in terms of both methodological and institutional innovations. In this paper, I investigate how gender-responsive crop breeding is practiced and negotiated, and with what effects, through an ethnographic case study of the Gender + Tools: a set of gender-responsive decision-support tools developed by the CGIAR Gender and Breeding Initiative. Using perspectives from feminist technoscience studies, I explore how the Gender + Tools take on several performative roles through which gender, crops, and crop breeding become co-constructed: as a diagnostic and screening tool, a communication and marketing tool, and a management tool. The paper provides insights that can help support and improve gender-responsive and transformative crop breeding, while also expanding the scope of feminist technoscience studies to the underexplored topic of development-oriented crop breeding in Africa.
{"title":"Tools in the making: the co-construction of gender, crops, and crop breeding in African agriculture","authors":"I. Tarjem","doi":"10.1080/09718524.2022.2097621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2022.2097621","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Crop breeding for development has a relatively long tradition of including the perspectives of women and men farmers. However, the lack of adoption and development impacts of improved crop varieties, particularly in African countries, has led to a growing interest in novel ways of making crop breeding more responsive to the needs, preferences, and demands of different social groups of women and men in agriculture. However, many questions remain about how best to render crop breeding gender-responsive, in terms of both methodological and institutional innovations. In this paper, I investigate how gender-responsive crop breeding is practiced and negotiated, and with what effects, through an ethnographic case study of the Gender + Tools: a set of gender-responsive decision-support tools developed by the CGIAR Gender and Breeding Initiative. Using perspectives from feminist technoscience studies, I explore how the Gender + Tools take on several performative roles through which gender, crops, and crop breeding become co-constructed: as a diagnostic and screening tool, a communication and marketing tool, and a management tool. The paper provides insights that can help support and improve gender-responsive and transformative crop breeding, while also expanding the scope of feminist technoscience studies to the underexplored topic of development-oriented crop breeding in Africa.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":"27 1","pages":"1 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46493106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-20DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2022.2092939
D. Kpienbaareh, M. Kansanga, Emmanuel K. Yiridoe, I. Luginaah
Abstract Although herbicide adoption is gaining popularity among farmers in the Global South, the reasons for their adoption and perceptions of the impacts of their use may vary. Drawing theoretical insights from political ecology and using photovoice and interviews with (N = 48) backyard farmers in the semi-arid savannah region of Ghana, this article explored the underlying factors shaping herbicide adoption and the perceived health and environmental impacts. The findings reveal a set of complex intersecting drivers of herbicide adoption, including climate variability, labor supply constraints, and high costs of alternative technologies. Important adverse impacts of herbicide use include human health complications, suppressed seed germination, water pollution, and disruption of ecosystem processes. Notably, there were marked gender and locational variations in farmer perceptions which reflect the intersecting political, socio-economic and cultural factors that shape human-environment interaction, including agricultural production decisions. Given the growing need to make smallholder agriculture more sustainable, we recommend a community-based approach that engages government agencies, herbicide retailers and farmers to regulate herbicide use to minimize adverse impacts.
{"title":"Exploring the drivers of herbicide use and risk perception among smallholder farmers in Ghana","authors":"D. Kpienbaareh, M. Kansanga, Emmanuel K. Yiridoe, I. Luginaah","doi":"10.1080/09718524.2022.2092939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2022.2092939","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although herbicide adoption is gaining popularity among farmers in the Global South, the reasons for their adoption and perceptions of the impacts of their use may vary. Drawing theoretical insights from political ecology and using photovoice and interviews with (N = 48) backyard farmers in the semi-arid savannah region of Ghana, this article explored the underlying factors shaping herbicide adoption and the perceived health and environmental impacts. The findings reveal a set of complex intersecting drivers of herbicide adoption, including climate variability, labor supply constraints, and high costs of alternative technologies. Important adverse impacts of herbicide use include human health complications, suppressed seed germination, water pollution, and disruption of ecosystem processes. Notably, there were marked gender and locational variations in farmer perceptions which reflect the intersecting political, socio-economic and cultural factors that shape human-environment interaction, including agricultural production decisions. Given the growing need to make smallholder agriculture more sustainable, we recommend a community-based approach that engages government agencies, herbicide retailers and farmers to regulate herbicide use to minimize adverse impacts.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":"27 1","pages":"109 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48287394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2022.2084491
A. Galiè, N. Njiru, J. Heckert, E. Myers, S. Alonso
Abstract Informal milk trading in peri-urban Nairobi plays a key role in supporting both livelihoods and nutrition, particularly among poor households. Gender dynamics affect who is involved in and benefits from milk trading. To better understand gendered constraints and opportunities in informal, peri-urban dairy marketing, a qualitative study was conducted in 2017 with 45 men and 50 women milk traders in Dagoretti, a peri-urban area of Nairobi, Kenya. The findings show that milk trading is more lucrative for older men than for women and younger men among the respondents. This article illustrates the differences between these women’s and men’s experiences as milk traders and explores the reasons behind these differences. It discusses the implications of the findings for agricultural research and development interventions that aim to enhance the sustainability and equity of the dairy sector.
