Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2023.2233759
Atanas Apostolov, Jimi B. Oke, Ryan Suttle, S. Arwade, B. Kane
ABSTRACT Critical to the resilience of utility power lines, tree failure assessments have historically been performed via costly manual inspections. In this paper, we develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict tree failure likelihood categories (Probable, Possible, Improbable) under three classification strategies. The CNN produced the best performance under the Probable/Possible vs. Improbable strategy, achieving a recall score of 0.82. We also perform a visual analysis of the predictions via Grad-CAM++ heatmaps, indicating an approach for incorporating interpretability into model selection. Benchmarking the results of our model against those produced by two state-of-the-art CNNs (ResNet-50 and Inception-v3), we show that our relatively simple model produces better results in a computational time that is three times faster. Via this novel framework, we demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence to automate and consequently reduce the costs of tree failure likelihood assessments in proximity to power lines, thereby promoting sustainable infrastructure.
{"title":"Predicting tree failure likelihood for utility risk mitigation via a convolutional neural network","authors":"Atanas Apostolov, Jimi B. Oke, Ryan Suttle, S. Arwade, B. Kane","doi":"10.1080/23789689.2023.2233759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2023.2233759","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Critical to the resilience of utility power lines, tree failure assessments have historically been performed via costly manual inspections. In this paper, we develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict tree failure likelihood categories (Probable, Possible, Improbable) under three classification strategies. The CNN produced the best performance under the Probable/Possible vs. Improbable strategy, achieving a recall score of 0.82. We also perform a visual analysis of the predictions via Grad-CAM++ heatmaps, indicating an approach for incorporating interpretability into model selection. Benchmarking the results of our model against those produced by two state-of-the-art CNNs (ResNet-50 and Inception-v3), we show that our relatively simple model produces better results in a computational time that is three times faster. Via this novel framework, we demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence to automate and consequently reduce the costs of tree failure likelihood assessments in proximity to power lines, thereby promoting sustainable infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":45395,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45637107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-10DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2023.2218152
D. Trejo
Infrastructure are sustainable when they address present needs without sacrificing future needs. Infrastructure are resilient when they are able to recover from disasters brought by natural hazards (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, cyclones, tornados, floodings and droughts), anthropogenic hazards (e.g., human errors, malevolent attacks), and are able to resist deterioration and reduced service. Sustainability and resilience are interdependent. Sustainability calls for parsimonious use of limited resources with minimal environmental impact while resiliency requires resources to ensure performance of the built environment. Both sustainability and resiliency are impacted by our changing environment. Adaptive and integrated disaster resilience, and thus sustainability, is dependent on designing and building resilience in a systematic, integrated, and dynamic manner. This Special Issue (SI) on Adaptive Planning for Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure I continues to seek to better understand how to integrate flexibility into infrastructure planning, design and construction under changing environmental conditions. This planning, design and construction must