In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of an exaggerated return rate on players’ errors of estimation and irrational beliefs. Conventional return rates for slot machines are set around 92%, whereas online gambling websites often use much higher return rates during demonstration (demo) play. Seventy college students were randomly assigned to play a virtual slot machine programmed to reflect a 92% return rate (control group) or a 180% return rate (experimental group). They completed self-reported measures of errors of estimation (e.g., chances of winning and losing) and irrational beliefs (e.g., having already won guarantees future wins) before and after playing a virtual slot machine for 10 min. Results from mixed 2 x 2 analyses of variance revealed statistically significant differences in errors of estimation (i.e., chances of winning, chances of winning the jackpot, chances of neither winning nor losing) between the experimental and control groups. Furthermore, participants estimated having less chance of losing during a slot machine session after exposure to the exaggerated return rate. Given the fact that many online gambling websites use similar exaggerated return rates during the demo period of their virtual slot machines, the present results suggest that this tactic may incite players to behave differently than they would otherwise during a gambling session. Implications for responsible gambling strategies are discussed. Resume La presente etude visait a evaluer l’impact d’un taux exagere de retour sur les erreurs d’estimation et les croyances irrationnelles des joueurs. Les taux de retour conventionnels pour les machines a sous sont etablis a environ 92%, tandis que les sites de jeux en ligne utilisent souvent des taux de retour beaucoup plus eleves dans les demonstrations de jeux. Soixante-dix etudiants universitaires ont ete assignes au hasard a une machine a sous virtuelle programmee qui reflete un taux de retour de 92 % (groupe temoin) ou une autre affichant un taux de retour de 180 % (groupe experimental). Ils ont complete des mesures auto-declarees des erreurs d’estimation (p. ex., les chances de gagner et de perdre) et des croyances irrationnelles (p. ex., avoir deja gagne garantit des gains futurs) avant et apres avoir joue a une machine a sous virtuelle pendant 10 minutes. Les resultats d’analyses de la variance (mixte 2 x 2) ont revele des differences statistiquement significatives dans les erreurs d’estimation (c’est-a-dire les chances de gagner, les chances de gagner le jackpot, les chances de ne pas gagner ni de perdre) entre le groupe experimental et le groupe temoin. De plus, les participants ont estime avoir moins de chances de perdre pendant une seance de machine a sous apres avoir ete exposes au taux de retour exagere. Etant donne que de nombreux sites de jeux en ligne utilisent des taux de retour exageres similaires pendant la demonstration de leurs machines a sous virtuelles, les resultats actuels sugger
在目前的研究中，我们希望评估夸大的回报率对玩家估计错误和非理性信念的影响。老虎机的常规回报率约为92%，其中在线赌博网站在演示（演示）游戏期间经常使用更高的回报率。70名大学生被随机分配玩一台虚拟老虎机，该虚拟老虎机被编程为反映92%的回报率（对照组）或180%的回报率（实验组）。在玩虚拟老虎机10分钟之前和之后，他们完成了自我报告的估计误差（例如，赢和输的几率）和非理性信念（例如，已经赢得了未来胜利的保证）的测量。混合2 x 2方差分析的结果揭示了实验组和对照组之间估计误差的统计显著差异（即，赢的几率，赢得大奖的几率、再次赢或输的几率）。此外，参与者估计，在暴露于过高的回报率后，在老虎机会话期间损失的可能性较小。考虑到许多在线赌博网站在其虚拟老虎机的演示期间使用类似的夸大回报率，目前的结果表明，这种策略可能会鼓励玩家在赌博会话期间表现不同。讨论了负责任赌博策略的影响。本研究旨在评估过度回报率对玩家估计错误和非理性信念的影响。老虎机的传统回报率设定在92%左右，而在线游戏网站通常在游戏演示中使用更高的回报率。70名大学生被随机分配到一个显示92%回报率的编程虚拟老虎机（Temoin组）或另一个显示180%回报率（实验组）。在玩虚拟老虎机10分钟之前和之后，他们完成了自我报告的估计误差（例如，赢和输的几率）和非理性信念（例如，已经赢可以保证未来赢）的测量。方差分析结果（混合2 x 2）显示，实验组和见证组之间的估计误差（即获胜概率、中奖概率、不赢或输的概率）存在统计学显著差异。此外，参与者认为，在暴露于过高的回报率后，他们在老虎机游戏中失败的可能性较小。由于许多在线游戏网站在演示其虚拟老虎机时使用了类似的夸大回报率，目前的结果表明，这种策略可能会导致玩家的行为与使用具有传统回报率的机器进行游戏时不同。我们讨论了负责任游戏策略的后果。
{"title":"Return Rates of Online Slot Machines in Trial Mode Influence Players’ Errors of Estimation","authors":"Daniel R. Lalande, Mathieu Emond, Émilie Bélanger","doi":"10.4309/JGI.2020.45.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4309/JGI.2020.45.1","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of an exaggerated return rate on players’ errors of estimation and irrational beliefs. Conventional return rates for slot machines are set around 92%, whereas online gambling websites often use much higher return rates during demonstration (demo) play. Seventy college students were randomly assigned to play a virtual slot machine programmed to reflect a 92% return rate (control group) or a 180% return rate (experimental group). They completed self-reported measures of errors of estimation (e.g., chances of winning and losing) and irrational beliefs (e.g., having already won guarantees future wins) before and after playing a virtual slot machine for 10 min. Results from mixed 2 x 2 analyses of variance revealed statistically significant differences in errors of estimation (i.e., chances of winning, chances of winning the jackpot, chances of neither winning nor losing) between the experimental and control groups. Furthermore, participants estimated having less chance of losing during a slot machine session after exposure to the exaggerated return rate. Given the fact that many online gambling websites use similar exaggerated return rates during the demo period of their virtual slot machines, the present results suggest that this tactic may incite players to behave differently than they would otherwise during a gambling session. Implications for responsible gambling strategies are discussed. Resume La presente etude visait a evaluer l’impact d’un taux exagere de retour sur les erreurs d’estimation et les croyances irrationnelles des joueurs. Les taux de retour conventionnels pour les machines a sous sont etablis a environ 92%, tandis que les sites de jeux en ligne utilisent souvent des taux de retour beaucoup plus eleves dans les demonstrations de jeux. Soixante-dix etudiants universitaires ont ete assignes au hasard a une machine a sous virtuelle programmee qui reflete un taux de retour de 92 % (groupe temoin) ou une autre affichant un taux de retour de 180 % (groupe experimental). Ils ont complete des mesures auto-declarees des erreurs d’estimation (p. ex., les chances de gagner et de perdre) et des croyances irrationnelles (p. ex., avoir deja gagne garantit des gains futurs) avant et apres avoir joue a une machine a sous virtuelle pendant 10 minutes. Les resultats d’analyses de la variance (mixte 2 x 2) ont revele des differences statistiquement significatives dans les erreurs d’estimation (c’est-a-dire les chances de gagner, les chances de gagner le jackpot, les chances de ne pas gagner ni de perdre) entre le groupe experimental et le groupe temoin. De plus, les participants ont estime avoir moins de chances de perdre pendant une seance de machine a sous apres avoir ete exposes au taux de retour exagere. Etant donne que de nombreux sites de jeux en ligne utilisent des taux de retour exageres similaires pendant la demonstration de leurs machines a sous virtuelles, les resultats actuels sugger","PeriodicalId":45414,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gambling Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46723518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Morvannou, S. Kairouz, M. Andronicos, Emilie Jobin, D. Berbiche, M. Dufour
