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What knowledge counts? Local humanitarian knowledge production in protracted conflicts. A Central African Republic case study 什么知识最重要?长期冲突中的地方人道主义知识生产。中非共和国案例研究
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2021.1989902
Brigitte Piquard
ABSTRACT Sound decision-making in protracted conflict isdependent on the quality and the relevance of the information available and the knowledge produced. Despite the fact that gaps in humanitarian knowledge are common, local humanitarian knowledge is rarely taken into consideration and for political, structural and social reasons, not visible and valued. The paper examines if and how the complementarity of different forms of humanitarian knowledge can reduce existing gaps as well as power imbalances embedded in the humanitarian system. Based on a case study of local humanitarian NGOs’ knowledge production in the Central African Republic, the paper identifies the specificities of local humanitarian knowledge constructed through social consensus, using different information flows and responding to various interests, needs and expectations. It argues that a better understanding of the local humanitarian knowledge, its production, and the collaboration through co-production of knowledge will strengthen sense making and relevance of contextualised humanitarian responses.
持久冲突中的合理决策取决于可用信息和所产生知识的质量和相关性。尽管人道主义知识的差距很普遍,但由于政治、结构和社会原因,当地的人道主义知识很少被考虑在内,也不明显,也不受重视。本文研究了不同形式的人道主义知识的互补性是否以及如何能够减少人道主义系统中现有的差距和权力失衡。本文以中非共和国当地人道主义非政府组织知识生产的案例研究为基础,确定了通过社会共识、利用不同的信息流以及响应各种利益、需求和期望构建的当地人道主义知识的特殊性。它认为,更好地了解当地的人道主义知识、其生产以及通过共同生产知识进行的合作,将加强情境化人道主义应对的意义和相关性。
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引用次数: 6
Enforced silence or mindful non-violent action? Everyday peace and South Korean victims of civilian massacres in the Korean War 强迫沉默还是谨慎的非暴力行动?日常和平与朝鲜战争中平民大屠杀的韩国受害者
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2021-10-13 DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2021.1989901
Hyuk Kang
ABSTRACT This article examines why victims of violence pursue and justify non-violent forms of life in post-conflict environments. While previous scholars tend to explain that victims’ daily mechanism is marked by their silence and avoidance of violent confrontation to have a secure life, this study elaborates victims’ accounts of such actions when they should live together with their perpetrating enemies in the same place. Investigating victims’ narratives in the South Korean context as an example, this study found that victims perform non-violent behaviours as a survival strategy to avoid social stigma and further victimization. Moreover, they adopt ethical considerations to cultivate the moral self and envisage social change. Given the research findings, this study concludes that victims’ daily behaviours have the quality of everyday peace, in that they demonstrate reactive and proactive responses with both practical and moral considerations of their adversaries and the suppressive social structure.
摘要本文探讨了暴力受害者在冲突后环境中追求非暴力生活形式并为其辩护的原因。虽然以前的学者倾向于解释受害者的日常机制是他们保持沉默和避免暴力对抗以获得安全的生活,但本研究详细阐述了受害者在应该与犯罪敌人住在同一个地方时对这种行为的描述。本研究以韩国背景下受害者的叙述为例,发现受害者进行非暴力行为是一种生存策略,以避免社会污名化和进一步受害。此外,他们通过伦理考虑来培养道德自我,并设想社会变革。鉴于研究结果,本研究得出结论,受害者的日常行为具有日常和平的品质,因为他们表现出反应性和主动性的反应,同时考虑到对手的实际和道德考虑以及压制性的社会结构。
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引用次数: 1
Youth as generational configurations: Conceptualising conflicts along generation-based dynamics 青年作为代际结构:根据代际动态概念化冲突
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2021.1989900
Tareq Sydiq, Miriam Tekath
ABSTRACT While research within peace and conflict studies frequently discusses youth, and simultaneously criticises the terminology surrounding it, it predominantly considers it as an age-based category. Based on such criticisms, we develop a conceptualisation of youth as a social category, arguing that such generational configurations allow insights into conflict dynamics hidden by a purely age-based conceptualisation. We contrast definitions of age-based youth rooted in epistemic regimes with a sociological understanding of youth generations in an attempt to decouple our definition from such power structures. We suggest three insights from this: That youth generations can work within existing power structures and institutions to address their concerns, rather than being intrinsically antagonistic towards them; that concepts and definitions of youth are rooted in epistemic regimes and thus conceal their highly diverse and situative experiences; and that third, by forming youth generations as social groups, common experiences generate meaning for generation-based conflict dynamics.