{"title":"Gendered barriers and opportunities in Kenya's informal dairy sector: enhancing gender-equity in urban markets","authors":"A. Galiè, N. Njiru, J. Heckert, E. Myers, S. Alonso","doi":"10.1080/09718524.2022.2084491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2022.2084491","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Informal milk trading in peri-urban Nairobi plays a key role in supporting both livelihoods and nutrition, particularly among poor households. Gender dynamics affect who is involved in and benefits from milk trading. To better understand gendered constraints and opportunities in informal, peri-urban dairy marketing, a qualitative study was conducted in 2017 with 45 men and 50 women milk traders in Dagoretti, a peri-urban area of Nairobi, Kenya. The findings show that milk trading is more lucrative for older men than for women and younger men among the respondents. This article illustrates the differences between these women’s and men’s experiences as milk traders and explores the reasons behind these differences. It discusses the implications of the findings for agricultural research and development interventions that aim to enhance the sustainability and equity of the dairy sector.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":"26 1","pages":"214 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43128968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-25DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2022.2084492
H. Baber
Abstract Crowdfunding has seen a steep growth in the past decade. The basic principle of crowdfunding is fundraising from a large crowd. The political activities of a party or a candidate often require funds that are difficult to secure. In the 2008 campaign, Barak Obama raised around $500 million through crowdfunding. This study aims to examine the role of gender (through political interest, political efficacy, political awareness, and political party affiliation) in shaping the intention of people to participate in political crowdfunding (PCF) while measuring their level of political engagement. The study collected data from 374 respondents from India, the most populous democracy in the world. The results suggest that political interest and political awareness have a positive relationship with PCF participation. The study further reveals that the relationship is stronger in the case of women than in the case of men on these two parameters. The study also suggests that education can help promote women’s online political participation through crowdfunding. The study will be helpful for political parties/candidates and crowdfunding platforms to understand the factors that can boost fundraising campaigns through crowdfunding.
{"title":"Does gender have any effect on political crowdfunding? An empirical analysis from India","authors":"H. Baber","doi":"10.1080/09718524.2022.2084492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2022.2084492","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Crowdfunding has seen a steep growth in the past decade. The basic principle of crowdfunding is fundraising from a large crowd. The political activities of a party or a candidate often require funds that are difficult to secure. In the 2008 campaign, Barak Obama raised around $500 million through crowdfunding. This study aims to examine the role of gender (through political interest, political efficacy, political awareness, and political party affiliation) in shaping the intention of people to participate in political crowdfunding (PCF) while measuring their level of political engagement. The study collected data from 374 respondents from India, the most populous democracy in the world. The results suggest that political interest and political awareness have a positive relationship with PCF participation. The study further reveals that the relationship is stronger in the case of women than in the case of men on these two parameters. The study also suggests that education can help promote women’s online political participation through crowdfunding. The study will be helpful for political parties/candidates and crowdfunding platforms to understand the factors that can boost fundraising campaigns through crowdfunding.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":"26 1","pages":"263 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47204222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-19DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2022.2084493
Anne Odoh, P. Branney
Abstract The four theories—gendering of careers, glass ceiling, gender stereotypes and work-life balance—of the lack of inclusion of women in the technology sector have a certain face validity when looking at Nigeria, a historically patriarchal nation undergoing significant growth in penetration and diffusion in the technology sector. Consequently, this article is the first to further develop these theories through a critical realist exploration of the experiences of female senior managers in the Nigerian technology sector. The findings show that women technology leaders are ambitious and driven to scale the barriers to senior management roles. These four theories are extended by providing empirical data and insights into how this phenomenon is experienced differently in the Global South. The article recommends that organizations implement policies that support skilled and high-potential women employees to fulfill their career aspirations, thereby disrupting stereotypes and changing the dominant, masculine narrative of the technology industry.