depend on future conditions and adaptive pathways must identify actions or processes that can be progressively implemented to produce inclusive, economical, resilient and sustainable infrastructure. This SI on Adaptive Planning for Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure I is a continuation of our initial SI on Adaptive Pathways for Resilient Infrastructure, sponsored by the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI). This SI sought evidence-based science and engineering and case studies that promote adaptive pathways to target policymakers and practitioners. Like the initial SI, the ultimate objective of this SI is to implement these practices to enhance the robustness of methods and processes that result in sustainable and resilient infrastructure. This SI covers four general topics: development of planning tools to mitigate flood risks, development of planning tools to improve hazard vulnerability due to hurricanes, an assessment of wastewater management practices and how these practices can be modified to be adaptive, and the development of a model for efficient energy planning. Masterson et al. introduce a new approach for an evidence-based enhanced preparatory technique for developing improved practices for improved hurricane planning, referred to by the authors as Plan I.Q. The developed framework uses qualitative assessment and spatial analysis in GIS to develop these integrated plans. The authors then applied the framework for the development of a new comprehensive plan for the City of Rockport, Texas, which incurred heavy damages from Hurricane Harvey in 2017. The results from using the integrated plan indicated improvements to plan quality and integration. Shandiz et al. address energy master planning (EMP) for new net-zero emissions communities (NZECs) and concl
当基础设施满足当前需求而不牺牲未来需求时，它们是可持续的。当基础设施能够从自然灾害(如地震、海啸、飓风、旋风、龙卷风、洪水和干旱)、人为灾害(如人为错误、恶意攻击)带来的灾害中恢复过来，并能够抵御恶化和服务减少时，基础设施就具有弹性。可持续性和复原力是相互依存的。可持续性要求节约使用有限的资源，尽量减少对环境的影响，而弹性则需要资源来确保建筑环境的性能。可持续性和弹性都受到我们不断变化的环境的影响。适应性和综合抗灾能力以及可持续性依赖于以系统、综合和动态的方式设计和建设抗灾能力。本期《可持续和弹性基础设施的适应性规划》特刊继续探讨如何在不断变化的环境条件下将灵活性融入基础设施的规划、设计和建设中。这种规划、设计和建设必须取决于未来的条件和适应性路径，必须确定可以逐步实施的行动或过程，以产生包容性、经济性、弹性和可持续的基础设施。这份关于可持续和弹性基础设施适应性规划的专题报告是由抗灾基础设施联盟(CDRI)赞助的《弹性基础设施适应性路径》专题报告的延续。该SI寻求基于证据的科学和工程以及案例研究，以促进针对决策者和实践者的适应性途径。与最初的SI一样，该SI的最终目标是实施这些实践，以增强方法和流程的稳健性，从而实现可持续和有弹性的基础设施。本专题涵盖四个一般主题:开发规划工具以减轻洪水风险，开发规划工具以改善飓风造成的灾害脆弱性，评估废水管理实践以及如何修改这些实践以适应环境，以及开发高效能源规划模型。Masterson等人介绍了一种以证据为基础的增强准备技术的新方法，用于开发改进飓风规划的改进实践，作者将其称为iq计划。开发的框架使用GIS中的定性评估和空间分析来开发这些综合计划。然后，作者应用该框架为德克萨斯州罗克波特市制定了一项新的综合计划，该城市在2017年遭受了哈维飓风的严重破坏。使用集成计划的结果表明计划质量和集成得到了改善。Shandiz等人研究了新的净零排放社区(NZECs)的能源总体规划(EMP)，并得出结论认为，与这些系统的可靠性和经济性相关的普遍看法可能是不正确的。结果表明，EMP对nzec的处理是可靠的、经济的。Beleno de Oliveira等人提出了一个框架来分析未来的洪水情景，考虑到气候变化的影响以及由此导致的降雨加剧和平均海平面上升，无计划的城市化和不受控制的土地利用，这些都会给排水基础设施带来压力，以及维护实践如何影响这些城市排水系统。作者得出的结论是，没有适当和维护的基础设施的无计划城市增长可能比气候变化的影响更大。作者指出了对这些系统进行良好规划和持续维护的重要性。Ross等人探讨了洪水规划的制度实践，并得出结论，适应性规划在洪水规划中基本缺失。作者得出结论，洪水规划通常是以静态的方式进行的，没有充分考虑未来的不确定性，这些规划未能吸引不同的参与，而且这些规划往往忽视了追求共同利益。需要实施适应性规划。最后，Porse等人评估了废水管理的适应途径。作者报告说，很少有研究调查了过去的设计假设如何影响废水管理。作者报告说，加州的废水工业在很大程度上是在寻求一种渐进的适应途径。本文提出了一种参与式自适应规划方法。可持续和弹性基础设施，2023，第8卷，第1期。4,357 - 358 https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2023.2218152
{"title":"Special issue on adaptive planning for sustainable and resilient infrastructure i: an introduction","authors":"D. Trejo","doi":"10.1080/23789689.2023.2218152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2023.2218152","url":null,"abstract":"Infrastructure are sustainable when they address present needs without sacrificing future needs. Infrastructure are resilient when they are able to recover from disasters brought by natural hazards (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, cyclones, tornados, floodings and droughts), anthropogenic hazards (e.g., human errors, malevolent attacks), and are able to resist deterioration and reduced service. Sustainability and resilience are interdependent. Sustainability calls for parsimonious use of limited resources with minimal environmental impact while resiliency requires resources to ensure performance