虽然和平与冲突研究中的研究经常讨论青年,同时批评围绕它的术语,但它主要认为它是一个基于年龄的类别。基于这些批评,我们发展了青年作为一个社会类别的概念化,认为这种代际配置允许洞察纯粹基于年龄的概念化所隐藏的冲突动态。我们对比了基于认知制度的基于年龄的青年的定义与对青年一代的社会学理解,试图将我们的定义与这种权力结构脱钩。我们从中提出了三点见解:青年一代可以在现有的权力结构和机构中解决他们的问题,而不是与他们天生对立;关于青年的概念和定义根植于认识体系,因此掩盖了他们高度多样化和情境性的经历;第三,通过将年轻一代形成社会群体,共同的经历为基于世代的冲突动态产生了意义。
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引用次数: 1
Re-conceptualising competitive victimhood in reconciliation processes: the case of Northern Ireland 重新构想和解进程中的竞争性受害者:以北爱尔兰为例
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2021-09-21 DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2021.1977016
Cagla Demirel
ABSTRACT The literature on competitive victimhood (CV) tends be guided by a dichotomous interpretation based on a crude-binary distinction between CV and inclusive/common victimhood, with the former referring to conflict and the latter to reconciliation. For a fine-grained interpretation of CV, this paper aims to show that actors’ use of victimhood narratives can be understood through a richer conceptualization of CV. Observing that actors tend to use victimhood narratives with varying intensity of competitiveness, I propose a CV typology to illustrate narrative variation in conflict-to-peace transition. The typology is developed in a two-staged process, firstly, by analytically distinguishing five categories of CV and, secondly, by putting these categories into practice in the case of Northern Ireland through an analysis of party manifestos and personal interviews with local actors conducted in Belfast in 2018. The empirical results show that the typology is helpful for capturing the transitions of competitiveness in intergroup reconciliation.
竞争性受害者心理(CV)与包容性/共同受害者心理之间存在二元区分,前者指的是冲突,后者指的是和解。为了更细致地解释CV,本文旨在通过更丰富的CV概念化来理解演员对受害者叙事的使用。观察到行动者倾向于使用具有不同竞争强度的受害者叙事,我提出了一个CV类型来说明冲突到和平过渡的叙事变化。该类型学是通过两个阶段的过程发展起来的,首先,通过分析区分五类CV,其次,通过对政党宣言的分析和2018年在贝尔法斯特对当地演员的个人采访,在北爱尔兰的情况下将这些类别付诸实践。实证结果表明,类型学有助于捕捉群体间和解中竞争力的变迁。
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引用次数: 1
Peacebuilding paradigms: the impact of theoretical diversity on implementing sustainable peace 建设和平模式:理论多样性对实现可持续和平的影响
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2021-09-12 DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2021.1977018
Amal Bourhrous
Peacebuilding Paradigms analyzes how seven political science paradigms: realism, liberalism, constructivism, cosmopolitanism, critical theories, locality and policy, have been used to interpret the causes and consequences of peacebuilding differently. The contributors explore the arguments of each paradigm, and then compare and contrast them. This book suggests that a hybrid approach that incorporates useful insights from each of these paradigms best explains how and why peacebuilding projects and policies succeed in some cases, fail in others, and provide lessons learned. Rather than merely using a theoretical approach, the authors use case studies to demonstrate why a focus on just one paradigm alone as an explanatory model is insufficient. This collection explains how peacebuilding theory affects peacebuilding policies and provides recommendations for best practices for future peacebuilding missions.