{"title":"Ambitious and driven to scale the barriers to top management: experiences of women leaders in the Nigerian technology sector","authors":"Anne Odoh, P. Branney","doi":"10.1080/09718524.2022.2084493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2022.2084493","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The four theories—gendering of careers, glass ceiling, gender stereotypes and work-life balance—of the lack of inclusion of women in the technology sector have a certain face validity when looking at Nigeria, a historically patriarchal nation undergoing significant growth in penetration and diffusion in the technology sector. Consequently, this article is the first to further develop these theories through a critical realist exploration of the experiences of female senior managers in the Nigerian technology sector. The findings show that women technology leaders are ambitious and driven to scale the barriers to senior management roles. These four theories are extended by providing empirical data and insights into how this phenomenon is experienced differently in the Global South. The article recommends that organizations implement policies that support skilled and high-potential women employees to fulfill their career aspirations, thereby disrupting stereotypes and changing the dominant, masculine narrative of the technology industry.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":"26 1","pages":"141 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48773594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a2
Sakhiseni Joseph Yende
Abstract In public discourse, the issue of gender-based violence (GBV) has appeared as the seeds continuously sown by contemporary hip-hop music videos. The ongoing incidents of gender-based violence raise a question about the authenticity of the content of contemporary hip-hop music videos. Therefore, this paper aims to present a critical discourse regarding the influence of contemporary hip-hop music videos on gender-based violence from this background. In this study, critical discourse analysis was employed as a vigorous methodology to assess the influence of contemporary hip-hop music video. This paper establishes that young people are greatly disturbed by the misogyny in hip-hop music videos that encourage men to treat women as sex objects instead of human beings. The findings reveal that hip-hop music videos’ misogynistic lyrics trigger young people to be violent towards parents, irresponsible, and sexually active from a young age. The paper concludes by recommending that the entertainment media prohibit controversial hip-hop music videos with physical violence, sexual content, unethical dances such as lap dances, twerking, gyrate-and-grind dances, and sex-starved-maniac dances.
{"title":"A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Influence of Contemporary Hip-Hop Music Video on Gender-Based Violence","authors":"Sakhiseni Joseph Yende","doi":"10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In public discourse, the issue of gender-based violence (GBV) has appeared as the seeds continuously sown by contemporary hip-hop music videos. The ongoing incidents of gender-based violence raise a question about the authenticity of the content of contemporary hip-hop music videos. Therefore, this paper aims to present a critical discourse regarding the influence of contemporary hip-hop music videos on gender-based violence from this background. In this study, critical discourse analysis was employed as a vigorous methodology to assess the influence of contemporary hip-hop music video. This paper establishes that young people are greatly disturbed by the misogyny in hip-hop music videos that encourage men to treat women as sex objects instead of human beings. The findings reveal that hip-hop music videos’ misogynistic lyrics trigger young people to be violent towards parents, irresponsible, and sexually active from a young age. The paper concludes by recommending that the entertainment media prohibit controversial hip-hop music videos with physical violence, sexual content, unethical dances such as lap dances, twerking, gyrate-and-grind dances, and sex-starved-maniac dances.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87489963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a1
Anne Abaho
Abstract Globally, COVID-19 was framed a security issue and thus response measures were likened to military struggles against an adversary because of its devastating socio-economic effects. Adopting a theoretical tool – securitisation characterised by preventive measures such as restricted movements, closure of public spaces, curfew and social distancing, the approach proved insensitive to gender security. For instance, from heightened use of violence and discrimination to increased economic insecurity and financial distress, men and women have disproportionately dealt with insecurity rooted in social construction of roles. Using secondary sources of literature, the paper exposed how COVID-19 and, consequently, the preventive measures deepened gender insecurity through the adoption of a theoretical tool – securitisation that is gender insensitive. From the reviewed documents, COVID-19 intensified gender insecurity through straining financial and economic conditions; exposure to violence and discrimination; and increased cases of domestic violence. The paper argued that, to avoid entrenchment of the already existing gender inequalities, the securitisation approach must be enhanced with a gendered lens to security.