of the built environment. Both sustainability and resiliency are impacted by our changing environment. Adaptive and integrated disaster resilience, and thus sustainability, is dependent on designing and building resilience in a systematic, integrated, and dynamic manner. This Special Issue (SI) on Adaptive Planning for Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure I continues to seek to better understand how to integrate flexibility into infrastructure planning, design and construction under changing environmental conditions. This planning, design and construction must depend on future conditions and adaptive pathways must identify actions or processes that can be progressively implemented to produce inclusive, economical, resilient and sustainable infrastructure. This SI on Adaptive Planning for Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure I is a continuation of our initial SI on Adaptive Pathways for Resilient Infrastructure, sponsored by the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI). This SI sought evidence-based science and engineering and case studies that promote adaptive pathways to target policymakers and practitioners. Like the initial SI, the ultimate objective of this SI is to implement these practices to enhance the robustness of methods and processes that result in sustainable and resilient infrastructure. This SI covers four general topics: development of planning tools to mitigate flood risks, development of planning tools to improve hazard vulnerability due to hurricanes, an assessment of wastewater management practices and how these practices can be modified to be adaptive, and the development of a model for efficient energy planning. Masterson et al. introduce a new approach for an evidence-based enhanced preparatory technique for developing improved practices for improved hurricane planning, referred to by the authors as Plan I.Q. The developed framework uses qualitative assessment and spatial analysis in GIS to develop these integrated plans. The authors then applied the framework for the development of a new comprehensive plan for the City of Rockport, Texas, which incurred heavy damages from Hurricane Harvey in 2017. The results from using the integrated plan indicated improvements to plan quality and integration. Shandiz et al. address energy master planning (EMP) for new net-zero emissions communities (NZECs) and concl","PeriodicalId":45395,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47705929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2023.2219182
F. Convertino, I. Blanco, G. Vox, E. Schettini
{"title":"Natural passive system for reducing winter night-time energy loss in buildings","authors":"F. Convertino, I. Blanco, G. Vox, E. Schettini","doi":"10.1080/23789689.2023.2219182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2023.2219182","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45395,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43627642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-09DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2023.2202962
R. Campos, P. S. Harvey, G. Hou
ABSTRACT Recent severe ice storms across the United States severely damaged trees resulting in extensive electrical power outages. Furthermore, trees and branches can fall on nearby roads, blocking traffic flow and reducing the safety of drivers. In this study, trees subjected to ice loads were analyzed using the finite element method and Monte Carlo simulation to develop analytical fragility curves. Two-dimensional, fractal trees were constructed with randomly generated geometric and mechanical parameters for four deciduous tree species: Acer saccharum, Tilia americana, Fagus grandifolia, and Quercus alba. Two load case scenarios were considered – with and without the effects of leaves – which were then subjected to varying ice accumulation thicknesses. The resulting fragility curves suggest that leaves have a substantial impact on tree branch damage under ice loads, which is significant because of the increase in unseasonably early ice storms due to climate change.
