Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a5
M. Letsoalo
Abstract This methodological, comparative and quantitative study aimed to compare the mathematics performance of male and female mathematics learners in Gauteng Province. The Umalusi council supplied the dataset used in this study, and it contained (18484 [46.63%] males, 21558 [53.84%] females and 1 [0.00%] undisclosed). The result from Pearson’s chi-square test indicated that male and female learners who enrolled for mathematics had comparable chances of passing Grade 12 (p = 0.061). Unadjusted (β = −2.667, p < 0.001, 95% CI : −3.120 to −2.215) and adjusted (β = −2.649, p < 0.001, 95% CI : −3.099 to −2.198) regression models indicated that males performed significantly better than their female counterparts in mathematics. This study recommended that a mathematics learning intervention be used at an early stage in a learner’s educational career. There is a need to conduct similar studies (using the latest data available) in all other South Africa’s provinces to validate the results presented by this study.
{"title":"Gender Differences in Grade 12 Mathematics Performance: Gauteng Province, South Africa","authors":"M. Letsoalo","doi":"10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This methodological, comparative and quantitative study aimed to compare the mathematics performance of male and female mathematics learners in Gauteng Province. The Umalusi council supplied the dataset used in this study, and it contained (18484 [46.63%] males, 21558 [53.84%] females and 1 [0.00%] undisclosed). The result from Pearson’s chi-square test indicated that male and female learners who enrolled for mathematics had comparable chances of passing Grade 12 (p = 0.061). Unadjusted (β = −2.667, p < 0.001, 95% CI : −3.120 to −2.215) and adjusted (β = −2.649, p < 0.001, 95% CI : −3.099 to −2.198) regression models indicated that males performed significantly better than their female counterparts in mathematics. This study recommended that a mathematics learning intervention be used at an early stage in a learner’s educational career. There is a need to conduct similar studies (using the latest data available) in all other South Africa’s provinces to validate the results presented by this study.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83547414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a6
Mandla A. Mubecua, Innocent Simphiwe Nojiyeza
In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and other parts of the world, women rely on farming for the generation of their livelihood. However, their effort is limited by the dichotomy of land laws (statutory and customary land laws). The statutory land law promotes equality between men and women, giving women the right to buy, sell and inherit land. On the other hand, customary land law is grounded in patriarchal notions, where land is only allocated to a male figure as the head of the household. This law is the one that mostly supports men and rejects women. It is against this background that the present study argues that the dichotomy of land laws affects women. As a result, they experience a higher level of poverty than men. The present article used the legal pluralism theory to explain the existence of two different land laws in South Africa. Additionally, the study relied extensively on secondary sources as means of collecting relevant and required data. It employed strict textual analysis of the available literature relevant to the challenges of women in land ownership. The findings of the study show that the existence of customary law affects women who rely heavily on farming for their survival. On the basis of these, the study recommends that even though there are different land rights, the government should develop programmes that will ensure simultaneous operationalisation of these land laws. In addition, as much as there can be two laws that govern South African land, they should not contradict each other. Secondly, the land should be inheritable by both the male and female in a household.
