Abstract Variable use of the canonical participle for the canonical preterite is attested cross-dialectally in English. However, most variationist studies of this phenomenon focus on variability for one or a few verbs rather than the full set of verbs with canonically distinct preterites and participles. This study examines participle-for-preterite variation across this full set of verbs in Tyneside English. We find that variability is lexically and morphophonologically restricted, and overall subject to change from above toward use of the canonical preterite. At the same time, there may be a countervailing trend in which low-frequency verbs that form the participle by changing the stressed vowel to /ʌ/ are changing toward usage of the participle for the preterite. We suggest that the pattern of variation indicates that, although the canonical forms of two categories are varying, the categories themselves remain distinct in speakers’ grammars.
{"title":"Participle-for-preterite variation in Tyneside English","authors":"Sofia Serbicki, Ruijin Lan, Daniel Duncan","doi":"10.1075/eww.00081.ser","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00081.ser","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Variable use of the canonical participle for the canonical preterite is attested cross-dialectally in English. However, most variationist studies of this phenomenon focus on variability for one or a few verbs rather than the full set of verbs with canonically distinct preterites and participles. This study examines participle-for-preterite variation across this full set of verbs in Tyneside English. We find that variability is lexically and morphophonologically restricted, and overall subject to change from above toward use of the canonical preterite. At the same time, there may be a countervailing trend in which low-frequency verbs that form the participle by changing the stressed vowel to /ʌ/ are changing toward usage of the participle for the preterite. We suggest that the pattern of variation indicates that, although the canonical forms of two categories are varying, the categories themselves remain distinct in speakers’ grammars.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136381092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Obituary","authors":"Edgar W. Schneider","doi":"10.1075/eww.00082.sch","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00082.sch","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Linguistic research refers to many related accents in Southeast England: Standard Southern British English (SSBE), Received Pronunciation (RP), Estuary English (EE), Cockney and Multicultural London English (MLE). However, there is inconsistency and imprecision in the demarcation of these accents based on linguistic and social factors. This paper delineates accents in Southeast England based on patterns of linguistic co-variation which we then relate to social predictors. We applied functional Principal Component Analysis to F1 and F2 measurements for diphthongs extracted from wordlist and passage productions for 193 young, south-eastern speakers. Principal Components were entered into a clustering analysis that identified patterns of linguistic co-occurrence. Three clusters emerge, broadly aligning with SSBE, MLE and EE for both linguistic and social factors. We illustrate the linguistic centre of gravity of the three diphthong systems for use as reference points in future research, and we discuss the need to make explicit how accents are defined.
{"title":"The search for linguistically coherent accents","authors":"Amanda Cole, Patrycja Strycharczuk","doi":"10.1075/eww.22054.col","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.22054.col","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Linguistic research refers to many related accents in Southeast England: Standard Southern British English (SSBE), Received Pronunciation (RP), Estuary English (EE), Cockney and Multicultural London English (MLE). However, there is inconsistency and imprecision in the demarcation of these accents based on linguistic and social factors. This paper delineates accents in Southeast England based on patterns of linguistic co-variation which we then relate to social predictors. We applied functional Principal Component Analysis to F1 and F2 measurements for diphthongs extracted from wordlist and passage productions for 193 young, south-eastern speakers. Principal Components were entered into a clustering analysis that identified patterns of linguistic co-occurrence. Three clusters emerge, broadly aligning with SSBE, MLE and EE for both linguistic and social factors. We illustrate the linguistic centre of gravity of the three diphthong systems for use as reference points in future research, and we discuss the need to make explicit how accents are defined.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134912477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Work on variable (ing) has highlighted its long-term stability and shared conditioning across English varieties. Here, we ask whether similar stability and conditioning holds in Australian English over time and across ethnicity. The data come from sociolinguistic interviews with 204 Australians stratified according to age, gender, social class and ethnicity, drawn from the Sydney Speaks project. Analyses of 13,000 (ing) tokens reveal very low alveolar rates, but generally similar conditioning to that of other English varieties, with the exception of word class, for which variability was initially largely limited to verbal tokens before extending to include the pronouns something and nothing. Ethnic differences are evident in rates of use: Italian Australians evince higher, and Greek and Chinese Australians lower, rates of [n]. These differences are accounted for by class affiliations, suggesting that (ing) may be an ideal variable for considering the interplay between social class and ethnicity.