Poker players are at high risk of experiencing gambling problems. Despite the feminization of gambling, little is known about the problems associated with poker playing among women. This cross-sectional study aims to examine relationships between gambling problems and factors generally associated with gambling problems (gambling behaviours, substance use and mental health) among women poker players . A total of 46 women were recruited through a broader prospective cohort study from the province of Quebec, Canada. The outcome variable of interest was participants’ scores on the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI); the predictive variables were gambling behaviours, alcohol and drug misuse (DEBA-Alcohol and drugs) and mental health (Beck anxiety and depression). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the factors associated with gambling problems among women poker players are distinct from those of men. For women, severity of gambling problems is positively associated with Internet poker playing, playing slot machines and smoking cigarettes ( p < .05). However, among these women, alcohol and drug misuse and mental health are not associated with gambling problems. Therefore, it is important to understand the risks associated with women poker players to develop preventive strategies adapted for this population and to adjust interventions accordingly. Resume Les joueurs de poker sont une population a risque de presenter des problemes de jeu. Malgre la feminisation des jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA), les connaissances sont limitees quant aux problemes lies au poker chez les femmes. Cette etude transversale vise a documenter le lien entre les problemes de jeu et les facteurs generalement associes aux problemes de jeu (comportements de jeu, consommation de substances et sante mentale) chez les joueuses de poker. Au total, 46 femmes ont ete recrutees dans le cadre d'une etude de cohorte prospective plus large realisee dans la province de Quebec, au Canada. Le score a l'Indice Canadien du Jeu Excessif (ICJE) etait la variable dependante; les variables predictives etaient les comportements de jeu, l'abus d'alcool et de drogues (DEBA-Alcool et Drogues) et la sante mentale (Inventaire d’anxiete et de depression de Beck). Les analyses de regression logistique ont revele que les facteurs associes aux problemes de jeu chez les joueuses de poker sont distincts de ceux des hommes. Pour les femmes, la gravite des problemes de jeu est positivement associee a jouer au poker sur Internet, a jouer aux machines a sous et a fumer des cigarettes ( p < 0,05). Toutefois, chez ces femmes, ni l'abus d'alcool et de drogues, ni la sante mentale ne sont pas associes aux problemes de jeu. Il est donc important de comprendre les risques associes aux problemes de jeu chez les joueuses de poker afin de developper des strategies de prevention adaptees a cette population et d'ajuster les interventions en consequence.
{"title":"Poker playing among women: Understanding factors associated with gambling problems","authors":"A. Morvannou, S. Kairouz, M. Andronicos, Emilie Jobin, D. Berbiche, M. Dufour","doi":"10.4309/JGI.2020.45.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4309/JGI.2020.45.2","url":null,"abstract":"Poker players are at high risk of experiencing gambling problems. Despite the feminization of gambling, little is known about the problems associated with poker playing among women. This cross-sectional study aims to examine relationships between gambling problems and factors generally associated with gambling problems (gambling behaviours, substance use and mental health) among women poker players . A total of 46 women were recruited through a broader prospective cohort study from the province of Quebec, Canada. The outcome variable of interest was participants’ scores on the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI); the predictive variables were gambling behaviours, alcohol and drug misuse (DEBA-Alcohol and drugs) and mental health (Beck anxiety and depression). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the factors associated with gambling problems among women poker players are distinct from those of men. For women, severity of gambling problems is positively associated with Internet poker playing, playing slot machines and smoking cigarettes ( p < .05). However, among these women, alcohol and drug misuse and mental health are not associated with gambling problems. Therefore, it is important to understand the risks associated with women poker players to develop preventive strategies adapted for this population and to adjust interventions accordingly. Resume Les joueurs de poker sont une population a risque de presenter des problemes de jeu. Malgre la feminisation des jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA), les connaissances sont limitees quant aux problemes lies au poker chez les femmes. Cette etude transversale vise a documenter le lien entre les problemes de jeu et les facteurs generalement associes aux problemes de jeu (comportements de jeu, consommation de substances et sante mentale) chez les joueuses de poker. Au total, 46 femmes ont ete recrutees dans le cadre d'une etude de cohorte prospective plus large realisee dans la province de Quebec, au Canada. Le score a l'Indice Canadien du Jeu Excessif (ICJE) etait la variable dependante; les variables predictives etaient les comportements de jeu, l'abus d'alcool et de drogues (DEBA-Alcool et Drogues) et la sante mentale (Inventaire d’anxiete et de depression de Beck). Les analyses de regression logistique ont revele que les facteurs associes aux problemes de jeu chez les joueuses de poker sont distincts de ceux des hommes. Pour les femmes, la gravite des problemes de jeu est positivement associee a jouer au poker sur Internet, a jouer aux machines a sous et a fumer des cigarettes ( p < 0,05). Toutefois, chez ces femmes, ni l'abus d'alcool et de drogues, ni la sante mentale ne sont pas associes aux problemes de jeu. Il est donc important de comprendre les risques associes aux problemes de jeu chez les joueuses de poker afin de developper des strategies de prevention adaptees a cette population et d'ajuster les interventions en consequence.","PeriodicalId":45414,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gambling Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49349732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Counselling for disordered gambling has emerged as a unique professional field. Research and literature on treatment approaches and best practices has burgeoned over the past 30 years. This has included the development of journals, field-specific conferences, and professional training programs specifically dedicated to understanding and treating gambling problems. Mental health professionals are now expected to master field specific knowledge and undergo supervision prior to engaging in problem gambling counselling. In this paper, we share the results of a modified Delphi study in which 45 experts reached agreement on core competencies for problem gambling treatment providers. A total of 166 core competencies were endorsed as high agreement items. The authors share implications and the potential usefulness of core competencies for problem gambling counsellor professional preparation, workforce development, and quality of care. Resume Le counseling consacre au jeu pathologique est devenu un domaine professionnel a part entiere. Depuis une trentaine d’annees, les travaux de recherche sur les approches et les pratiques exemplaires en matiere de traitement ont connu un veritable essor. Ainsi, on a vu apparaitre des revues, des conferences specialisees et des programmes de formation dedies a l’analyse des problemes de jeu et a leur traitement. Aujourd’hui, les professionnels de la sante mentale interesses par ce domaine doivent acquerir des connaissances precises sur le sujet et travailler sous la supervision d’un specialiste avant de s’y consacrer. Cet article presente les resultats d’une enquete Delphi modifiee a laquelle ont participe 45 specialistes qui se sont mis d’accord sur les competences de base a exiger des fournisseurs de traitement. Au total, 166 competences font l’objet d’un large consensus. Les auteurs discutent des implications decoulant de l’enquete, de l’utilite eventuelle des competences de base en matiere de formation professionnelle, de perfectionnement de la main-d’œuvre et de qualite des soins.