{"title":"The Dichotomy of Land Laws in South Africa: The Challenges Faced by Women in Accessing Land","authors":"Mandla A. Mubecua, Innocent Simphiwe Nojiyeza","doi":"10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a6","url":null,"abstract":"In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and other parts of the world, women rely on farming for the generation of their livelihood. However, their effort is limited by the dichotomy of land laws (statutory and customary land laws). The statutory land law promotes equality between men and women, giving women the right to buy, sell and inherit land. On the other hand, customary land law is grounded in patriarchal notions, where land is only allocated to a male figure as the head of the household. This law is the one that mostly supports men and rejects women. It is against this background that the present study argues that the dichotomy of land laws affects women. As a result, they experience a higher level of poverty than men. The present article used the legal pluralism theory to explain the existence of two different land laws in South Africa. Additionally, the study relied extensively on secondary sources as means of collecting relevant and required data. It employed strict textual analysis of the available literature relevant to the challenges of women in land ownership. The findings of the study show that the existence of customary law affects women who rely heavily on farming for their survival. On the basis of these, the study recommends that even though there are different land rights, the government should develop programmes that will ensure simultaneous operationalisation of these land laws. In addition, as much as there can be two laws that govern South African land, they should not contradict each other. Secondly, the land should be inheritable by both the male and female in a household.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72924719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a8
Simangele Mkhize, Nomakhosi Nomathemba Sibisi
Abstract The whole world has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic that has held the health and livelihoods of people in its grip since 2020. In their initial response to the pandemic, governments throughout the world implemented social distancing restrictions, also referred to as lockdown, that required people to remain at home to prevent the spread of the virus. Intimate partner violence is a persistent challenge in South Africa and the COVID-19 crisis and lockdown measures have caused great concerns about their impact on women and domestic issues, especially those who reside with violent partners. This paper attempts to explore the impact of intimate partner violence on women during the COVID-19 lockdown period in South Africa. A qualitative method was used to collect data from previous studies, news reports, and two social media platforms. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, data from 2020 and 2021 data were collected from Facebook and Twitter. Keywords such as “gender-based violence”, “GBV during lockdown”, “intimate partner violence”, “abused women”, and hashtags with the words “stopkillingwomen”, “menaretrash”, “justiceforwomen”, and “GBV” were used to find information. To augment the findings of the study, data were also collected from reports by the government of South Africa that were issued since the beginning of lockdown in March 2020 as well as peer-reviewed scholarly articles. The findings showed that most victims of gender-based violence (GBV) lived with abusive partners during the lockdown. The Minister of Police supported the findings during a media briefing, mentioning that the number of gender-based violence complaints continued to remain high during lockdown. People on social media posted emotional messages about this topic and generally shared their anger that victims of GBV do not get justice as the perpetrators do not get sentenced. The study recommends that GBV in South Africa should be addressed more practically. Moreso, laws should be more rigorously enforced to bring perpetrators to book and to protect any potential female victims from any form of abuse, especially GBV.
{"title":"Locked in Abuse: Intimate Partner Violence against Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Simangele Mkhize, Nomakhosi Nomathemba Sibisi","doi":"10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The whole world has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic that has held the health and livelihoods of people in its grip since 2020. In their initial response to the pandemic, governments throughout the world implemented social distancing restrictions, also referred to as lockdown, that required people to remain at home to prevent the spread of the virus. Intimate partner violence is a persistent challenge in South Africa and the COVID-19 crisis and lockdown measures have caused great concerns about their impact on women and domestic issues, especially those who reside with violent partners. This paper attempts to explore the impact of intimate partner violence on women during the COVID-19 lockdown period in South Africa. A qualitative method was used to collect data from previous studies, news reports, and two social media platforms. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, data from 2020 and 2021 data were collected from Facebook and Twitter. Keywords such as “gender-based violence”, “GBV during lockdown”, “intimate partner violence”, “abused women”, and hashtags with the words “stopkillingwomen”, “menaretrash”, “justiceforwomen”, and “GBV” were used to find information. To augment the findings of the study, data were also collected from reports by the government of South Africa that were issued since the beginning of lockdown in March 2020 as well as peer-reviewed scholarly articles. The findings showed that most victims of gender-based violence (GBV) lived with abusive partners during the lockdown. The Minister of Police supported the findings during a media briefing, mentioning that the number of gender-based violence complaints continued to remain high during lockdown. People on social media posted emotional messages about this topic and generally shared their anger that victims of GBV do not get justice as the perpetrators do not get sentenced. The study recommends that GBV in South Africa should be addressed more practically. Moreso, laws should be more rigorously enforced to bring perpetrators to book and to protect any potential female victims from any form of abuse, especially GBV.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82338416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a4
Oboh Jerry Sankay, Othman Zarina, Kam Andrew Jia Yi, Jusoh Sufian
Abstract The impact of gender inequality on female employment cannot be overemphasised due to its detrimental effect on women’s well-being, empowerment, development and progress. This study investigated gender discrimination issues women face and classified the impact on female labour participation in the civil service. The study administered semi-structured interview questions to 27 civil servants in Nigeria that were conveniently selected, and used a content-and consistency-based analytical technique to analyse the civil servants' subjective experiences, opinions, and perceptions. The findings suggest that gender inequality impacts negatively on women’s employment with systemic gender disparity issues having a higher consistency rate and significantly known among the civil servants than individual-driven gender disparity issues. The study recommends that the government enact and effectively implement policies that will eliminate systemic gender inequalities, which will eliminate or marginally reduce individual-driven gender inequalities.