{"title":"Analytical fragility curves for trees subject to ice loading in a changing climate","authors":"R. Campos, P. S. Harvey, G. Hou","doi":"10.1080/23789689.2023.2202962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2023.2202962","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent severe ice storms across the United States severely damaged trees resulting in extensive electrical power outages. Furthermore, trees and branches can fall on nearby roads, blocking traffic flow and reducing the safety of drivers. In this study, trees subjected to ice loads were analyzed using the finite element method and Monte Carlo simulation to develop analytical fragility curves. Two-dimensional, fractal trees were constructed with randomly generated geometric and mechanical parameters for four deciduous tree species: Acer saccharum, Tilia americana, Fagus grandifolia, and Quercus alba. Two load case scenarios were considered – with and without the effects of leaves – which were then subjected to varying ice accumulation thicknesses. The resulting fragility curves suggest that leaves have a substantial impact on tree branch damage under ice loads, which is significant because of the increase in unseasonably early ice storms due to climate change.","PeriodicalId":45395,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43101691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2023.2200521
N. Do, Van Vi Pham, Daniel Dias
ABSTRACT In recent years, many different methods for calculating the structural forces caused by earthquakes to be created in circular and rectangular tunnels have been devised. However, it is still unclear how sub-rectangular tunnels would behave when subjected to seismic loadings. A new pseudo-static loading scheme for sub-rectangular tunnels using the Hyperstatic Reaction Method (HRM) is the main topic of the current paper. In order to depict the interaction between the soil and the tunnel lining, new equations that allow for the computation of applied active loading as well as a variable spring stiffness coefficient are developed. Through a numerical study that takes into account a variety of seismic magnitudes, soil parameters, lining thickness, tunnel dimension, tunnel geometries, and tunnel depth, the proposed loading scheme is calibrated and validated. The comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed HRM method for the preliminary seismic design of sub-rectangular tunnels.
{"title":"A new pseudo-static loading scheme for the hyperstatic reaction method - case of sub-rectangular tunnels under seismic conditions","authors":"N. Do, Van Vi Pham, Daniel Dias","doi":"10.1080/23789689.2023.2200521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2023.2200521","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent years, many different methods for calculating the structural forces caused by earthquakes to be created in circular and rectangular tunnels have been devised. However, it is still unclear how sub-rectangular tunnels would behave when subjected to seismic loadings. A new pseudo-static loading scheme for sub-rectangular tunnels using the Hyperstatic Reaction Method (HRM) is the main topic of the current paper. In order to depict the interaction between the soil and the tunnel lining, new equations that allow for the computation of applied active loading as well as a variable spring stiffness coefficient are developed. Through a numerical study that takes into account a variety of seismic magnitudes, soil parameters, lining thickness, tunnel dimension, tunnel geometries, and tunnel depth, the proposed loading scheme is calibrated and validated. The comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed HRM method for the preliminary seismic design of sub-rectangular tunnels.","PeriodicalId":45395,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44580406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2023.2175141
M. Pregnolato, P. Giordano, L. Prendergast, P. J. Vardanega, M. P. Limongelli
ABSTRACT Scour is a significant cause of bridge failure, and resulting bridge closures are likely to generate significant disruption to infrastructure networks. The management of scour-susceptible bridges is a significant challenge for improving transport resilience, but tends to be heuristic and qualitative. Such assessments often suffer from insufficient knowledge of key factors and require assumptions, which may increase their estimation and relative uncertainty. Analysis of publicly available technical documents reveals that various definitions of “risk” are adopted, as well as multiple approaches are applied. This paper has three objectives: (i) to illustrate the concept of risk in bridge scour management; (ii) to propose a simple scoring system to analyse existing risk-based approaches to manage bridge scour; and (iii) to analyse and compare such approaches on the basis of the obtained scores. A sample of nine documents containing bridge scour risk assessment practices or approaches was analysed using the developed rating system.