{"title":"Core Competencies for Disordered Gambling Counsellors: A Modified Delphi Study","authors":"T. McDowell","doi":"10.4309/jgi.2020.45.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2020.45.4","url":null,"abstract":"Counselling for disordered gambling has emerged as a unique professional field. Research and literature on treatment approaches and best practices has burgeoned over the past 30 years. This has included the development of journals, field-specific conferences, and professional training programs specifically dedicated to understanding and treating gambling problems. Mental health professionals are now expected to master field specific knowledge and undergo supervision prior to engaging in problem gambling counselling. In this paper, we share the results of a modified Delphi study in which 45 experts reached agreement on core competencies for problem gambling treatment providers. A total of 166 core competencies were endorsed as high agreement items. The authors share implications and the potential usefulness of core competencies for problem gambling counsellor professional preparation, workforce development, and quality of care. Resume Le counseling consacre au jeu pathologique est devenu un domaine professionnel a part entiere. Depuis une trentaine d’annees, les travaux de recherche sur les approches et les pratiques exemplaires en matiere de traitement ont connu un veritable essor. Ainsi, on a vu apparaitre des revues, des conferences specialisees et des programmes de formation dedies a l’analyse des problemes de jeu et a leur traitement. Aujourd’hui, les professionnels de la sante mentale interesses par ce domaine doivent acquerir des connaissances precises sur le sujet et travailler sous la supervision d’un specialiste avant de s’y consacrer. Cet article presente les resultats d’une enquete Delphi modifiee a laquelle ont participe 45 specialistes qui se sont mis d’accord sur les competences de base a exiger des fournisseurs de traitement. Au total, 166 competences font l’objet d’un large consensus. Les auteurs discutent des implications decoulant de l’enquete, de l’utilite eventuelle des competences de base en matiere de formation professionnelle, de perfectionnement de la main-d’œuvre et de qualite des soins.","PeriodicalId":45414,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gambling Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45247569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicholas W. McAfee, M. Martens, Tracy E Herring, S. Takamatsu, Joanna M. Foss
At-risk gambling is a public health problem that college students engage in at a disproportionate level compared to the general adult population. Brief interventions that incorporate personalized feedback have been efficacious at reducing gambling and related problems. The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy of personalized feedback-based interventions delivered via smartphone and text message. Participants were 255 students who met our screening criteria for “problem” or “pathological” gambling, and were randomized to one of three conditions: personalized feedback and follow-up targeted text messages (PFB-TXT); personalized feedback and follow-up educational information about gambling (PFB-EDU); and a control condition that received no personalized feedback or follow-up text messages. Dependent variables included percent days abstinent (PDA) from gambling, average amount wagered on a gambling day, and gambling-related problems. Results indicated that the PFB conditions did not have a direct effect relative to the control condition on the dependent variables at the six-month follow-up, but a statistically significant mediated effect on gambling-related problems via gambling norms did emerge at one-month. No differences between the two PFB conditions in terms of direct or indirect effects on the six-month outcome variables were determined. Findings from this study suggest that the personalized text condition did not provide greater efficacy in changing gambling-related outcomes over general educational messages with personalized feedback. To help explain the lack of direct intervention effects, we explored two hypotheses related to our study design and sample of gamblers. Resume La pratique des jeux de hasard chez les etudiants universitaires constitue un probleme de sante publique, car ils s’y adonnent en nombre disproportionne par rapport a la population adulte generale. Les interventions breves qui incorporent une retroaction personnalisee (RP) se sont averees efficaces pour reduire la frequence de jeu et les problemes qui s’y rattachent. Ce projet visait a analyser l’efficacite des interventions axees sur la RP, relayees par telephone intelligent et messagerie texte. 255 etudiants repondant a nos criteres de selection en matiere de « probleme de jeu » ou de jeu « pathologique » ete repartis aleatoirement en trois groupes. Le premier groupe a recu une RP et des messages textes de suivi; le deuxieme groupe, une RP et du materiel d’information sur le jeu; et le troisieme, soit le groupe controle, n’a recu ni retroaction ni message texte. Les variables dependantes (VD) incluaient : le pourcentage de jours d’abstinence; la somme moyenne misee les jours de pari; ainsi que les problemes de jeu. Selon nos resultats, la RP n’a aucun effet direct sur les VD au 6e mois de suivi par rapport au groupe controle; toutefois, on a constate au 1er mois un effet de mediation statistiquement significatif d’une variable relative aux habitudes
高风险赌博是一个公共健康问题，与一般成年人相比，大学生参与的程度不成比例。结合个性化反馈的简短干预在减少赌博和相关问题方面是有效的。本研究的目的是检验通过智能手机和短信提供的基于个性化反馈的干预措施的有效性。参与者是255名符合我们的“问题”或“病态”赌博筛选标准的学生，他们被随机分配到三种情况中的一种:个性化反馈和后续针对性短信(PFB-TXT);个性化反馈和后续赌博教育信息(PFB-EDU);另一个控制条件是没有收到个性化反馈或后续短信。因变量包括戒赌天数百分比、赌博日平均投注金额、赌博相关问题。结果表明，在六个月的随访中，PFB条件对因变量没有直接影响，但在一个月的随访中，赌博规范对赌博相关问题的中介作用确实出现了统计学上显著的影响。两种PFB条件在6个月的结果变量的直接或间接影响方面没有差异。本研究的结果表明，在改变赌博相关结果方面，个性化文本条件并不比具有个性化反馈的一般教育信息更有效。为了帮助解释缺乏直接干预效果，我们探索了与我们的研究设计和赌徒样本相关的两个假设。大学构成公共安全问题，大学构成公共安全问题，大学构成公共安全问题，大学构成公共安全问题，大学构成公共安全问题，大学构成公共安全问题，大学构成公共安全问题，大学构成公共安全问题。很少的干预措施缩短了相当不一致的反作用个体化(RP)的时间，但效果不佳，需要较少的治疗频率，而且问题也相当棘手。该项目访问了分析人员的有效性，干预措施包括RP，继电器电话智能和短信文本。255学生repondant号准则de选择en matiere de«戏言的»欧德戏言«pathologique»高频repartis aleatoirement在三人的小组。Le premier group是一组可重复使用的RP，用于发送消息、发送文本;第二集团,一个RP等du材料d信息关于赌博;让我们来看看三联键，然后是组控制，再来看看消息文本。无变量相关(VD)包括:无时间限制的百分比;La somme moyenne misee les jours de pari;Ainsi que les problems de jeu。实验结果表明，实验结果与实验结果直接相关，结果表明:实验结果与实验结果一致，实验结果与实验结果一致;然而，在一份报告中，联合国对调解的影响统计数据显示，相对于习惯和问题，调解的影响是显著的。此外，两种干预措施之间的差异，直接或间接影响了两种干预措施之间的差异。尽管没有得出结论，但RP新服务的有效性和信息的普遍性在很大程度上影响了欧洲的发病率和问题。“解释者的缺失”、“影响者的缺失”、“直接干预者的存在”、“双重假设的提出”、“相对的方法”、“研究者的方法”、“研究者的方法”、“分析者的方法”。
