Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2022.2148450
A. Sanstad, B. Leibowicz, Q. Zhu, P. Larsen, J. Eto
ABSTRACT Power industry stakeholders are devoting increasing attention to the risks of long-duration, widespread interruptions (LDWIs) in electricity service. There is concern that these risks are heightening due to more frequent and severe extreme weather events. Numerous studies have examined various aspects of the problem, primarily from an engineering and conceptual perspective. This is the first of two papers reporting the results of a study of LDWIs that focuses on their economic aspects, takes an empirical approach, and includes consideration of institutional factors affecting utilities’ efforts to reduce their vulnerabilities to these disruptions. This paper presents background on the problem, including cost concepts relevant to economic valuation of measures to reduce the risks of LDWIs, valuation methods, and the role of the concept of ‘resilience’ in shaping analysis in this area. This material provides context and motivation for the second paper, which reports on a series of case studies.
{"title":"Electric utility valuations of investments to reduce the risks of long-duration, widespread power interruptions, part I: Background","authors":"A. Sanstad, B. Leibowicz, Q. Zhu, P. Larsen, J. Eto","doi":"10.1080/23789689.2022.2148450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2022.2148450","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Power industry stakeholders are devoting increasing attention to the risks of long-duration, widespread interruptions (LDWIs) in electricity service. There is concern that these risks are heightening due to more frequent and severe extreme weather events. Numerous studies have examined various aspects of the problem, primarily from an engineering and conceptual perspective. This is the first of two papers reporting the results of a study of LDWIs that focuses on their economic aspects, takes an empirical approach, and includes consideration of institutional factors affecting utilities’ efforts to reduce their vulnerabilities to these disruptions. This paper presents background on the problem, including cost concepts relevant to economic valuation of measures to reduce the risks of LDWIs, valuation methods, and the role of the concept of ‘resilience’ in shaping analysis in this area. This material provides context and motivation for the second paper, which reports on a series of case studies.","PeriodicalId":45395,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure","volume":"8 1","pages":"311 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60115333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2022.2157116
S. Clark, Sara K.E. Peterson, M. Shelly, Robert Jeffers
ABSTRACT Communities in the United States are increasingly dependent upon aging infrastructure systems and challenged by more frequent and intense extreme weather events due in part to climate change. However, prioritizing resilience-related investments in these systems is hindered by the lack of performance metrics that objectively quantify the societal outcomes of infrastructure disruptions, such as power or water outages. This article outlines the process of developing an equity-focused resilience metric that captures the social consequences of infrastructure service disruptions on households. Theoretically grounded in the Capabilities Approach (CA) theory of human development, this metric focuses on estimating the burden of post-event adaptations taken by households to maintain their basic capabilities (e.g., ability to access food and water) and fulfill important household functionings (e.g., maintaining health and well-being). A travel cost method (TCM) that considers travel-related expenses, direct out-of-pocket expenses, and opportunity costs is presented as a way to measure the value of locations (e.g., grocery stores, emergency shelters, etc.) that provide services that enable households to maintain capabilities. A gravity-weighted model of accessibility is also discussed as a way to capture the value of having multiple potential service locations from which to choose and offers a way to capture important factors impacting a household’s ability to access important goods and services during outages. The proposed social burden metric equation incorporates the valuation principles of the TCM into the framework of the gravity model, resulting in a novel metric with strong methodological heritage. The article concludes by discussing the types of data needed to populate the proposed metric and future applications of this work that could inform the resilient infrastructure investments and planning necessary to mitigate the social burdens of power outages on vulnerable populations.