{"title":"Comparison of risk-based methods for bridge scour management","authors":"M. Pregnolato, P. Giordano, L. Prendergast, P. J. Vardanega, M. P. Limongelli","doi":"10.1080/23789689.2023.2175141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2023.2175141","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Scour is a significant cause of bridge failure, and resulting bridge closures are likely to generate significant disruption to infrastructure networks. The management of scour-susceptible bridges is a significant challenge for improving transport resilience, but tends to be heuristic and qualitative. Such assessments often suffer from insufficient knowledge of key factors and require assumptions, which may increase their estimation and relative uncertainty. Analysis of publicly available technical documents reveals that various definitions of “risk” are adopted, as well as multiple approaches are applied. This paper has three objectives: (i) to illustrate the concept of risk in bridge scour management; (ii) to propose a simple scoring system to analyse existing risk-based approaches to manage bridge scour; and (iii) to analyse and compare such approaches on the basis of the obtained scores. A sample of nine documents containing bridge scour risk assessment practices or approaches was analysed using the developed rating system.","PeriodicalId":45395,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48183034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-13DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2023.2188347
Mohammad Rafiq Joo, R. Sinha
ABSTRACT Built infrastructure systems must be resilient to disasters. After a disaster, its functionality has to evolve with significant uncertainties to restore pre-event condition. Innovative infrastructure design and management pathways can aid in sequencing possible pre- and post-disaster actions, incorporating flexibility into planning and decision-making to enhance resilience. Adoption of disaster risk reduction policies can benefit from accurate, comprehensive, and systematic probabilistic risk and resilience assessments. Such assessments, though not widely prevalent, help to understand the root causes of vulnerabilities and quantify their uncertainties. Therefore, they are prerequisites to identify and implement adaptation pathways for enhancing infrastructure resilience. To support identification and implementation of pathways approach, this study presents seismic resilience assessment incorporating functionality loss and pathways for subsequent recovery. An archetypical reinforced-concrete building, representing typical behavior of the building group used for critical functions, is considered under pre- and post-disaster preparedness, planning, and risk reduction options to develop deeper understanding of risks and selection of pathways. Resilience assessments are conducted based on performance-based earthquake engineering approach and considering uncertainties through Monte Carlo simulations. Both engineering and management interventions, such as improving non-structural component performance, eliminating post-disaster impedances, reducing repair delays, other management activities, and their combinations, are simulated under a common framework. The study quantifies how these measures can reduce losses, improve response, and enhance infrastructure resilience. Options for technical and management decision-making by various stakeholders to enhance resilience are also presented. The study advocates embracing the resiliency mindset and illustrates the benefits of multiple stakeholders for risk-informed decision-making.
{"title":"Performance-based selection of pathways for enhancing built infrastructure resilience","authors":"Mohammad Rafiq Joo, R. Sinha","doi":"10.1080/23789689.2023.2188347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2023.2188347","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Built infrastructure systems must be resilient to disasters. After a disaster, its functionality has to evolve with significant uncertainties to restore pre-event condition. Innovative infrastructure design and management pathways can aid in sequencing possible pre- and post-disaster actions, incorporating flexibility into planning and decision-making to enhance resilience. Adoption of disaster risk reduction policies can benefit from accurate, comprehensive, and systematic probabilistic risk and resilience assessments. Such assessments, though not widely prevalent, help to understand the root causes of vulnerabilities and quantify their uncertainties. Therefore, they are prerequisites to identify and implement adaptation pathways for enhancing infrastructure resilience. To support identification and implementation of pathways approach, this study presents seismic resilience assessment incorporating functionality loss and pathways for subsequent recovery. An archetypical reinforced-concrete building, representing typical behavior of the building group used for critical functions, is considered under pre- and post-disaster preparedness, planning, and risk reduction options to develop deeper understanding of risks and selection of pathways. Resilience assessments are conducted based on performance-based earthquake engineering approach and considering uncertainties through Monte Carlo simulations. Both engineering and management interventions, such as improving non-structural component performance, eliminating post-disaster impedances, reducing repair delays, other management activities, and their combinations, are simulated under a common framework. The study quantifies how these measures can reduce losses, improve response, and enhance infrastructure resilience. Options for technical and management decision-making by various stakeholders to enhance resilience are also presented. The study advocates embracing the resiliency mindset and illustrates the benefits of multiple stakeholders for risk-informed decision-making.","PeriodicalId":45395,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48385864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-12DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2023.2188348
G. Vasudevan, D. Trejo
ABSTRACT This work develops a Bayesian model that can be used to proportion sustainable, resilient, and cost-effective concrete mixtures based on stakeholder preferences. Traditionally, the decision-making process for proportioning concrete mixtures is centered around meeting target specifications, such as slump and compressive strength, and attributes such as sustainability and durability are given minimal importance. However, in the global push towards green infrastructure, sustainability plays a major role and must be considered to the same degree as engineering attributes. The model developed herein accounts for embodied carbon footprint, cost, and time to corrosion initiation, apart from the target specifications commonly used to proportion concrete mixtures. The developed model is demonstrated through two case studies: one targeting the average industrial embodied carbon footprint for a concrete mixture and the other targeting a reduction of 40% from the industry’s carbon footprint average. This model can also be used to perform data visualization and sensitivity analyses.