{"title":"The Efficacy of Personalized Feedback Interventions Delivered via Smartphone among At-Risk College Student Gamblers","authors":"Nicholas W. McAfee, M. Martens, Tracy E Herring, S. Takamatsu, Joanna M. Foss","doi":"10.4309/JGI.2020.45.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4309/JGI.2020.45.3","url":null,"abstract":"At-risk gambling is a public health problem that college students engage in at a disproportionate level compared to the general adult population. Brief interventions that incorporate personalized feedback have been efficacious at reducing gambling and related problems. The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy of personalized feedback-based interventions delivered via smartphone and text message. Participants were 255 students who met our screening criteria for “problem” or “pathological” gambling, and were randomized to one of three conditions: personalized feedback and follow-up targeted text messages (PFB-TXT); personalized feedback and follow-up educational information about gambling (PFB-EDU); and a control condition that received no personalized feedback or follow-up text messages. Dependent variables included percent days abstinent (PDA) from gambling, average amount wagered on a gambling day, and gambling-related problems. Results indicated that the PFB conditions did not have a direct effect relative to the control condition on the dependent variables at the six-month follow-up, but a statistically significant mediated effect on gambling-related problems via gambling norms did emerge at one-month. No differences between the two PFB conditions in terms of direct or indirect effects on the six-month outcome variables were determined. Findings from this study suggest that the personalized text condition did not provide greater efficacy in changing gambling-related outcomes over general educational messages with personalized feedback. To help explain the lack of direct intervention effects, we explored two hypotheses related to our study design and sample of gamblers. Resume La pratique des jeux de hasard chez les etudiants universitaires constitue un probleme de sante publique, car ils s’y adonnent en nombre disproportionne par rapport a la population adulte generale. Les interventions breves qui incorporent une retroaction personnalisee (RP) se sont averees efficaces pour reduire la frequence de jeu et les problemes qui s’y rattachent. Ce projet visait a analyser l’efficacite des interventions axees sur la RP, relayees par telephone intelligent et messagerie texte. 255 etudiants repondant a nos criteres de selection en matiere de « probleme de jeu » ou de jeu « pathologique » ete repartis aleatoirement en trois groupes. Le premier groupe a recu une RP et des messages textes de suivi; le deuxieme groupe, une RP et du materiel d’information sur le jeu; et le troisieme, soit le groupe controle, n’a recu ni retroaction ni message texte. Les variables dependantes (VD) incluaient : le pourcentage de jours d’abstinence; la somme moyenne misee les jours de pari; ainsi que les problemes de jeu. Selon nos resultats, la RP n’a aucun effet direct sur les VD au 6e mois de suivi par rapport au groupe controle; toutefois, on a constate au 1er mois un effet de mediation statistiquement significatif d’une variable relative aux habitudes","PeriodicalId":45414,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gambling Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48060570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bartel, A. Huguet, Sanjay Rao, L. Wozney, Vanessa Varalli, Sharlene Rozari, P. McGrath, Olga Kits, S. Stewart
Approximately 20%–32% of youth and adults with problem gambling also experience comorbid depression, yet treatment for this comorbidity is not readily accessible. We sought to extend and customize DoNamic, our existing web-based app for treating depression, to also treat young adults who experience comorbid problem gambling. We conducted a laboratory-based usability case study (Study 1) and a usability and feasibility clinical case series (Study 2). Study 1 involved an individual with problem gambling who tested the DoNamic version tailored to problem gambling (DoNamic-PG) in the laboratory. Changes based on participant feedback were implemented. Study 2 involved two cycles of testing in which five participants used the revised version of DoNamic-PG and provided feedback. Indicators of feasibility and usability of DoNamic-PG were predominately met; however, even with the increased accessibility and ease of use of DoNamic-PG, recruitment issues suggest it may not fully overcome the problem of attracting gamblers into treatment. This study highlights an existing concern in the field of problem gambling: Even when interventions are accessible for problem gambling populations, they are not necessarily used. Ultimately, the results of our case studies highlight how existing apps can be adjusted for specific subgroups. DoNamic-PG has the potential to be a feasible and usable app that could increase the accessibility, efficiency, and quality of care for younger adults with depression and problem gambling, if recruitment problems can be overcome. The next steps for developing DoNamic-PG include further feasibility testing, followed by trials to determine its efficacy and effectiveness. Resume Entre 20 et 32 % des jeunes et des adultes aux prises avec une dependance au jeu eprouvent aussi des problemes de depression. Et pourtant, il n’est pas facile d’obtenir un traitement pour ce trouble concomitant. Nous souhaitons donc adapter DoNamic, notre application web pour le traitement de la depression, aux besoins des jeunes adultes qui eprouvent un trouble depressif concomitant a leur dependance au jeu. A cette fin, nous avons mene une etude d’utilisabilite en laboratoire (etude 1), puis une serie d’essais cliniques sur l’utilisabilite et la faisabilite (etude 2). Dans l’etude 1, nous avons demande a un joueur pathologique de mettre a l’essai en laboratoire une version de DoNamic adaptee aux problemes de dependance au jeu (DoNamic-PG), puis nous avons effectue des changements a l’application en fonction des commentaires du participant. L’etude 2 comprenait deux cycles d’essais cliniques au cours desquels cinq participants ont utilise la version revisee de DoNamic-PG, puis ont fourni leurs commentaires. Les indicateurs de faisabilite et d’utilisabilite de DoNamic-PG ont ete en bonne partie atteints; toutefois, meme si l’application est plus accessible et facile a utiliser, les difficultes de recrutement suggerent que cette solution ne suffit pas pour inciter le
{"title":"Initial Usability and Feasibility of a Web-Based Behavioural Activation Program for Young Adults With Comorbid Depression and Problem Gambling: A Case Study and Case Series","authors":"S. Bartel, A. Huguet, Sanjay Rao, L. Wozney, Vanessa Varalli, Sharlene Rozari, P. McGrath, Olga Kits, S. Stewart","doi":"10.4309/jgi.2020.45.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2020.45.8","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately 20%–32% of youth and adults with problem gambling also experience comorbid depression, yet treatment for this comorbidity is not readily accessible. We sought to extend and customize DoNamic, our existing web-based app for treating depression, to also treat young adults who experience comorbid problem gambling. We conducted a laboratory-based usability case study (Study 1) and a usability and feasibility clinical case series (Study 2). Study 1 involved an individual with problem gambling who tested the DoNamic version tailored to problem gambling (DoNamic-PG) in the laboratory. Changes based on participant feedback were implemented. Study 2 involved two cycles of testing in which five participants used the revised version of DoNamic-PG and provided feedback. Indicators of feasibility and usability of DoNamic-PG were predominately met; however, even with the increased accessibility and ease of use of DoNamic-PG, recruitment issues suggest it may not fully overcome the problem of attracting gamblers into treatment. This study highlights an existing concern in the field of problem gambling: Even when interventions are accessible for problem gambling populations, they are not necessarily used. Ultimately, the results of our case studies highlight how existing apps can be adjusted for specific subgroups. DoNamic-PG has the potential to be a feasible and usable app that could increase the accessibility, efficiency, and quality of care for younger adults with depression and problem gambling, if recruitment problems can be overcome. The next steps for developing DoNamic-PG include further feasibility testing, followed by trials to determine its efficacy and effectiveness. Resume Entre 20 et 32 % des jeunes et des adultes aux prises avec une dependance au jeu eprouvent aussi des problemes