{"title":"Developing an equity-focused metric for quantifying the social burden of infrastructure disruptions","authors":"S. Clark, Sara K.E. Peterson, M. Shelly, Robert Jeffers","doi":"10.1080/23789689.2022.2157116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2022.2157116","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Communities in the United States are increasingly dependent upon aging infrastructure systems and challenged by more frequent and intense extreme weather events due in part to climate change. However, prioritizing resilience-related investments in these systems is hindered by the lack of performance metrics that objectively quantify the societal outcomes of infrastructure disruptions, such as power or water outages. This article outlines the process of developing an equity-focused resilience metric that captures the social consequences of infrastructure service disruptions on households. Theoretically grounded in the Capabilities Approach (CA) theory of human development, this metric focuses on estimating the burden of post-event adaptations taken by households to maintain their basic capabilities (e.g., ability to access food and water) and fulfill important household functionings (e.g., maintaining health and well-being). A travel cost method (TCM) that considers travel-related expenses, direct out-of-pocket expenses, and opportunity costs is presented as a way to measure the value of locations (e.g., grocery stores, emergency shelters, etc.) that provide services that enable households to maintain capabilities. A gravity-weighted model of accessibility is also discussed as a way to capture the value of having multiple potential service locations from which to choose and offers a way to capture important factors impacting a household’s ability to access important goods and services during outages. The proposed social burden metric equation incorporates the valuation principles of the TCM into the framework of the gravity model, resulting in a novel metric with strong methodological heritage. The article concludes by discussing the types of data needed to populate the proposed metric and future applications of this work that could inform the resilient infrastructure investments and planning necessary to mitigate the social burdens of power outages on vulnerable populations.","PeriodicalId":45395,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure","volume":"8 1","pages":"356 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44119646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-09DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2022.2148453
D. Espinoza, J. Rojo, W. Phillips, Andrew Eil
ABSTRACT There is growing awareness that traditional valuation methods based on discounted cash flows using constant risk-adjusted discount rates struggle to account for climate-related risks when assessing long-term investments in physical assets and infrastructure. Worst yet, such methods fail to consider numerous financial benefits accruing from investment in resilience and adaptation, categorizing such expenditures as sunk costs that reduce investors’ returns. Such traditional valuation methods encourage investors to postpone or forgo entirely investing in resilience and adaptation. The decoupled net present value (DNPV) method incorporates risk and risk-reduction measures into project valuations in clear and compelling financial terms. By quantifying both (i) risk exposures of assets to hazards and (ii) the reduction of such exposure through up-front investments, DNPV recasts the financial impact of risk-reduction measures. Thus, the benefits of risk-reducing investments such as adaptation and resilience can be fully valorized in project-level accounting, removing a significant barrier facing such investments today.
{"title":"Decoupled net present value: protecting assets against climate change risk by consistently capturing the value of resilient and adaptable investments","authors":"D. Espinoza, J. Rojo, W. Phillips, Andrew Eil","doi":"10.1080/23789689.2022.2148453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2022.2148453","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is growing awareness that traditional valuation methods based on discounted cash flows using constant risk-adjusted discount rates struggle to account for climate-related risks when assessing long-term investments in physical assets and infrastructure. Worst yet, such methods fail to consider numerous financial benefits accruing from investment in resilience and adaptation, categorizing such expenditures as sunk costs that reduce investors’ returns. Such traditional valuation methods encourage investors to postpone or forgo entirely investing in resilience and adaptation. The decoupled net present value (DNPV) method incorporates risk and risk-reduction measures into project valuations in clear and compelling financial terms. By quantifying both (i) risk exposures of assets to hazards and (ii) the reduction of such exposure through up-front investments, DNPV recasts the financial impact of risk-reduction measures. Thus, the benefits of risk-reducing investments such as adaptation and resilience can be fully valorized in project-level accounting, removing a significant barrier facing such investments today.","PeriodicalId":45395,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure","volume":"8 1","pages":"323 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41975642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2022.2148447
M. Karamouz, Mohammad Movahhed, Ali Elyasi
ABSTRACT The disrupted performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) when facing floods can cause complications in urban systems’ functioning. Therefore, utilities need to improve the resilience of their facilities and establish asset restoration plans. The present study aims at investigating two metrics to improve the WWTP’s resilience. An attribute-based resilience metric is devised using a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (FMCDM) framework to attain a budget allocation proposition. A network model representing the interdependent infrastructure is also formulated to develop a performance-based metric. The network’s post-disaster behavior is simulated to obtain an asset restoration sequence (RS). The results indicate that considering imprecisions in experts’ views lowers the possibility of underestimation or overestimation of resilience improvement when allocating funds. Furthermore, prioritizing facilities’ restoration will increase WWTPs’ resilience. The proposed methodology, which is tested on Brooklyn, provides a resilient solution to some challenges in asset management and can be applicable to other coastal settings.