{"title":"Stability and change in (ing)","authors":"Catherine E. Travis, James Grama, Benjamin Purser","doi":"10.1075/eww.22043.tra","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.22043.tra","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Work on variable (ing) has highlighted its long-term stability and shared conditioning across English varieties. Here, we ask whether similar stability and conditioning holds in Australian English over time and across ethnicity. The data come from sociolinguistic interviews with 204 Australians stratified according to age, gender, social class and ethnicity, drawn from the Sydney Speaks project. Analyses of 13,000 (ing) tokens reveal very low alveolar rates, but generally similar conditioning to that of other English varieties, with the exception of word class, for which variability was initially largely limited to verbal tokens before extending to include the pronouns something and nothing. Ethnic differences are evident in rates of use: Italian Australians evince higher, and Greek and Chinese Australians lower, rates of [n]. These differences are accounted for by class affiliations, suggesting that (ing) may be an ideal variable for considering the interplay between social class and ethnicity.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48538253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the Twitter Corpus of Philippine Englishes (TCOPE): a dataset of 27 million tweets amounting to 135 million words collected from 29 cities across the Philippines. It provides an overview of the dataset, and then shows how it can be employed to examine Philippine English (PhilE) and its relationship with extralinguistic factors (e.g. ethno-geographic region, time, sex). The focus is on the patterns of variation involving four PhilE features: (1) irregular past tense morpheme -t, (2) double comparatives, (3) subjunctive were, and (4) phrasal verb base from. My analyses corroborate previous work and further demonstrate structured heterogeneity within PhilE, indicating that it is a multifaceted and dynamic variety. TCOPE has shown itself to be useful for exploring both the “general” features of contemporary PhilE and the different forms of variation within it. It contributes to a deeper understanding of Philippine English(es) over time and in different social contexts.
{"title":"Broadening horizons in the diachronic and sociolinguistic study of Philippine English with the Twitter Corpus of\u0000 Philippine Englishes (TCOPE)","authors":"W. D. Gonzales","doi":"10.1075/eww.22047.gon","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.22047.gon","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents the Twitter Corpus of Philippine Englishes (TCOPE): a dataset of 27 million tweets amounting\u0000 to 135 million words collected from 29 cities across the Philippines. It provides an overview of the dataset, and then shows how\u0000 it can be employed to examine Philippine English (PhilE) and its relationship with extralinguistic factors (e.g. ethno-geographic\u0000 region, time, sex). The focus is on the patterns of variation involving four PhilE features: (1) irregular past tense morpheme\u0000 -t, (2) double comparatives, (3) subjunctive were, and (4) phrasal verb base\u0000 from. My analyses corroborate previous work and further demonstrate structured heterogeneity within PhilE, indicating\u0000 that it is a multifaceted and dynamic variety. TCOPE has shown itself to be useful for exploring both the “general” features of\u0000 contemporary PhilE and the different forms of variation within it. It contributes to a deeper understanding of Philippine\u0000 English(es) over time and in different social contexts.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45423076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article traces the history of the minor complementisers as if, as though, and like (when they follow evidential verbs such as seem and look) in Canadian English. By the 21st century, both as if and as though were rare in Canada, while like appeared to have become popular (López-Couso and Méndez-Naya 2012b). The Victoria English Archive (D’Arcy 2011–2014, 2015; Roeder, Onosson, and D’Arcy 2018) is used to map out the change in a combination of synchronic and diachronic spoken data. Results show that as if and as though are unusual even in the earliest speakers, which puts spoken Canadian English at odds with contemporaneous writing (Brook 2014). However, this unexpected register difference may explain why the complementiser like caught on in North American dialects of English sooner and more readily than in the United Kingdom – where a robust as if and as though in speech would have remained barriers.