de depression. Et pourtant, il n’est pas facile d’obtenir un traitement pour ce trouble concomitant. Nous souhaitons donc adapter DoNamic, notre application web pour le traitement de la depression, aux besoins des jeunes adultes qui eprouvent un trouble depressif concomitant a leur dependance au jeu. A cette fin, nous avons mene une etude d’utilisabilite en laboratoire (etude 1), puis une serie d’essais cliniques sur l’utilisabilite et la faisabilite (etude 2). Dans l’etude 1, nous avons demande a un joueur pathologique de mettre a l’essai en laboratoire une version de DoNamic adaptee aux problemes de dependance au jeu (DoNamic-PG), puis nous avons effectue des changements a l’application en fonction des commentaires du participant. L’etude 2 comprenait deux cycles d’essais cliniques au cours desquels cinq participants ont utilise la version revisee de DoNamic-PG, puis ont fourni leurs commentaires. Les indicateurs de faisabilite et d’utilisabilite de DoNamic-PG ont ete en bonne partie atteints; toutefois, meme si l’application est plus accessible et facile a utiliser, les difficultes de recrutement suggerent que cette solution ne suffit pas pour inciter le","PeriodicalId":45414,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gambling Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47622179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Axelle Moreau, E. Chauchard, Alexandre Hamel, Lou Penthier, I. Giroux, S. Sévigny
Tilt in poker is a phenomenon characterized by a loss of control. Tilt could be a risk factor for the development of problematic gambling in poker. To monitor the frequency of tilt episodes during online poker sessions, the Online Poker Tilt Scale (OPTS) was created within the French population. The aim of this study was to develop a short version of this scale, one that was faster to complete, and therefore more appropriate for the online poker player population, which was characterized by an impulsive personality and low survey participation rate. The short version is composed of nine items split into two factors (cognitive regulation and emotional regulation). The OPTS-9 version displayed good psychometric qualities and its scores were strongly correlated with those of the original version. Moreover, this shorter version allows rebalancing of the scale’s factorial structure, which facilitates interpretation of the results. This revised scale will measure the relative frequency of tilt episodes and allow to appropriately study the links between problem gambling and tilt episodes. This shortened 9-item version could be included in future experimental studies, as well as in prevention and treatment programs. Resume L’inclinaison (tilt) au jeu de poker est un phenomene caracterise par une perte de controle. Elle pourrait etre un facteur de risque pour le developpement d’un jeu pathologique au poker. Pour suivre la frequence des episodes d’inclinaison pendant les seances de poker en ligne, l’echelle Online Poker Tilt Scale (OPTS) a ete creee au sein de la population francaise. Le but de cette etude etait de developper une version courte de cette echelle, plus rapide a remplir, donc plus appropriee pour la population de joueurs de poker en ligne qui se caracterise par une personnalite impulsive et un faible taux de participation a des sondages. La version courte est composee de neuf elements repartis en deux facteurs (regulation cognitive et regulation emotionnelle). La version OPTS-9 presente de bonnes qualites psychometriques et ses pointages sont fortement correles avec les pointages de la version originale. De plus, cette version courte permet de reequilibrer la structure factorielle de l’echelle, ce qui facilite l’interpretation des resultats. Cette echelle revisee mesurera la frequence relative des episodes d’inclinaison et permettra d’etudier de facon adequate les liens entre le jeu pathologique et les episodes d’inclinaison. Cette version raccourcie a neuf elements pourrait etre incluse dans les futures etudes experimentales, ainsi que dans les programmes de prevention et de traitement.
扑克中的倾斜是一种以失去控制为特征的现象。倾斜可能是一个风险因素发展的问题赌博在扑克。为了监测在线扑克会话期间倾斜事件的频率，在法国人群中创建了在线扑克倾斜量表(OPTS)。这项研究的目的是开发一个简短版本的量表，一个更快完成，因此更适合在线扑克玩家群体，其特点是冲动的个性和低调查参与率。简短的版本由九个项目组成，分为两个因素(认知调节和情绪调节)。OPTS-9版本表现出良好的心理测量质量，其得分与原始版本的得分呈强相关。此外，这个较短的版本允许重新平衡量表的阶乘结构，这有助于解释结果。这个修订后的量表将测量倾斜事件的相对频率，并允许适当地研究问题赌博和倾斜事件之间的联系。这个缩短的9个项目版本可以包括在未来的实验研究中，以及预防和治疗方案中。“倾斜”是一种现象特征，与“完全控制”无关。我的病是一种不健康的因素，我的病是一种不健康的发展。Pour suivre la frequency des episodes d ' ininaison pendant les seances de poker en ligne, l 'echelle Online poker Tilt Scale (OPTS) and the creee in de la population francaise。但是，如果你想让你的游戏开发者拥有一个版本的游戏梯队，再加上快速的游戏梯队，再加上适当的游戏梯队，那么你就可以拥有一个具有个性的游戏梯队，冲动的游戏梯队和不成功的游戏梯队。一个版本的法庭测试复合的新元素，包括两个因素(调节认知和调节情绪)。新版本的OPTS-9呈现了de bonnes qualites心理测量的特征，这些特征点与新版本原始版本的特征点相对应。另外，新版本的法院允许De reequilibrium la structure factorelle De 'echelle，因此很容易解释结果。Cette - echelle - revision测量:相对于倾斜度发作和倾斜度发作的频率，适当的倾斜度、病理和倾斜度发作之间的关系。新版本的报告和新要素包括报告、未来研究、实验、特别报告、预防和治疗方案。
{"title":"Tilt in Online Poker: Development of a short version of the Online Poker Tilt Scale","authors":"Axelle Moreau, E. Chauchard, Alexandre Hamel, Lou Penthier, I. Giroux, S. Sévigny","doi":"10.4309/jgi.2020.44.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2020.44.3","url":null,"abstract":"Tilt in poker is a phenomenon characterized by a loss of control. Tilt could be a risk factor for the development of problematic gambling in poker. To monitor the frequency of tilt episodes during online poker sessions, the Online Poker Tilt Scale (OPTS) was created within the French population. The aim of this study was to develop a short version of this scale, one that was faster to complete, and therefore more appropriate for the online poker player population, which was characterized by an impulsive personality and low survey participation rate. The short version is composed of nine items split into two factors (cognitive regulation and emotional regulation). The OPTS-9 version displayed good psychometric qualities and its scores were strongly correlated with those of the original version. Moreover, this shorter version allows rebalancing of the scale’s factorial structure, which facilitates interpretation of the results. This revised scale will measure the relative frequency of tilt episodes and allow to appropriately study the links between problem gambling and tilt episodes. This shortened 9-item version could be included in future experimental studies, as well as in prevention and treatment programs. Resume L’inclinaison (tilt) au jeu de poker est un phenomene caracterise par une perte de controle. Elle pourrait etre un facteur de risque pour le developpement d’un jeu pathologique au poker. Pour suivre la frequence des episodes d’inclinaison pendant les seances de poker en ligne, l’echelle Online Poker Tilt Scale (OPTS) a ete creee au sein de la population francaise. Le but de cette etude etait de developper une version courte de cette echelle, plus rapide a remplir, donc plus appropriee pour la population de joueurs de poker en ligne qui se caracterise par une personnalite impulsive et un faible taux de participation a des sondages. La version courte est composee de neuf elements repartis en deux facteurs (regulation cognitive et regulation emotionnelle). La version OPTS-9 presente de bonnes qualites psychometriques et ses pointages sont fortement correles avec les pointages de la version originale. De plus, cette version courte permet de reequilibrer la structure factorielle de l’echelle, ce qui facilite l’interpretation des resultats. Cette echelle revisee mesurera la frequence relative des episodes d’inclinaison et permettra d’etudier de facon adequate les liens entre le jeu pathologique et les episodes d’inclinaison. Cette version raccourcie a neuf elements pourrait etre incluse dans les futures etudes experimentales, ainsi que dans les programmes de prevention et de traitement.","PeriodicalId":45414,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gambling Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47232394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James McLauchlan, M. Browne, Alex Russell, M. Rockloff