{"title":"Does Gender Inequality Matter in Employment? A Content- and Consistency-Based Analysis of Female Labour Participation in the Nigerian Civil Service","authors":"Oboh Jerry Sankay, Othman Zarina, Kam Andrew Jia Yi, Jusoh Sufian","doi":"10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The impact of gender inequality on female employment cannot be overemphasised due to its detrimental effect on women’s well-being, empowerment, development and progress. This study investigated gender discrimination issues women face and classified the impact on female labour participation in the civil service. The study administered semi-structured interview questions to 27 civil servants in Nigeria that were conveniently selected, and used a content-and consistency-based analytical technique to analyse the civil servants' subjective experiences, opinions, and perceptions. The findings suggest that gender inequality impacts negatively on women’s employment with systemic gender disparity issues having a higher consistency rate and significantly known among the civil servants than individual-driven gender disparity issues. The study recommends that the government enact and effectively implement policies that will eliminate systemic gender inequalities, which will eliminate or marginally reduce individual-driven gender inequalities.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74141189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-26DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2022.2073014
D. Mosha, J. Jeckoniah, Gideon Boniface
Abstract Empowering women within sunflower value chains can create significant development opportunities for them and generate benefits for their families. This paper asks whether women’s engagement in sunflower commercialization influences their levels of empowerment. The paper uses data from a 2018 study conducted by Agricultural Policy Research in Africa. A cross-sectional research design was used, and data were collected using mixed methods involving primary, qualitative, and quantitative methods as well as secondary data from the literature. A total of 600 farm household heads and 205 focus group participants (7–15) from 15 villages were selected for the study. Qualitative and quantitative data were subjected to content and econometric analysis respectively, with the help of Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences programs. The findings revealed that female household heads tend to benefit less than men from sunflower commercialization. Sunflower commercialization had a positive but insignificant influence on women’s empowerment: the study found that low levels of access to and control over productive resources resulted in low agricultural productivity, which affects empowerment levels. However, household commercialization involving all crops did have a positive and significant impact on the empowerment of women because non-cash crops were more likely to be retained by women, even when commercialized. This calls for policies that support and promote a diversified portfolio of livelihood options for women farmers in Singida region.
{"title":"Does women’s engagement in sunflower commercialization empower them? Experience from Singida region, Tanzania","authors":"D. Mosha, J. Jeckoniah, Gideon Boniface","doi":"10.1080/09718524.2022.2073014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2022.2073014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Empowering women within sunflower value chains can create significant development opportunities for them and generate benefits for their families. This paper asks whether women’s engagement in sunflower commercialization influences their levels of empowerment. The paper uses data from a 2018 study conducted by Agricultural Policy Research in Africa. A cross-sectional research design was used, and data were collected using mixed methods involving primary, qualitative, and quantitative methods as well as secondary data from the literature. A total of 600 farm household heads and 205 focus group participants (7–15) from 15 villages were selected for the study. Qualitative and quantitative data were subjected to content and econometric analysis respectively, with the help of Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences programs. The findings revealed that female household heads tend to benefit less than men from sunflower commercialization. Sunflower commercialization had a positive but insignificant influence on women’s empowerment: the study found that low levels of access to and control over productive resources resulted in low agricultural productivity, which affects empowerment levels. However, household commercialization involving all crops did have a positive and significant impact on the empowerment of women because non-cash crops were more likely to be retained by women, even when commercialized. This calls for policies that support and promote a diversified portfolio of livelihood options for women farmers in Singida region.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41291064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2022.2073323
Saibal Ghosh
Abstract Using district-level survey data, the analysis assesses the impact of technology in fostering the financial inclusion of women in India. The findings show that women are 12% less likely to use a mobile phone while opening accounts and 9% less likely to actively use such accounts. Relatedly, account ownership and its use are less likely for women with mobile phones, especially in the post-PMJDY period. The evidence also reveals a differential impact of mobile phones on women across strata and primarily for below-poverty line respondents. The analysis suggests the need for carefully-crafted policies to address this mobile gender gap in order to further reduce the gender gap in financial inclusion.