《建设和平范式》分析了现实主义、自由主义、建构主义、世界主义、批判理论、地方和政策等七种政治科学范式如何被用来不同地解释建设和平的原因和后果。作者探讨了每个范式的论点,然后对它们进行比较和对比。本书认为,结合这些范例的有用见解的混合方法最好地解释了建设和平项目和政策如何以及为什么在某些情况下成功,在其他情况下失败,并提供了经验教训。作者不是仅仅使用理论方法,而是使用案例研究来证明为什么只关注一种范式作为解释模型是不够的。本汇编解释了建设和平理论如何影响建设和平政策,并为今后的建设和平特派团提供了最佳做法建议。
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引用次数: 1
Elite support for peace agreements: evidence from Colombia 精英支持和平协议:来自哥伦比亚的证据
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2021-08-04 DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2021.1956751
Asbel Bohigues, J. Rivas, S. García
ABSTRACT In 2016, Colombians in a plebiscite rejected the Peace Agreement between the government and FARC, although a new version was approved by Congress later that year. Attention has been paid to this plebiscite and public opinion, but little empirical evidence has been offered on the attitudes of the Colombian political elites who ultimately approved the Agreement. Drawing on elite surveys made before (2014) and after (2018) the Agreement, this is the first article to address legislators’ support for political participation of former guerrilla, and reductions of their sentences and penalties. Results show that pro-military and right-leaning legislators were less supportive of political participation, while female and lower-income legislators were less supportive of reductions in sentences. However, between 2014 and 2018 the effect of political attitudes loses strength, as opposed to sociodemographics. We argue that this was due to mixed signals sent by the new government regarding implementation of the Agreement.
摘要2016年,哥伦比亚人在公民投票中否决了政府与哥伦比亚革命武装力量之间的《和平协议》,尽管新版本在当年晚些时候获得了国会的批准。人们对这次公民投票和公众舆论给予了关注,但对最终批准《协定》的哥伦比亚政治精英的态度几乎没有提供实证证据。根据《协议》之前(2014年)和之后(2018年)进行的精英调查,这是第一篇涉及立法者支持前游击队政治参与以及减刑和处罚的文章。结果显示,亲军事和右倾的立法者不太支持政治参与,而女性和低收入的立法者则不太支持减刑。然而,在2014年至2018年间,与社会人口统计相比,政治态度的影响减弱了。我们认为,这是由于新政府在执行《协定》方面发出了混杂的信号。
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引用次数: 0
Dancing conflicts, unfolding peaces: movement as method to elicit conflict transformation 舞动冲突,展开和平:运动作为引发冲突转化的方法
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2021-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2021.1952792
Bernard B. Fyanka
Paula Ditzel Facci’s work on dance and conflict is uniquely poised to occupy a seminal position in applied studies on conflict transformation. Her earlier book On Human Potential: Peace and Conflic...
Paula Ditzel Facci关于舞蹈和冲突的研究在冲突转化的应用研究中占有独特的开创性地位。她的早期著作《人类潜能:和平与冲突》……
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引用次数: 0
Post-ISIL reconciliation in Iraq and the local anatomy of national grievances: the case of Yathrib 后isil时代伊拉克的和解与民族不满的本地剖析:以Yathrib为例
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2021.1940434
Jessica Watkins, Mustafa Hasan
ABSTRACT The incentive for international agencies to promote ‘local’ peacebuilding is commonly premised on the hope that micro-level interventions can nourish grassroots activism and participatory citizenship. Tracing reconciliation processes across Iraq following the defeat of ISIL provides a window through which to view the transactional relationships between ‘national’ and ‘local’ forms of politics, conflict and peace in post-Ba’athist Iraq. This paper focuses on the example of Yathrib, Salah al-Din province, where over ninety per cent of residents were displaced in 2014, and an estimated eighty-five per cent subsequently returned following peace negotiations. The paper uses qualitative interview findings to demonstrate on the one hand that seemingly ‘local’ tribal solutions are built into national-level ‘peace strategies’, while on the other, state capture and power politics is infused into the management of apparently parochial disputes. While these observations are not an indictment of international efforts to intervene at the subnational level, they serve to thoroughly ‘de-romanticise’ the local.