Gambling-related harm has become a key metric for measuring the adverse consequences of gambling on a population level. Yet, despite this renewed understanding in contemporary research, little exploration has been conducted to evaluate which instrument is best suited to capture the harmful consequences of gambling. This study was designed with the aim of determining whether Likert scales were better suited to capture gambling harm than binary scales. We hypothesized that the Short Gambling Harm Screen (SGHS), initially scored using a binary scale, would perform similarly to the alternate form that was Likertized for the purpose of this study. A corresponding comparison in the reverse direction was executed for the Problem Gambling Severity Index. The SGHS’s performance was assessed via a repeated-measures design in combination with three other measures of validity administered at the conclusion of the survey. In the end, we found that changing the scoring format (i.e., from binary to Likert) had negligible impact on the SGHS’s psychometric performance. We conclude that the original scoring method of the SGHS is not only appropriate but also no less suitable than Likert scales in measuring gambling harm. Resume Les dommages lies au jeu sont devenus une mesure cle pour evaluer les consequences nefastes du jeu a l’echelle de la population. Pourtant, malgre cette comprehension renouvelee dans la recherche contemporaine, on effectue tres peu d’exploration pour evaluer quel instrument est le mieux adapte pour comprendre les consequences nefastes du jeu. Cette etude a ete concue dans le but de determiner si les echelles de Likert etaient mieux adaptees que les echelles binaires pour saisir les dommages lies au jeu. Nous avons emis l’hypothese que le depistage rapide du jeu problematique (Short Gambling Harm Screen ou SGHS), initialement evalue a l’aide d’une echelle binaire, ne fonctionnera pas differemment de la forme de Likert alternative qui a ete creee aux fins de cette etude. Une comparaison correspondante dans la direction inverse a ete effectuee pour l'indice de gravite du jeu excessif (PGSI). Les performances du SGHS ont ete evaluees par un plan de mesures repetees, combines a trois autres mesures de validite administrees a la fin du sondage. En fin de compte, nous avons constate que le changement du format de pointage (c.-a-d. du binaire au Likert) avait un impact negligeable sur le rendement psychometrique du SGHS. Nous concluons que la methode de pointage originale du SGHS est non seulement appropriee, mais egalement non moins appropriee que les echelles de Likert pour evaluer les dommages lies au jeu.
{"title":"Evaluating the Reliability and Validity of the Short Gambling Harm Screen: Are Binary Scales worse than Likert Scales at capturing Gambling Harm?","authors":"James McLauchlan, M. Browne, Alex Russell, M. Rockloff","doi":"10.4309/jgi.2020.44.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2020.44.6","url":null,"abstract":"Gambling-related harm has become a key metric for measuring the adverse consequences of gambling on a population level. Yet, despite this renewed understanding in contemporary research, little exploration has been conducted to evaluate which instrument is best suited to capture the harmful consequences of gambling. This study was designed with the aim of determining whether Likert scales were better suited to capture gambling harm than binary scales. We hypothesized that the Short Gambling Harm Screen (SGHS), initially scored using a binary scale, would perform similarly to the alternate form that was Likertized for the purpose of this study. A corresponding comparison in the reverse direction was executed for the Problem Gambling Severity Index. The SGHS’s performance was assessed via a repeated-measures design in combination with three other measures of validity administered at the conclusion of the survey. In the end, we found that changing the scoring format (i.e., from binary to Likert) had negligible impact on the SGHS’s psychometric performance. We conclude that the original scoring method of the SGHS is not only appropriate but also no less suitable than Likert scales in measuring gambling harm. Resume Les dommages lies au jeu sont devenus une mesure cle pour evaluer les consequences nefastes du jeu a l’echelle de la population. Pourtant, malgre cette comprehension renouvelee dans la recherche contemporaine, on effectue tres peu d’exploration pour evaluer quel instrument est le mieux adapte pour comprendre les consequences nefastes du jeu. Cette etude a ete concue dans le but de determiner si les echelles de Likert etaient mieux adaptees que les echelles binaires pour saisir les dommages lies au jeu. Nous avons emis l’hypothese que le depistage rapide du jeu problematique (Short Gambling Harm Screen ou SGHS), initialement evalue a l’aide d’une echelle binaire, ne fonctionnera pas differemment de la forme de Likert alternative qui a ete creee aux fins de cette etude. Une comparaison correspondante dans la direction inverse a ete effectuee pour l'indice de gravite du jeu excessif (PGSI). Les performances du SGHS ont ete evaluees par un plan de mesures repetees, combines a trois autres mesures de validite administrees a la fin du sondage. En fin de compte, nous avons constate que le changement du format de pointage (c.-a-d. du binaire au Likert) avait un impact negligeable sur le rendement psychometrique du SGHS. Nous concluons que la methode de pointage originale du SGHS est non seulement appropriee, mais egalement non moins appropriee que les echelles de Likert pour evaluer les dommages lies au jeu.","PeriodicalId":45414,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gambling Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44339160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the abandonment of the criterion of committing illegal acts in the diagnosis of pathological gambling in fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), research confirms the significant link between crime, gambling, and gambling addiction. In Poland, this connection is observed by psychologists working in the prison service, who simultaneously report the need for more structured interactions that would solve gambling problems among prisoners. The lack of any data on the involvement of persons committing crimes in gambling in Poland formed the basis for the implementation of a survey of gambling behaviour and gambling problems among male offenders in Polish correctional institutions. A total of 1,219 sentenced men took part in the study. The research tool included 75 questions, including queries from the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS). Based on SOGS, the prevalence rate of severe problem gambling was 29.4% over the lifetimes of the prisoners. As many as 13.1% of respondents admitted to having gambled in prison. This activity usually involved cards, bets or dice. More than 74% of incarcerated men who gambled in prison met the criteria for pathological gambling. Prisoners who gambled more in prison than at liberty made up 27.7%. As many as 69.3% of respondents declared that while in prison, they had met fellow convicts experiencing problems because of gambling. The study shows that criminals continue gambling after detention, especially those who are problem gamblers, an overall finding which implies