{"title":"Gender and financial inclusion: does technology make a difference?","authors":"Saibal Ghosh","doi":"10.1080/09718524.2022.2073323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2022.2073323","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using district-level survey data, the analysis assesses the impact of technology in fostering the financial inclusion of women in India. The findings show that women are 12% less likely to use a mobile phone while opening accounts and 9% less likely to actively use such accounts. Relatedly, account ownership and its use are less likely for women with mobile phones, especially in the post-PMJDY period. The evidence also reveals a differential impact of mobile phones on women across strata and primarily for below-poverty line respondents. The analysis suggests the need for carefully-crafted policies to address this mobile gender gap in order to further reduce the gender gap in financial inclusion.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44077473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2022.2040217
Jaflah AlAmmary
Abstract The empowerment of women is currently a vital issue appearing on political agendas at national and international levels. Accordingly, this research investigates the current situation regarding the use of social media (SM) by women in the Kingdom of Bahrain in terms of the preferences, purposes, and restrictions on using SM, the impact of SM, and women’s perception of the role of SM in empowering them economically, socially, and politically. A quantitative method was adopted by sending a total of 400 survey questionnaires to women distributed among the different governorates in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The results revealed that most SM use has a positive effect on the empowerment of women in the Kingdom of Bahrain, except for Snapchat and YouTube. The research findings include recommendations for training women in Bahrain to use SM to draw public attention to women’s rights, enhance the visibility of issues, and train gender promoters in strategic means for organizing online campaigns.
{"title":"The impact of social media on women’s empowerment in the Kingdom of Bahrain","authors":"Jaflah AlAmmary","doi":"10.1080/09718524.2022.2040217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2022.2040217","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The empowerment of women is currently a vital issue appearing on political agendas at national and international levels. Accordingly, this research investigates the current situation regarding the use of social media (SM) by women in the Kingdom of Bahrain in terms of the preferences, purposes, and restrictions on using SM, the impact of SM, and women’s perception of the role of SM in empowering them economically, socially, and politically. A quantitative method was adopted by sending a total of 400 survey questionnaires to women distributed among the different governorates in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The results revealed that most SM use has a positive effect on the empowerment of women in the Kingdom of Bahrain, except for Snapchat and YouTube. The research findings include recommendations for training women in Bahrain to use SM to draw public attention to women’s rights, enhance the visibility of issues, and train gender promoters in strategic means for organizing online campaigns.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46071528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2022.2043986
Selda Görkey
Abstract This study investigates the long-run relationship between technological change and unemployment, focusing on a gender perspective in developed economies. Considering the obstacles women face in accessing labor markets, this study aims to empirically combine the technological change and unemployment nexus with a gender perspective in 20 OECD economies from 1985 to 2019 by using multifactor productivity (MFP) as a proxy for technological change. The findings from Westerlund Panel Cointegration Test and Pedroni's Panel-Dynamic Ordinary Least-Squares (PDOLS) estimator indicate the presence of a long-run relationship between MFP and unemployment rate with diversified gender effects. Even though MFP affects total and male unemployment significantly and negatively in the long run, there is no significant effect on female unemployment for the whole panel. However, the findings by economies are diversified and they indicate the presence of technological unemployment for women in some economies. Thus, the empirical results clearly show that the long-run relationship between MFP and unemployment is affected by gender differences.
{"title":"Technological change and unemployment nexus from a gender perspective: empirical evidence from a panel cointegration approach","authors":"Selda Görkey","doi":"10.1080/09718524.2022.2043986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2022.2043986","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the long-run relationship between technological change and unemployment, focusing on a gender perspective in developed economies. Considering the obstacles women face in accessing labor markets, this study aims to empirically combine the technological change and unemployment nexus with a gender perspective in 20 OECD economies from 1985 to 2019 by using multifactor productivity (MFP) as a proxy for technological change. The findings from Westerlund Panel Cointegration Test and Pedroni's Panel-Dynamic Ordinary Least-Squares (PDOLS) estimator indicate the presence of a long-run relationship between MFP and unemployment rate with diversified gender effects. Even though MFP affects total and male unemployment significantly and negatively in the long run, there is no significant effect on female unemployment for the whole panel. However, the findings by economies are diversified and they indicate the presence of technological unemployment for women in some economies. Thus, the empirical results clearly show that the long-run relationship between MFP and unemployment is affected by gender differences.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47663646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n1a4
Motlhatlego Dennis Matotoka, Kolawole Olusola Odeku
Abstract South Africa has passed various laws such as the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 to address discriminatory practices in the workplace. These discriminatory practices include the unequal pay between males and females performing work of equal value. Payment of unequal remunerations is prevalent in the South African private sector, and it is exacerbated by the preferential treatment enjoyed by white employees compared to employees in other race groups. White groups and black males dominate higher positions in the private sector and their remunerations are often higher than those of black female employees in similar positions. This is so because the private sector engages in the gender wage gap to the detriment of suitably black South African females who are both underrepresented at managerial levels and paid less than their male counterparts. This paper examined various transformative remuneration interventions and their effectiveness in ensuring remuneration equality regardless of gender. The paper examined those practical challenges that further hinder the achievement of income equalities in the private sector. The paper asserted that there should be consequences such as termination of State contracts for companies that deliberately engage in the payment of unequal remunerations between male and female employees. This paper adopted a qualitative research methodology. The data for this paper were sourced from the desk research, Acts, court decisions and international conventions dealing with income inequalities in South Africa. The paper concluded that companies need to strategise, track and measure income disparities and address the gender wage gap to promote equity and fairness in the workplace.