国际机构促进“地方”和平建设的动机通常是基于希望微观层面的干预能够滋养基层行动主义和参与性公民。在伊斯兰国被击败后,追踪伊拉克的和解进程提供了一个窗口,通过这个窗口,我们可以看到后复兴党伊拉克“国家”和“地方”形式的政治、冲突与和平之间的交易关系。本文主要以萨拉赫丁省的亚思里布为例,2014年,那里90%以上的居民流离失所,据估计,85%的居民在和平谈判后返回。本文使用定性访谈结果来证明,一方面,看似“地方”的部落解决方案被构建到国家级的“和平战略”中,而另一方面,国家占领和权力政治被注入到明显的地方争端的管理中。虽然这些观察结果并不是对国际努力在次国家层面进行干预的控诉,但它们有助于彻底“去浪漫化”当地。
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引用次数: 2
Sport and strategic peacebuilding: Northern Ireland and Korea compared 体育与战略和平建设:北爱尔兰与朝鲜的比较
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2021.1936940
David Mitchell, Dan Gudgeon, Dong Jin Kim
ABSTRACT This article contributes to the growing body of scholarship on sport’s peacebuilding capacity by comparing the role of sport in two peace processes, Northern Ireland and Korea. Uniquely, the analysis is guided by the concept of strategic peacebuilding which goes beyond the much-criticised liberal peacebuilding ‘toolkit’ and emphasises the importance of coordinated action at all levels and by many types of actor. The empirical sections examine the peacebuilding roles of sport at state level – in relation to elite sport, symbolism and diplomacy – and at grassroots level, particularly people-to-people projects. The article shows how and why sport has been able to play certain peacebuilding roles in each case, as well as the constraints on sport placed by structural characteristics of the peace processes. The article argues that the sporting domain can make interdependent peacebuilding inputs at each peacebuilding level, and thus has a distinct potential as a dimension of strategic peacebuilding.
摘要本文通过比较体育在北爱尔兰和韩国两个和平进程中的作用,为越来越多的关于体育建设和平能力的学者做出了贡献。独特的是,该分析以战略建设和平的概念为指导,该概念超越了备受批评的自由建设和平“工具包”,强调了各级和多种行为者协调行动的重要性。实证部分考察了体育在国家层面的建设和平作用——与精英体育、象征意义和外交有关——以及在基层,特别是人与人之间的项目。这篇文章展示了体育如何以及为什么能够在每种情况下发挥某些建设和平作用,以及和平进程的结构特征对体育的限制。文章认为,体育领域可以在每个建设和平层面提供相互依存的建设和平投入,因此作为战略建设和平的一个层面具有独特的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Derry girls and the politics of the everyday: theorising for a more youth-inclusive approach to peacebuilding 德里女孩与日常政治:以更包容青年的方式建设和平的理论
IF 1.3 3区 社会学 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2021.1930947
Alina Dixon
ABSTRACT The popular sitcom Derry Girls is a witty take on director Lisa McGee’s adolescent experience in Northern Ireland during the Troubles. While set in an era of exceptional sectarian violence, Derry Girls showcases the ways that conflict becomes entangled within mundane, everyday life and how young people are profoundly affected by conflict yet are continually excluded from conflict-related decision-making. I draw on Derry Girls to unpack the theoretical framework offered by Berents and McEvoy-Levy that seeks to include young people more intentionally in peacebuilding. This paper offers credence to a movement that defines peacebuilding differently than the state-centric and elite-driven model that has predominated peace and conflict studies, and instead follows the important contributions of sociological perspectives to the field. I argue that a more youth-inclusive approach to peacebuilding requires re-examining the very concepts that underpin ‘youth’ and ‘peacebuilding’ and the barometers by which successful peace is measured.
摘要广受欢迎的情景喜剧《德里女孩》诙谐地讲述了导演丽莎·麦基在北爱尔兰动乱期间的青少年经历。《德里女孩》以一个特殊的宗派暴力时代为背景,展示了冲突如何与日常生活纠缠在一起,以及年轻人如何深受冲突的影响,却不断被排除在与冲突有关的决策之外。我利用Derry Girls来解读Berents和McEvoy Levy提出的理论框架,该框架旨在让年轻人更有意识地参与建设和平。这篇论文为一场运动提供了证据,该运动对建设和平的定义与主导和平与冲突研究的以国家为中心和精英驱动的模式不同,而是遵循了社会学视角对该领域的重要贡献。我认为,对建设和平采取更包容青年的方法,需要重新审视支撑“青年”和“建设和平”的概念,以及衡量成功和平的晴雨表。
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引用次数: 3
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