Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/00664677.2021.1929067
R. Lohmann
ABSTRACT Just as people require territory to live and to develop traditions, spirit beings require human minds that can represent them as real in order to exist and develop distinctive characteristics. Both human beings and spirit beings tend to gather in mutual support groups, bound by cultural compatibilities to secure their needs. Like human societies, culturally different spirit groups can come into conflict over the same resources. In central New Guinea in the 1970s, Telefolmin Baptist missionaries introduced the Christian triune god, angels, and devil to the neighbouring Asabano people. As converts accepted this exogenous group of spirit beings as real, the native sprites, object spirits, witches, dual souls, and culture heroes of the pre-Christian tradition were displaced, distorted, or destroyed. In this case, the competition between established and incoming spirit beings for the same minds produced outcomes for spirit beings that are reminiscent of what happens to human beings in colonialism, when indigenous peoples face powerful settlers who challenge their sovereignty.
{"title":"Spirit Colonists in New Guinea Minds","authors":"R. Lohmann","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2021.1929067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2021.1929067","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Just as people require territory to live and to develop traditions, spirit beings require human minds that can represent them as real in order to exist and develop distinctive characteristics. Both human beings and spirit beings tend to gather in mutual support groups, bound by cultural compatibilities to secure their needs. Like human societies, culturally different spirit groups can come into conflict over the same resources. In central New Guinea in the 1970s, Telefolmin Baptist missionaries introduced the Christian triune god, angels, and devil to the neighbouring Asabano people. As converts accepted this exogenous group of spirit beings as real, the native sprites, object spirits, witches, dual souls, and culture heroes of the pre-Christian tradition were displaced, distorted, or destroyed. In this case, the competition between established and incoming spirit beings for the same minds produced outcomes for spirit beings that are reminiscent of what happens to human beings in colonialism, when indigenous peoples face powerful settlers who challenge their sovereignty.","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"63 1","pages":"148 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88951086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-18DOI: 10.1080/00664677.2021.1895070
M. Main
ABSTRACT This paper is an analysis of organised armed conflict, as occurs among the Huli speaking population of Papua New Guinea’s Hela Province. I argue that Huli warfare is viewed from a Huli perspective in historical terms, and that Huli wars are fundamentally fought over the control and authority over the historical narrative, and therefore the control and authority over resources into the future. Most importantly warfare is understood as an undesirable and avoidable failure of dispute resolution mechanisms. I also argue against the common view that pre-colonial warfare was conducted according to rules that prevented the more egregious acts that occur today, especially when it comes to the killing of women. Warfare needs to be understood in terms of trauma, and the consequences of its lived experience. Finally, the link between warfare and the presence of extractive industry is in the historical agency of that industry, and persistent and erroneous views about tribal warfare serve to deny that link.
{"title":"The Land of Painted Bones: Warfare, Trauma, and History in Papua New Guinea’s Hela Province","authors":"M. Main","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2021.1895070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2021.1895070","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper is an analysis of organised armed conflict, as occurs among the Huli speaking population of Papua New Guinea’s Hela Province. I argue that Huli warfare is viewed from a Huli perspective in historical terms, and that Huli wars are fundamentally fought over the control and authority over the historical narrative, and therefore the control and authority over resources into the future. Most importantly warfare is understood as an undesirable and avoidable failure of dispute resolution mechanisms. I also argue against the common view that pre-colonial warfare was conducted according to rules that prevented the more egregious acts that occur today, especially when it comes to the killing of women. Warfare needs to be understood in terms of trauma, and the consequences of its lived experience. Finally, the link between warfare and the presence of extractive industry is in the historical agency of that industry, and persistent and erroneous views about tribal warfare serve to deny that link.","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"41 1","pages":"129 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82432087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-21DOI: 10.1080/00664677.2021.1886904
Jifeng Liu
ABSTRACT The growing literature on diasporic Chinese Christians in both America and Europe does not address the position of Chinese Christians when encountering more dominant or even antagonistic religious or ethnic groups. This research considers Chinese Christian evangelism in Sarawak, Malaysia, towards indigenous Iban people. In Malaysia, ethnic Chinese Christians are both a religious and cultural minority, navigating the politics of ethnicity and Islamisation in a diverse, majority Muslim country. Drawing on the ethnography of Chinese Methodists in Sarawak, this article explores the ways in which Christianity is localised and involved in the relations between Chinese, Iban, and Malay people. Chinese Christians compete with the state’s agenda of Islamisation and pursue a sense of calling, morality and citizenship in a context of ethnic and religious diversity. By actively proselytising the indigenous people, rather than passively submitting to the state’s political arrangements, the Chinese Christian diaspora interacts with the indigenous majority and in so doing participates in domestic ethno-politics.
{"title":"Proselytising the Indigenous Majority: Chinese Christians and Interethnic Relations in East Malaysia","authors":"Jifeng Liu","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2021.1886904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2021.1886904","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The growing literature on diasporic Chinese Christians in both America and Europe does not address the position of Chinese Christians when encountering more dominant or even antagonistic religious or ethnic groups. This research considers Chinese Christian evangelism in Sarawak, Malaysia, towards indigenous Iban people. In Malaysia, ethnic Chinese Christians are both a religious and cultural minority, navigating the politics of ethnicity and Islamisation in a diverse, majority Muslim country. Drawing on the ethnography of Chinese Methodists in Sarawak, this article explores the ways in which Christianity is localised and involved in the relations between Chinese, Iban, and Malay people. Chinese Christians compete with the state’s agenda of Islamisation and pursue a sense of calling, morality and citizenship in a context of ethnic and religious diversity. By actively proselytising the indigenous people, rather than passively submitting to the state’s political arrangements, the Chinese Christian diaspora interacts with the indigenous majority and in so doing participates in domestic ethno-politics.","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"70 1","pages":"186 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72662291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-17DOI: 10.1080/00664677.2020.1864575
E. Taylor
Materializing Difference is an ethnography about prestige goods among Gabor Roma in Romania. It describes in great detail how the Gabor collect and trade silver beakers and tankards, and how these ...