{"title":"Unequal Remunerations in the South African Private Sector","authors":"Motlhatlego Dennis Matotoka, Kolawole Olusola Odeku","doi":"10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n1a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n1a4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract South Africa has passed various laws such as the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 to address discriminatory practices in the workplace. These discriminatory practices include the unequal pay between males and females performing work of equal value. Payment of unequal remunerations is prevalent in the South African private sector, and it is exacerbated by the preferential treatment enjoyed by white employees compared to employees in other race groups. White groups and black males dominate higher positions in the private sector and their remunerations are often higher than those of black female employees in similar positions. This is so because the private sector engages in the gender wage gap to the detriment of suitably black South African females who are both underrepresented at managerial levels and paid less than their male counterparts. This paper examined various transformative remuneration interventions and their effectiveness in ensuring remuneration equality regardless of gender. The paper examined those practical challenges that further hinder the achievement of income equalities in the private sector. The paper asserted that there should be consequences such as termination of State contracts for companies that deliberately engage in the payment of unequal remunerations between male and female employees. This paper adopted a qualitative research methodology. The data for this paper were sourced from the desk research, Acts, court decisions and international conventions dealing with income inequalities in South Africa. The paper concluded that companies need to strategise, track and measure income disparities and address the gender wage gap to promote equity and fairness in the workplace.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76093137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n1a6
Claire Fialkov, David Haddad
Abstract This study explored the differences between adolescent boys and girls and their tendency to accept the influence of others. This is important when considering not only one’s path in life but also the implications for independence and having an equal voice in a civil society. The study measured authenticity in 306 adolescent Maasai boys and girls and found that boys are significantly more likely to accept external influence than girls. Accepting external influence is inversely correlated with authenticity, a character strength linked with mental health and well-being, and arguably needed for democratic societies to flourish. Furthermore, unquestioned adherence to external social inductions serves to maintain the status quo and prevents responsiveness to needed change. The embodiment of authenticity is crucial for its actualization and takes place in the context of relationships. Schools represent a microcosm of the larger society and provide a window into different cultural practices and, as such, represent opportunities for transformation. The study discussed the social implications of these ideas, and the role Kenyan teachers play in the advancement of gender justice.
{"title":"Education as a Path to Gender Justice for Maasai Youth","authors":"Claire Fialkov, David Haddad","doi":"10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n1a6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n1a6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study explored the differences between adolescent boys and girls and their tendency to accept the influence of others. This is important when considering not only one’s path in life but also the implications for independence and having an equal voice in a civil society. The study measured authenticity in 306 adolescent Maasai boys and girls and found that boys are significantly more likely to accept external influence than girls. Accepting external influence is inversely correlated with authenticity, a character strength linked with mental health and well-being, and arguably needed for democratic societies to flourish. Furthermore, unquestioned adherence to external social inductions serves to maintain the status quo and prevents responsiveness to needed change. The embodiment of authenticity is crucial for its actualization and takes place in the context of relationships. Schools represent a microcosm of the larger society and provide a window into different cultural practices and, as such, represent opportunities for transformation. The study discussed the social implications of these ideas, and the role Kenyan teachers play in the advancement of gender justice.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90425174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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