the need to implement preventive and therapeutic interventions in correctional institutions. Resume Malgre l’abandon du critere d’actes illegaux dans le diagnostic du jeu pathologique, dans la cinquieme edition du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux (DSM-V), la recherche confirme le lien important entre criminalite, jeu et dependance. En Pologne, ce lien est observe par des psychologues travaillant dans le service penitentiaire, signalant en meme temps le besoin d’interactions plus structurees qui resoudraient les problemes de jeu chez les detenus. L’absence de donnees sur la participation de personnes commettant des delits aux jeux d’argent en Pologne a servi de base a la mise en œuvre d’une enquete sur les comportements et les problemes de jeu chez les delinquants de sexe masculin dans les etablissements correctionnels polonais. Au total, 1 219 prisonniers ont participe a l’etude. L’outil de recherche comprenait 75 questions, dont des questions tirees du South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS). Selon le SOGS, le taux de prevalence du jeu problematique severe etait de 29,4 % au cours de la vie des detenus. Jusqu’a 13,1 % des repondants ont reconnu avoir joue en prison. Les jeux comprenaient generalement des cartes, des paris ou des des. Plus de 74 % des hommes incarceres qui ont joue en prison repondaient aux criteres de jeu pathologique. Les detenus qui jouaient plus en prison qu’en liberte rep
尽管第五版《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》(DSM-V)在病态赌博的诊断中放弃了违法行为的标准，但研究证实了犯罪、赌博和赌博成瘾之间的重要联系。在波兰，在监狱服务部门工作的心理学家观察到了这种联系，他们同时报告说，需要更多有组织的互动，以解决囚犯之间的赌博问题。由于缺乏关于在波兰赌博犯罪的人参与赌博的任何数据，因此对波兰惩教机构中男性罪犯的赌博行为和赌博问题进行了调查。共有1219名被判刑的男子参加了这项研究。该研究工具包括75个问题，其中包括来自南橡树赌博屏幕(SOGS)的问题。根据SOGS，囚犯一生中严重问题赌博的患病率为29.4%。多达13.1%的受访者承认曾在狱中赌博。这种活动通常涉及纸牌、赌注或骰子。在监狱里赌博的囚犯中，超过74%的人符合病态赌博的标准。在监狱中赌博多于在自由时赌博的囚犯占27.7%。多达69.3%的受访者表示，他们在狱中曾遇到因赌博而出现问题的狱友。研究显示，罪犯在被拘留后继续赌博，特别是那些有问题的赌徒。这是一项全面的调查结果，表明有必要在惩教机构实施预防和治疗干预措施。《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》(DSM-V)，《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》，《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》，《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》，《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》，《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》，《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》，《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》，《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》。在波兰，我们可以观察到心理学家和服务监狱之间的关系，重要的文化因素是相互作用和结构的相互作用，这些结构是由文化问题和文化问题组成的。没有人参与，没有人参与，没有人参与，没有人参与，没有人参与，没有人参与，没有人参与，没有人参与，没有人参与，没有人参与，没有人参与，没有人参与，没有人参与，没有人参与，没有人参与，没有人参与。总共有1 219名囚犯没有参加这项研究。L ' til de recherche理解75个问题，不需要回答南橡树赌博屏幕(SOGS)的问题。Selon le SOGS, le taux de患病率du jeu problematique severe etaile de de de detenus。调查对象中有13.1%的人在监狱中没有调查过犯罪行为。这是一项综合综合研究，这是一项综合综合研究，这是一项综合综合研究，这是一项综合综合研究，这是一项综合综合研究。Les detenus qui jouaent + en prison quen liberte代表27.7%。调查对象中有69.3%的人不承认自己的罪行，不承认自己的罪行，不承认自己的罪行，不承认自己的罪行。在拘留后继续拘留罪犯，特别是在拘留后继续拘留，特别是在拘留后继续拘留，在拘留后继续拘留，在拘留后继续拘留，在拘留后继续拘留，在拘留后继续拘留，在拘留后继续拘留，在拘留后继续拘留，在拘留后继续拘留，在拘留后继续拘留，在拘留后继续拘留，在拘留后继续拘留。
{"title":"Gambling in Prisons – A Nationwide Polish Study of Sentenced Men","authors":"Bernadeta Lelonek-Kuleta","doi":"10.4309/jgi.2020.44.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2020.44.7","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the abandonment of the criterion of committing illegal acts in the diagnosis of pathological gambling in fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), research confirms the significant link between crime, gambling, and gambling addiction. In Poland, this connection is observed by psychologists working in the prison service, who simultaneously report the need for more structured interactions that would solve gambling problems among prisoners. The lack of any data on the involvement of persons committing crimes in gambling in Poland formed the basis for the implementation of a survey of gambling behaviour and gambling problems among male offenders in Polish correctional institutions. A total of 1,219 sentenced men took part in the study. The research tool included 75 questions, including queries from the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS). Based on SOGS, the prevalence rate of severe problem gambling was 29.4% over the lifetimes of the prisoners. As many as 13.1% of respondents admitted to having gambled in prison. This activity usually involved cards, bets or dice. More than 74% of incarcerated men who gambled in prison met the criteria for pathological gambling. Prisoners who gambled more in prison than at liberty made up 27.7%. As many as 69.3% of respondents declared that while in prison, they had met fellow convicts experiencing problems because of gambling. The study shows that criminals continue gambling after detention, especially those who are problem gamblers, an overall finding which implies the need to implement preventive and therapeutic interventions in correctional institutions. Resume Malgre l’abandon du critere d’actes illegaux dans le diagnostic du jeu pathologique, dans la cinquieme edition du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux (DSM-V), la recherche confirme le lien important entre criminalite, jeu et dependance. En Pologne, ce lien est observe par des psychologues travaillant dans le service penitentiaire, signalant en meme temps le besoin d’interactions plus structurees qui resoudraient les problemes de jeu chez les detenus. L’absence de donnees sur la participation de personnes commettant des delits aux jeux d’argent en Pologne a servi de base a la mise en œuvre d’une enquete sur les comportements et les problemes de jeu chez les delinquants de sexe masculin dans les etablissements correctionnels polonais. Au total, 1 219 prisonniers ont participe a l’etude. L’outil de recherche comprenait 75 questions, dont des questions tirees du South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS). Selon le SOGS, le taux de prevalence du jeu problematique severe etait de 29,4 % au cours de la vie des detenus. Jusqu’a 13,1 % des repondants ont reconnu avoir joue en prison. Les jeux comprenaient generalement des cartes, des paris ou des des. Plus de 74 % des hommes incarceres qui ont joue en prison repondaient aux criteres de jeu pathologique. Les detenus qui jouaient plus en prison qu’en liberte rep","PeriodicalId":45414,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gambling Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48880752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The term gambling harm refers to the negative consequences associated with excessive gambling and is central to many definitions of problem gambling. For example, in Australia, problem gambling is defined as ‘‘difficulties in limiting money and/or time spent on gambling which leads to adverse consequences for the gambler, others, or for the community’’ (Neal et al., 2005). This definition is generally consistent with modern public health approaches to gambling policy that principally focus on the consequences or harms arising from gambling, rather than on individual pathology or behaviour (Abbott et al., 2013; Korn & Shaffer, 2001, Shaffer & Korn, 2002). The dimensions of gambling harm are generally well recognized. Harm, according to the Productivity Commission (1999), falls into several principal dimensions: personal, interpersonal, financial, vocational, and legal. Similar dimensions are listed by Langham et al. (2016) in a dedicated review and taxonomy of gambling harms. They categorize harms as financial, those relating to work or study, health-related, psychological, social, and another miscellaneous category that captures deviant or dysfunctional behaviours such as dishonesty, criminal acts, and child neglect.