{"title":"Financial allocation and network recovery for interdependent wastewater treatment infrastructure: development of resilience metrics","authors":"M. Karamouz, Mohammad Movahhed, Ali Elyasi","doi":"10.1080/23789689.2022.2148447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2022.2148447","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The disrupted performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) when facing floods can cause complications in urban systems’ functioning. Therefore, utilities need to improve the resilience of their facilities and establish asset restoration plans. The present study aims at investigating two metrics to improve the WWTP’s resilience. An attribute-based resilience metric is devised using a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (FMCDM) framework to attain a budget allocation proposition. A network model representing the interdependent infrastructure is also formulated to develop a performance-based metric. The network’s post-disaster behavior is simulated to obtain an asset restoration sequence (RS). The results indicate that considering imprecisions in experts’ views lowers the possibility of underestimation or overestimation of resilience improvement when allocating funds. Furthermore, prioritizing facilities’ restoration will increase WWTPs’ resilience. The proposed methodology, which is tested on Brooklyn, provides a resilient solution to some challenges in asset management and can be applicable to other coastal settings.","PeriodicalId":45395,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure","volume":"8 1","pages":"262 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44927119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2022.2148449
Michelle Reckner, I. Tien
ABSTRACT With increasing investment in infrastructure to address flooding, including green and grey solutions, there are challenges in selecting the type and location of infrastructure. This paper proposes a method to prioritize locations for stormwater infrastructure. Compared to prior work, it considers both green and grey infrastructure and enables detailed spatial analysis of a community. It uses quantitative measures and includes the multiple potential benefits of green versus grey infrastructure. The method is applied to the coastal county of Chatham County, GA, USA. Results show how the methodology is used to select green or grey infrastructure solutions and highlight locations that should be prioritized for infrastructure investment. Analyses accounting for uncertainties in future climate projections and population estimates are also conducted. The method includes local community characteristics, results in clear placement locations, and with decision-maker input, enables solutions to be adapted as stakeholder priorities evolve to increase community flood resilience.
{"title":"Community-Scale Spatial Mapping to Prioritize Green and Grey Infrastructure Locations to Increase Flood Resilience","authors":"Michelle Reckner, I. Tien","doi":"10.1080/23789689.2022.2148449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2022.2148449","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With increasing investment in infrastructure to address flooding, including green and grey solutions, there are challenges in selecting the type and location of infrastructure. This paper proposes a method to prioritize locations for stormwater infrastructure. Compared to prior work, it considers both green and grey infrastructure and enables detailed spatial analysis of a community. It uses quantitative measures and includes the multiple potential benefits of green versus grey infrastructure. The method is applied to the coastal county of Chatham County, GA, USA. Results show how the methodology is used to select green or grey infrastructure solutions and highlight locations that should be prioritized for infrastructure investment. Analyses accounting for uncertainties in future climate projections and population estimates are also conducted. The method includes local community characteristics, results in clear placement locations, and with decision-maker input, enables solutions to be adapted as stakeholder priorities evolve to increase community flood resilience.","PeriodicalId":45395,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure","volume":"8 1","pages":"289 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41318661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2022.2149184
Utkarsh Gangwal, A. Siders, J. Horney, H. Michael, Shangjia Dong
ABSTRACT This paper examines communities’ accessibility to critical facilities such as hospitals, emergency medical services, and emergency shelters when facing flooding. We use travel speed reduction to account for flood-induced partial road failure. A modified betweenness centrality metric is also introduced to calculate the criticality of roads for connecting communities to critical facilities. The proposed model and metric are applied to the Delaware road network under 100-year floods. This model highlights the severe critical facility access loss risk due to flood isolation of facilities. The mapped post-flooding accessibility suggests a significant travel time increase to critical facilities and reveals disparities among communities, especially for vulnerable groups such as long-term care facility residents. We also identified critical roads that are vital for post-flooding access to critical facilities. The results of this research can help inform targeted infrastructure investment decisions and hazard mitigation strategies that contribute to equitable community resilience enhancement.