{"title":"Bayesian model for sustainable, resilient, and cost-effective concrete mixtures","authors":"G. Vasudevan, D. Trejo","doi":"10.1080/23789689.2023.2188348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2023.2188348","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This work develops a Bayesian model that can be used to proportion sustainable, resilient, and cost-effective concrete mixtures based on stakeholder preferences. Traditionally, the decision-making process for proportioning concrete mixtures is centered around meeting target specifications, such as slump and compressive strength, and attributes such as sustainability and durability are given minimal importance. However, in the global push towards green infrastructure, sustainability plays a major role and must be considered to the same degree as engineering attributes. The model developed herein accounts for embodied carbon footprint, cost, and time to corrosion initiation, apart from the target specifications commonly used to proportion concrete mixtures. The developed model is demonstrated through two case studies: one targeting the average industrial embodied carbon footprint for a concrete mixture and the other targeting a reduction of 40% from the industry’s carbon footprint average. This model can also be used to perform data visualization and sensitivity analyses.","PeriodicalId":45395,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46646817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2023.2192557
D. Trejo, R. Pillai
Reinforced concrete is, in general, a very durable system. However, as designers pursue more efficient structural designs and subject these structures to more aggressive environments, these systems become increasingly susceptible to corrosion. Corrosion of steel reinforcement is one of the more prevalent mechanisms of deterioration in reinforced concrete systems. As the world’s infrastructure ages, the cost of repair and replacement of these systems increase at rapid rates. As new models, designs, materials and construction methods become available, the service life of these systems should be extended. This Special Issue initially focuses on current practices used throughout the world to mitigate corrosion of the steel reinforcement embedded in concrete. Alexander et al., Li and Ueda, and Geiker et al. provide an overview for durability based design in South Africa, Asia and Europe. The authors note that both prescriptiveand performance-based methods are currently in use with the objective of ensuring durability. All authors note the use of models, especially models to predict the ingress of chlorides into concrete, should be used to better predict the service life. However, Alexander et al. critique exposure classifications and conclude that both rational service life designs and relevant environmental exposure classifications are sorely needed. The authors also recommend that exposure classifications account for the various factors that influence reinforcement corrosion and the resulting structural damage. Li and Ueda review the state-of-theart of durability design in Asia and highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the current practices. The authors ultimately recommend a ‘multi-barrier’ strategy to achieve long-term performance and corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete systems. Geiker at al. provide a European perspective on durability design and argue that designers must understand basic deterioration mechanisms and resulting damage to better design the infrastructure systems. The authors also note that service life models should include the time from corrosion initiation to the end of life (i.e., the propagation phase) to provide more resilient designs. In addition to the design for durability perspectives from the different regions, understanding how to better predict and quantify factors that influence the service life are critical for improving resilience. Ogunsanya et al. present how the use of different de-icing chemicals can influence the critical chloride threshold, a critical parameter for assessing service life. Boschmann Käthler et al. present a review of how the critical chloride threshold values are assessed and make recommendations on how to quantify these critical chloride values. Interestingly, such a critical parameter for assessing the service life of reinforced concrete system has no standardized testing protocol (although advances are underway in several locales). Ahmed and Vaddey present interesting work on chlor
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