{"title":"Materializing Difference: Consumer Culture, Politics, and Ethnicity among Romanian Roma","authors":"E. Taylor","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2020.1864575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2020.1864575","url":null,"abstract":"Materializing Difference is an ethnography about prestige goods among Gabor Roma in Romania. It describes in great detail how the Gabor collect and trade silver beakers and tankards, and how these ...","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"451 1","pages":"220 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82923219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00664677.2021.1893153
Kenneth Sillander
ABSTRACT This introduction to the special issue Qualifying Sociality through Values interrogates the relationship between sociality and values, two concepts that have gained increasing traction in anthropology, but which have not previously been jointly considered. It presents the twofold agenda of the special issue which is to explore how sociality is valued and how values affect sociality. It opens up these ambiguous and morally charged concepts and discusses their utility and ethnographic purchase as tools for understanding social life in practice. The introduction also outlines the contributions and the special issue’s principal findings. Sociality is rendered as a multilaterally value-shaped and ambiguously valued situated practice which is subject to both extension and contraction. Values come out as multi-purposive evaluative criteria which operate as open-ended social resources to different effects, imparting both direction and contingency.
{"title":"Introduction: Qualifying Sociality through Values","authors":"Kenneth Sillander","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2021.1893153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2021.1893153","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This introduction to the special issue Qualifying Sociality through Values interrogates the relationship between sociality and values, two concepts that have gained increasing traction in anthropology, but which have not previously been jointly considered. It presents the twofold agenda of the special issue which is to explore how sociality is valued and how values affect sociality. It opens up these ambiguous and morally charged concepts and discusses their utility and ethnographic purchase as tools for understanding social life in practice. The introduction also outlines the contributions and the special issue’s principal findings. Sociality is rendered as a multilaterally value-shaped and ambiguously valued situated practice which is subject to both extension and contraction. Values come out as multi-purposive evaluative criteria which operate as open-ended social resources to different effects, imparting both direction and contingency.","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"6 1","pages":"1 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79595225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00664677.2021.1886902
T. Gibson
ABSTRACT This paper explores the concepts of value and sociality in the lives of human subjects living in the village of Ara, South Sulawesi, Indonesia in the 1980s. Every individual engaged in several forms of sociality that were associated with different sets of values. As members of noble houses and kingdoms, they interacted with nonhuman subjects such as ancestor spirits and valued their ascribed social rank. As Muslims living in a cosmos structured as a great chain of being, they interacted with nonhuman subjects, such as God, angels, jinn, and the spirits of dead mystics and valued individual salvation. As citizens of Indonesia, they interacted only with other human subjects and as citizens of a nation that valued modernity and development. Individual social actors manoeuvered among these symbolic complexes in accordance with the values they were pursuing at any one point in time and were often able to strategically convert the symbolic capital they accumulated in one field of activity into a form of symbolic capital valued in another.
{"title":"Sociality, Value, and Symbolic Complexes among the Makassar of Indonesia","authors":"T. Gibson","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2021.1886902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2021.1886902","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores the concepts of value and sociality in the lives of human subjects living in the village of Ara, South Sulawesi, Indonesia in the 1980s. Every individual engaged in several forms of sociality that were associated with different sets of values. As members of noble houses and kingdoms, they interacted with nonhuman subjects such as ancestor spirits and valued their ascribed social rank. As Muslims living in a cosmos structured as a great chain of being, they interacted with nonhuman subjects, such as God, angels, jinn, and the spirits of dead mystics and valued individual salvation. As citizens of Indonesia, they interacted only with other human subjects and as citizens of a nation that valued modernity and development. Individual social actors manoeuvered among these symbolic complexes in accordance with the values they were pursuing at any one point in time and were often able to strategically convert the symbolic capital they accumulated in one field of activity into a form of symbolic capital valued in another.","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"15 1","pages":"78 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75104408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00664677.2021.1893154
Harry Walker
ABSTRACT This afterword to the Qualifying Sociality through Values special issue reflects on the challenge, aptly considered by each contributor, to revamp and rejuvenate the sociality concept in light of the ethical turn. It poses three questions. Firstly, just how important are values for sociality? That is, to what extent is social action really conceived and executed through values? Secondly, how does sociality itself figure as a value, and how should we accommodate values that are not obviously prosocial such as separation and withdrawal? Thirdly, what is the relationship between competing values – when and how (if at all) do values genuinely conflict rather than complement or reinforce one other, and how do people then choose between them? These questions are crucial, I suggest, if we are to advance our understanding of how people embark on the shared project of crafting good and meaningful lives.
{"title":"Three Questions About the Social Life of Values","authors":"Harry Walker","doi":"10.1080/00664677.2021.1893154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2021.1893154","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This afterword to the Qualifying Sociality through Values special issue reflects on the challenge, aptly considered by each contributor, to revamp and rejuvenate the sociality concept in light of the ethical turn. It poses three questions. Firstly, just how important are values for sociality? That is, to what extent is social action really conceived and executed through values? Secondly, how does sociality itself figure as a value, and how should we accommodate values that are not obviously prosocial such as separation and withdrawal? Thirdly, what is the relationship between competing values – when and how (if at all) do values genuinely conflict rather than complement or reinforce one other, and how do people then choose between them? These questions are crucial, I suggest, if we are to advance our understanding of how people embark on the shared project of crafting good and meaningful lives.","PeriodicalId":45505,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Forum","volume":"39 1","pages":"94 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74032422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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