{"title":"Critical facility accessibility and road criticality assessment considering flood-induced partial failure","authors":"Utkarsh Gangwal, A. Siders, J. Horney, H. Michael, Shangjia Dong","doi":"10.1080/23789689.2022.2149184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2022.2149184","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines communities’ accessibility to critical facilities such as hospitals, emergency medical services, and emergency shelters when facing flooding. We use travel speed reduction to account for flood-induced partial road failure. A modified betweenness centrality metric is also introduced to calculate the criticality of roads for connecting communities to critical facilities. The proposed model and metric are applied to the Delaware road network under 100-year floods. This model highlights the severe critical facility access loss risk due to flood isolation of facilities. The mapped post-flooding accessibility suggests a significant travel time increase to critical facilities and reveals disparities among communities, especially for vulnerable groups such as long-term care facility residents. We also identified critical roads that are vital for post-flooding access to critical facilities. The results of this research can help inform targeted infrastructure investment decisions and hazard mitigation strategies that contribute to equitable community resilience enhancement.","PeriodicalId":45395,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure","volume":"8 1","pages":"337 - 355"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49093625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2022.2148951
Amit Prothi, Mona Chhabra Anand, Ratnesh Kumar
The human pursuit of greater well-being through better and faster growth paths for economic and social development is as old as the anthropocene itself. Infrastructure creation is at the core of this pursuit. However, infrastructure systems suffer due to disasters triggered by natural hazards, manmade events and impacts of climate change, compromising much of the development dividend of investments in these systems. To ensure that infrastructure can withstand predictable shocks, continue to provide essential services during crises and bounce back stronger to their full performance swiftly, there is a need to develop climate and disaster-resilient infrastructure. Infrastructure resilience is a dynamic concept with innate complex attributes, such as assurance of service delivery, interdependence between systems and long life of assets in dynamic environmental contexts. Complexities of infrastructure resilience are further compounded by uncertainty engendered by climate change, socio-political instabilities and economic growth. Given the scale of investment required, infrastructure development is typically undertaken with a 10 to 50-year horizon. However, rapid changes in environmental contexts and technological evolution, along with user expectations for faster and better services limit the extents of ‘long term’ thinking. A case in point is the current push for net zero energy transition that has triggered a shift towards cleaner energy sources such as hydrogen. However, hydrogen generation requires renewable energy sources such as wind to deliver on its environmental objectives fully and in coastal areas and island contexts, off-shore wind energy infrastructure is highly vulnerable to various hazards such as cyclones and tsunamis, rendering the entire net zero energy value chain at risk. Likewise, the unprecedented floods of 2021 in Ahr valley (Germany), New York (USA), Black Sea region (Turkey) and Kolhapur (India) are testimony that the past is no longer a good guide for the future. Analysis of past trends provide limited information to define the problem or the solutions we propose in the form of infrastructure systems. Such situations prompt the question: How do we develop resilient infrastructure for a not-so-distant, dynamic, and highly uncertain future?