{"title":"The Shadow Pandemic: COVID-19 and Gender Insecurity in Uganda","authors":"Anne Abaho","doi":"10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Globally, COVID-19 was framed a security issue and thus response measures were likened to military struggles against an adversary because of its devastating socio-economic effects. Adopting a theoretical tool – securitisation characterised by preventive measures such as restricted movements, closure of public spaces, curfew and social distancing, the approach proved insensitive to gender security. For instance, from heightened use of violence and discrimination to increased economic insecurity and financial distress, men and women have disproportionately dealt with insecurity rooted in social construction of roles. Using secondary sources of literature, the paper exposed how COVID-19 and, consequently, the preventive measures deepened gender insecurity through the adoption of a theoretical tool – securitisation that is gender insensitive. From the reviewed documents, COVID-19 intensified gender insecurity through straining financial and economic conditions; exposure to violence and discrimination; and increased cases of domestic violence. The paper argued that, to avoid entrenchment of the already existing gender inequalities, the securitisation approach must be enhanced with a gendered lens to security.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78956885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a3
L. Mboh, G. Ekobi
Abstract Women have been occupied with managing conflicts in African indigenous communities. However, their contribution in conflict resolution has not been documented in South Africa. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the role of women in managing indigenous conflicts in the Mokgalwaneng community. The data were collected from 14 participants from the Mokgalwaneng community by means of semi-structured and unstructured interview guides and thematically analysed. Three main themes were identified: the types of indigenous conflict, causes of indigenous conflict and the role of women in indigenous conflict management in the Mokgalwaneng community. Findings revealed that there are several types of indigenous conflict in the area. Land, domestic, theft and adultery, fornication and rape were raised as the causes of conflict. Women used indigenous conflict management techniques such as accommodating, collaborating and compromising to manage indigenous conflicts in the area. Also, women in the Mokgalwaneng village assisted indigenous institutions of elders and traditional leaders in resolving conflicts. Although women played a role in the indigenous conflict management, they were being marginalised in relation to indigenous conflict management. This study recommended that gender inclusive conflict management policy should be introduced as this might help promote gender equality and alleviate gender bias.
{"title":"The Role of Women in Indigenous Conflict Management in the Mokgalwaneng Village in the Moses Kotane Local Municipality, South Africa","authors":"L. Mboh, G. Ekobi","doi":"10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Women have been occupied with managing conflicts in African indigenous communities. However, their contribution in conflict resolution has not been documented in South Africa. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the role of women in managing indigenous conflicts in the Mokgalwaneng community. The data were collected from 14 participants from the Mokgalwaneng community by means of semi-structured and unstructured interview guides and thematically analysed. Three main themes were identified: the types of indigenous conflict, causes of indigenous conflict and the role of women in indigenous conflict management in the Mokgalwaneng community. Findings revealed that there are several types of indigenous conflict in the area. Land, domestic, theft and adultery, fornication and rape were raised as the causes of conflict. Women used indigenous conflict management techniques such as accommodating, collaborating and compromising to manage indigenous conflicts in the area. Also, women in the Mokgalwaneng village assisted indigenous institutions of elders and traditional leaders in resolving conflicts. Although women played a role in the indigenous conflict management, they were being marginalised in relation to indigenous conflict management. This study recommended that gender inclusive conflict management policy should be introduced as this might help promote gender equality and alleviate gender bias.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72752683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a7
S. Vyas-Doorgapersad, E. Shava
Abstract Women are under-represented in South African’s political decision-making structures and processes. The literature review explores various factors responsible for suppressing women’s participation in the political context, such as social (stereotypical mindset) and economical (financial dependence), which are deemed the most dominant ones. However, the lack of political will is a factor that cannot be ignored. This shows in election manifestos of various political parties where the gender mainstreaming aspect is missing. Drawing from the empowerment approach of the feminist theory, the findings revealed that women's participation in local government politics is still to be achieved due to limited opportunities for women, and negative attitudes toward politics, including the politics of patronage. The conclusions derived from the desktop study indicated the need for gender diversity and inclusivity in government departments that include courts, executive and parliament. Allowing women to define their destiny in the political sphere helps ensure women's representation and gender equality. Recommendations are offered to the government of South Africa to raise awareness of gender equality and empowerment, which is crucial for creating women's participation in local government politics and vital for attaining inclusive communities.
{"title":"A Situational Analysis of Women’s Leadership in South African Politics","authors":"S. Vyas-Doorgapersad, E. Shava","doi":"10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Women are under-represented in South African’s political decision-making structures and processes. The literature review explores various factors responsible for suppressing women’s participation in the political context, such as social (stereotypical mindset) and economical (financial dependence), which are deemed the most dominant ones. However, the lack of political will is a factor that cannot be ignored. This shows in election manifestos of various political parties where the gender mainstreaming aspect is missing. Drawing from the empowerment approach of the feminist theory, the findings revealed that women's participation in local government politics is still to be achieved due to limited opportunities for women, and negative attitudes toward politics, including the politics of patronage. The conclusions derived from the desktop study indicated the need for gender diversity and inclusivity in government departments that include courts, executive and parliament. Allowing women to define their destiny in the political sphere helps ensure women's representation and gender equality. Recommendations are offered to the government of South Africa to raise awareness of gender equality and empowerment, which is crucial for creating women's participation in local government politics and vital for attaining inclusive communities.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79738614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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