{"title":"Opportunity Cost and Gambling: Distinguishing Between Competing Activities and Harm","authors":"P. Delfabbro, Daniel L. King, Neophytos Georgiou","doi":"10.4309/JGI.2020.44.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4309/JGI.2020.44.9","url":null,"abstract":"The term gambling harm refers to the negative consequences associated with excessive gambling and is central to many definitions of problem gambling. For example, in Australia, problem gambling is defined as ‘‘difficulties in limiting money and/or time spent on gambling which leads to adverse consequences for the gambler, others, or for the community’’ (Neal et al., 2005). This definition is generally consistent with modern public health approaches to gambling policy that principally focus on the consequences or harms arising from gambling, rather than on individual pathology or behaviour (Abbott et al., 2013; Korn & Shaffer, 2001, Shaffer & Korn, 2002). The dimensions of gambling harm are generally well recognized. Harm, according to the Productivity Commission (1999), falls into several principal dimensions: personal, interpersonal, financial, vocational, and legal. Similar dimensions are listed by Langham et al. (2016) in a dedicated review and taxonomy of gambling harms. They categorize harms as financial, those relating to work or study, health-related, psychological, social, and another miscellaneous category that captures deviant or dysfunctional behaviours such as dishonesty, criminal acts, and child neglect.","PeriodicalId":45414,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gambling Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42543809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Forsström, P. Lindner, M. Jansson-Fröjmark, H. Hesser, P. Carlbring
Instruments that investigate different aspects of gambling activities are needed to distinguish negative consequences. Because gambling is a complex activity that occurs both offline and online, different questionnaires are necessary for screening and risk classification. GamTest, an instrument used by several gambling companies, was designed to cover different aspects of gambling: money and time spent, as well as social, financial, and emotional consequences. This study explores GamTest’s psychometric properties in a general population. A total of 2,234 Swedish respondents completed an online survey containing demographic questions, the questionnaire (GamTest), and the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). A confirmatory factor analysis was performed and GamTest’s reliability and validity tested. The confirmatory factor analysis yielded an inclusive fit. The internal consistency (omega) for the five factors was high (.79–.91), indicating good reliability, and a high positive correlation with the PGSI supported the validity of the GamTest. The inclusive fit of the confirmatory factor analysis can be explained by the low endorsement of negative consequences of gambling in the sample. However, GamTest seems to have good reliability and validity. The utility of GamTest is discussed in relation to its psychometric properties and its use in the responsible gambling tool Playscan.RésuméPour être en mesure d’évaluer les conséquences négatives du jeu, il nous faut des instruments qui étudient différents aspects de ces activités. Comme le jeu est une activité complexe qui se déroule à la fois hors ligne et en ligne, différents questionnaires sont nécessaires à des fins de dépistage et de classification des risques. Le GamTest est un instrument utilisé par plusieurs entreprises de jeux d’argent. Il a été conçu pour couvrir différents aspects du jeu: l’argent dépensé et le temps passé, ainsi que les conséquences sociales, financières et émotionnelles. Cette étude explore les propriétés psychométriques du GamTest dans une population en général. Au total, 2234 Suédois ont répondu à un sondage en ligne contenant des questions démographiques, le questionnaire (GamTest) et l’indice de gravité du jeu problématique. Une analyse factorielle de confirmation a été effectuée. La fiabilité et la validité du GamTest ont également été testées. L’analyse factorielle de confirmation a donné un ajustement inclusif. La cohérence interne (Omega) pour les cinq facteurs était élevée (0,79 à 0,91) indiquant une bonne fiabilité. Une corrélation positive élevée avec l’IGPJ a confirmé la validité du GamTest. L’ajustement inclusif de l’analyse factorielle peut s’expliquer par le faible endossement des conséquences négatives du jeu dans l’échantillon. Cependant, le GamTest semble être fiable et valide. L’utilité du Gamtest est abordée sous l’angle de ses propriétés psychométriques et de son utilisation dans l’outil de jeu responsable Plyscan.
需要调查赌博活动不同方面的工具来区分消极后果。由于赌博是一种复杂的活动，在线下和线上都有发生，因此需要不同的调查问卷来进行筛查和风险分类。GamTest是几家赌博公司使用的一种工具，旨在涵盖赌博的不同方面:花费的金钱和时间，以及社会、经济和情感后果。本研究探讨了GamTest在普通人群中的心理测量特性。共有2234名瑞典受访者完成了一项在线调查，其中包括人口统计问题、问卷调查(GamTest)和赌博问题严重程度指数(PGSI)。进行了验证性因子分析，并对GamTest进行了信度和效度测试。验证性因子分析产生了一个包容性的拟合。5个因素的内部一致性(ω)较高(0.79 - 0.91)，表明信度较好，且与PGSI呈高度正相关，支持GamTest的有效性。验证性因子分析的包容性拟合可以通过样本中赌博负面后果的低认可来解释。然而，GamTest似乎具有良好的可靠性和有效性。本文讨论了GamTest的效用，包括它的心理测量特性及其在赌博工具Playscan中的应用。ResumePour可能在序d 'evaluer les后果底片du戏言,il常识应该des仪器,etudient de ces活动不同的方面。像赌博是一个activite complexe, se deroule像鹅开胃线等线,不同的问卷是necessaires des鳍de depistage et des个分类。Le GamTest是一种仪器测试工具，适用于各种各样的代理企业。Il疾病concu倒couvrir du戏言不同方面:l银depense et le temps过时,依照ainsi优势种变量的后果,金融等emotionnelles。Cette - samuest - samuest - samuest - samuest - samuest - samuest - samuest - samuest - samuest总共有2234个susamdois和susamdois的数据，这些数据包含了关于susamdois和samdois的问题、问卷(GamTest)以及关于susamdois和samdois的数据。我们分析了确认因素和影响因素。La fiabilit et La validit du GamTest ont samgalement samgalement testsames。我将分析确认因素，并对调整内容进行分析。)与其他5个因素有关。一个确认的薪金薪金为正的薪金薪金。调整包括“分析因素”、“分析因素”、“确定因素”、“确定因素”、“确定因素”、“确定因素”、“确定因素”、“确定因素”、“确定因素”。继承，GamTest集合être可验证。L ' utilitise du Gamtest est bordsame, L 'angle de ses propriacess, s ' psychocomsamtriques, and de son utilization, L 'outil de jeu responsyscan。
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