本文追溯了加拿大英语中as if, as though和like(当它们跟在诸如seem和look之类的证据动词后面时)的小调补语的历史。到了21世纪，as if和as though这两个词在加拿大已经很少见了，而like似乎变得很流行(López-Couso和msamudez - naya 2012b)。维多利亚英语档案(D 'Arcy 2011-2014, 2015;Roeder, Onosson, and D 'Arcy(2018))用于绘制共时性和历时性口语数据组合的变化。结果显示，即使在最早的使用者中，as if和as though也不常见，这使得加拿大英语口语与当时的写作不一致(Brook 2014)。然而，这种意想不到的语域差异可能解释了为什么补语词like在北美英语方言中比在英国更快、更容易流行起来——在英国，强有力的as if和as though在讲话中仍然是障碍。
{"title":"As if, as though, and like in Canadian English","authors":"Marisa Brook","doi":"10.1075/eww.22038.bro","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.22038.bro","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article traces the history of the minor complementisers as if, as though,\u0000 and like (when they follow evidential verbs such as seem and look) in Canadian\u0000 English. By the 21st century, both as if and as though were rare in Canada, while\u0000 like appeared to have become popular (López-Couso and Méndez-Naya\u0000 2012b). The Victoria English Archive (D’Arcy 2011–2014,\u0000 2015; Roeder, Onosson, and D’Arcy 2018)\u0000 is used to map out the change in a combination of synchronic and diachronic spoken data. Results show that as if\u0000 and as though are unusual even in the earliest speakers, which puts spoken Canadian English at odds with\u0000 contemporaneous writing (Brook 2014). However, this unexpected register difference may\u0000 explain why the complementiser like caught on in North American dialects of English sooner and more readily than\u0000 in the United Kingdom – where a robust as if and as though in speech would have remained\u0000 barriers.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47251938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Representativeness in regional dialectology is critical to avoid essentialization when describing regional and ethnic language variation. Yet, regional vowel studies still tend to focus on majority-white communities. Additionally, lack of research on the Great Plains leaves research on regional variation in Latinx Englishes incomplete. We examine a majority-Latinx community in a dialect region where the Low Back Vowel Merger Shift (LBMS) is widespread to examine participation in this sound shift and to document Latinx variation in the Great Plains. Findings illustrate the widespread presence of the LBMS for all participants, but with a less pronounced prenasal trap/ban split. The latter represents a vocalic pattern attested in numerous US Latinx communities. Anglos from the majority-Latinx field site variably pattern with their Latinx peers in their production of ban. These patterns illustrate participation in regional sound changes while also documenting supra-regional variation and local participation in Latinx English variants by Anglo peers.
{"title":"A new majority","authors":"Mary Kohn, Trevin Garcia","doi":"10.1075/eww.22035.koh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.22035.koh","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Representativeness in regional dialectology is critical to avoid essentialization when describing regional and ethnic language variation. Yet, regional vowel studies still tend to focus on majority-white communities. Additionally, lack of research on the Great Plains leaves research on regional variation in Latinx Englishes incomplete. We examine a majority-Latinx community in a dialect region where the Low Back Vowel Merger Shift (LBMS) is widespread to examine participation in this sound shift and to document Latinx variation in the Great Plains. Findings illustrate the widespread presence of the LBMS for all participants, but with a less pronounced prenasal trap/ban split. The latter represents a vocalic pattern attested in numerous US Latinx communities. Anglos from the majority-Latinx field site variably pattern with their Latinx peers in their production of ban. These patterns illustrate participation in regional sound changes while also documenting supra-regional variation and local participation in Latinx English variants by Anglo peers.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41351326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Bolton, Botha & Kirkpatrick (2020): The Handbook of Asian Englishes","authors":"Lisa Lehnen","doi":"10.1075/eww.22052.leh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.22052.leh","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41264948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Mühleisen (2022): Genre in World Englishes: Case Studies from the Caribbean","authors":"Bettina Migge","doi":"10.1075/eww.23007.mig","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.23007.mig","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46666797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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