{"title":"Adaptive Pathways for Resilient Infrastructure in an Evolving Disasterscape","authors":"Amit Prothi, Mona Chhabra Anand, Ratnesh Kumar","doi":"10.1080/23789689.2022.2148951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2022.2148951","url":null,"abstract":"The human pursuit of greater well-being through better and faster growth paths for economic and social development is as old as the anthropocene itself. Infrastructure creation is at the core of this pursuit. However, infrastructure systems suffer due to disasters triggered by natural hazards, manmade events and impacts of climate change, compromising much of the development dividend of investments in these systems. To ensure that infrastructure can withstand predictable shocks, continue to provide essential services during crises and bounce back stronger to their full performance swiftly, there is a need to develop climate and disaster-resilient infrastructure. Infrastructure resilience is a dynamic concept with innate complex attributes, such as assurance of service delivery, interdependence between systems and long life of assets in dynamic environmental contexts. Complexities of infrastructure resilience are further compounded by uncertainty engendered by climate change, socio-political instabilities and economic growth. Given the scale of investment required, infrastructure development is typically undertaken with a 10 to 50-year horizon. However, rapid changes in environmental contexts and technological evolution, along with user expectations for faster and better services limit the extents of ‘long term’ thinking. A case in point is the current push for net zero energy transition that has triggered a shift towards cleaner energy sources such as hydrogen. However, hydrogen generation requires renewable energy sources such as wind to deliver on its environmental objectives fully and in coastal areas and island contexts, off-shore wind energy infrastructure is highly vulnerable to various hazards such as cyclones and tsunamis, rendering the entire net zero energy value chain at risk. Likewise, the unprecedented floods of 2021 in Ahr valley (Germany), New York (USA), Black Sea region (Turkey) and Kolhapur (India) are testimony that the past is no longer a good guide for the future. Analysis of past trends provide limited information to define the problem or the solutions we propose in the form of infrastructure systems. Such situations prompt the question: How do we develop resilient infrastructure for a not-so-distant, dynamic, and highly uncertain future?","PeriodicalId":45395,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure","volume":"8 1","pages":"3 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42606898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2022.2138165
G. Parvin, Rajorshi Dasgupta, M. Abedin, Masashi Sakamoto, Bingunath Inairige, M. Kibria, Kumiko Fujita, Mrittika Basu, R. Shaw, H. Nakagawa
ABSTRACT The southwestern coastal part of Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to different kinds of disasters due to the changing climatic conditions. With the lenses of rural communities here an approach to examine how were the different disasters experiences, what lesson they learnt and what are their present disaster associated problems and stakeholder’s networks they rely on to enhance their resilience. Qualitative data were collected through participatory rapid rural appraisal (100–150 persons), field observation, 12 focus group discussions (25–40 people/FGD), and key informant interviews (25 people) in four southwestern coastal districts and nine coastal villages of Bangladesh. Results showed that since long back to date drinking water crisis, poor roads, poverty, poor sanitation, and health problems are the main identified disaster-associated problems. After learning lessons from previous disaster experiences, the community people have improved and changed their practices mainly by storing emergency foods, house construction, and increasing disaster awareness. However, the coastal communities are combating with the problems that have both direct and indirect association with poor infrastructures. Therefore, the coastal communities urge and sketched for a better stakeholders’ supports and networks to minimize their problems and thus to enhance communities’ disaster resilience.
{"title":"Disaster experiences, associated problems and lessons in southwestern coastal Bangladesh: exploring through participatory rural appraisal to enhance resilience","authors":"G. Parvin, Rajorshi Dasgupta, M. Abedin, Masashi Sakamoto, Bingunath Inairige, M. Kibria, Kumiko Fujita, Mrittika Basu, R. Shaw, H. Nakagawa","doi":"10.1080/23789689.2022.2138165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2022.2138165","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The southwestern coastal part of Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to different kinds of disasters due to the changing climatic conditions. With the lenses of rural communities here an approach to examine how were the different disasters experiences, what lesson they learnt and what are their present disaster associated problems and stakeholder’s networks they rely on to enhance their resilience. Qualitative data were collected through participatory rapid rural appraisal (100–150 persons), field observation, 12 focus group discussions (25–40 people/FGD), and key informant interviews (25 people) in four southwestern coastal districts and nine coastal villages of Bangladesh. Results showed that since long back to date drinking water crisis, poor roads, poverty, poor sanitation, and health problems are the main identified disaster-associated problems. After learning lessons from previous disaster experiences, the community people have improved and changed their practices mainly by storing emergency foods, house construction, and increasing disaster awareness. However, the coastal communities are combating with the problems that have both direct and indirect association with poor infrastructures. Therefore, the coastal communities urge and sketched for a better stakeholders’ supports and networks to minimize their problems and thus to enhance communities’ disaster resilience.","PeriodicalId":45395,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure","volume":"8 1","pages":"223 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42062003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2022.2138163
B. Leibowicz, A. Sanstad, Q. Zhu, P. Larsen, J. Eto
ABSTRACT This is the second of two papers that study the economics of long-duration, widespread electric power interruptions (LDWIs) caused by extreme weather events in the U.S.A., and how utilities and regulators are evaluating measures to reduce the vulnerability of electricity infrastructure to such disruptions. In this paper, we review case studies of five jurisdictions in different U.S. states that experienced LDWIs over the past two decades, examining how these events have influenced utilities’ and regulators’ approaches to strengthening electricity infrastructure against potential future interruptions. We find that (i) most of the utilities do not estimate economic benefits of large-scale storm-hardening and other measures in terms of either avoided customer costs or regional economic impacts; (ii) the concept of ‘resilience’ plays little practical role in this type of decision-making; and (iii) institutional factors have a major influence on whether and how the economic benefits of storm-hardening and related measures are evaluated.
{"title":"Electric utility valuations of investments to reduce the risks of long-duration, widespread power interruptions, part II: Case studies","authors":"B. Leibowicz, A. Sanstad, Q. Zhu, P. Larsen, J. Eto","doi":"10.1080/23789689.2022.2138163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2022.2138163","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This is the second of two papers that study the economics of long-duration, widespread electric power interruptions (LDWIs) caused by extreme weather events in the U.S.A., and how utilities and regulators are evaluating measures to reduce the vulnerability of electricity infrastructure to such disruptions. In this paper, we review case studies of five jurisdictions in different U.S. states that experienced LDWIs over the past two decades, examining how these events have influenced utilities’ and regulators’ approaches to strengthening electricity infrastructure against potential future interruptions. We find that (i) most of the utilities do not estimate economic benefits of large-scale storm-hardening and other measures in terms of either avoided customer costs or regional economic impacts; (ii) the concept of ‘resilience’ plays little practical role in this type of decision-making; and (iii) institutional factors have a major influence on whether and how the economic benefits of storm-hardening and related measures are evaluated.","PeriodicalId":45395,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure","volume":"8 1","pages":"203 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46152291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2022.2142741
E. Koks, D. Le Bars, A. Essenfelder, S. Nirandjan, P. Sayers
ABSTRACT This study presents an event-based storyline framework to assess the influence of future climatic and socioeconomic conditions on coastal flood impacts to critical infrastructure. The framework combines well-established quantitative methods of sea level rise, coastal inundation, and critical infrastructure (CI) physical damage assessments into an integrated modelling approach. We apply our approach to re-imagine three historic events: storm Xaver, storm Xynthia , and a storm surge event along the coast of Emilia Romagna (Italy). Our results indicate that northern Germany would benefit mostly from coordinated adaptation action to reduce the flood impact, whereas the southwestern coast of France would find the highest damage reduction through asset-level ‘autonomous’ adaptation action. Our approach helps to improve the scientific understanding of how coastal flood risk are assessed and best managed, and forces a distillation of the science into an accessible narrative to support policymakers and asset owners to make progress towards more climate-resilient coastal communities.
{"title":"The impacts of coastal flooding and sea level rise on critical infrastructure: a novel storyline approach","authors":"E. Koks, D. Le Bars, A. Essenfelder, S. Nirandjan, P. Sayers","doi":"10.1080/23789689.2022.2142741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2022.2142741","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study presents an event-based storyline framework to assess the influence of future climatic and socioeconomic conditions on coastal flood impacts to critical infrastructure. The framework combines well-established quantitative methods of sea level rise, coastal inundation, and critical infrastructure (CI) physical damage assessments into an integrated modelling approach. We apply our approach to re-imagine three historic events: storm Xaver, storm Xynthia , and a storm surge event along the coast of Emilia Romagna (Italy). Our results indicate that northern Germany would benefit mostly from coordinated adaptation action to reduce the flood impact, whereas the southwestern coast of France would find the highest damage reduction through asset-level ‘autonomous’ adaptation action. Our approach helps to improve the scientific understanding of how coastal flood risk are assessed and best managed, and forces a distillation of the science into an accessible narrative to support policymakers and asset owners to make progress towards more climate-resilient coastal communities.","PeriodicalId":45395,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure","volume":"8 1","pages":"237 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48576501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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