Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2022.2040230
S. M. Rios Oyola
ABSTRACT This article studies ilusión as a temporal dimension of hope, which means a stage in the process of creation of hope as a collective emotional orientation. Ilusión helps explain how some victims of the conflict in Colombia experience an in-betweenness of being animated about today while being hopeless and living under conditions affected by the disorders of the conflict. It shows the contradictions of the multiple temporalities lived by victims of conflict. This article uses a sociology of emotions approach, and it is based on ethnographic research, interviews, and analysis of secondary documentation during a long period (2012–2019). It focuses on the sewing group Choibá, which is located on Quibdó, the capital of Chocó. The group not only promotes skills that are empowering and useful for adapting to life in the city but also promotes the construction of positive emotions that can support a peacebuilding and reconciliation process.
{"title":"Ilusión as a temporal dimension of hope in Colombia","authors":"S. M. Rios Oyola","doi":"10.1080/21647259.2022.2040230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2022.2040230","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article studies ilusión as a temporal dimension of hope, which means a stage in the process of creation of hope as a collective emotional orientation. Ilusión helps explain how some victims of the conflict in Colombia experience an in-betweenness of being animated about today while being hopeless and living under conditions affected by the disorders of the conflict. It shows the contradictions of the multiple temporalities lived by victims of conflict. This article uses a sociology of emotions approach, and it is based on ethnographic research, interviews, and analysis of secondary documentation during a long period (2012–2019). It focuses on the sewing group Choibá, which is located on Quibdó, the capital of Chocó. The group not only promotes skills that are empowering and useful for adapting to life in the city but also promotes the construction of positive emotions that can support a peacebuilding and reconciliation process.","PeriodicalId":45555,"journal":{"name":"Peacebuilding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42299414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-11DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2022.2027661
E. Cole, Valérie Rosoux, Lauren Van Metre
ABSTRACT Is failure in reconciliation reversible, or does it become over determined at some point? Can signs both of reconciliation and its failures co-exist and survive at different levels of peacebuilding? Should we be thinking in terms of ‘reconciliation’ or even ‘reconciliations’ instead of ‘Reconciliation’ with a Big R? To address these questions, this article stresses the factors that emerge from five case studies: 1) the treatment, definitions and feelings of victims of the conflict; 2) the continuation of violence in new forms; 3) the political power struggles that were left unchanged by the conflict; 4) the lack of political will for change, particularly to structures of economic injustice; 5) divisions between national elites and local populations; 6) the role of external actors; 7) deeply entrenched conflict identities and narratives; and 8) the multi-faceted factor of time in assessing success versus failure..
{"title":"Deepening understandings of success and failure in post-conflict reconciliation","authors":"E. Cole, Valérie Rosoux, Lauren Van Metre","doi":"10.1080/21647259.2022.2027661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2022.2027661","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Is failure in reconciliation reversible, or does it become over determined at some point? Can signs both of reconciliation and its failures co-exist and survive at different levels of peacebuilding? Should we be thinking in terms of ‘reconciliation’ or even ‘reconciliations’ instead of ‘Reconciliation’ with a Big R? To address these questions, this article stresses the factors that emerge from five case studies: 1) the treatment, definitions and feelings of victims of the conflict; 2) the continuation of violence in new forms; 3) the political power struggles that were left unchanged by the conflict; 4) the lack of political will for change, particularly to structures of economic injustice; 5) divisions between national elites and local populations; 6) the role of external actors; 7) deeply entrenched conflict identities and narratives; and 8) the multi-faceted factor of time in assessing success versus failure..","PeriodicalId":45555,"journal":{"name":"Peacebuilding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46790728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-09DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2022.2032945
J. Pospíšil
ABSTRACT The lessening likelihood and the often-sobering outcomes of comprehensive national peace processes directed attention to local peacemaking in recent years. Difficult to distinguish and define, local peace agreements work on a broad range of issues and engage a multitude of diverse actors. Local peace agreements construct a world of peacemaking that contradicts an ordered and levelled understanding of conflict. Instead, they reveal hybrid conflictscapes that are enmeshed in ways analytically hard to distinguish. In such an environment, local peace agreements can employ various functions: they can connect and strategise relationships between actors, mitigate and manage conflict settings, or disconnect localities or communities from the broader conflict landscape. In doing so, they do not necessarily work towards a linear and sequenced resolution of a conflict but towards dissolving it by undermining the conflict’s logics and conditions.
{"title":"Dissolving conflict. Local peace agreements and armed conflict transitions","authors":"J. Pospíšil","doi":"10.1080/21647259.2022.2032945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2022.2032945","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The lessening likelihood and the often-sobering outcomes of comprehensive national peace processes directed attention to local peacemaking in recent years. Difficult to distinguish and define, local peace agreements work on a broad range of issues and engage a multitude of diverse actors. Local peace agreements construct a world of peacemaking that contradicts an ordered and levelled understanding of conflict. Instead, they reveal hybrid conflictscapes that are enmeshed in ways analytically hard to distinguish. In such an environment, local peace agreements can employ various functions: they can connect and strategise relationships between actors, mitigate and manage conflict settings, or disconnect localities or communities from the broader conflict landscape. In doing so, they do not necessarily work towards a linear and sequenced resolution of a conflict but towards dissolving it by undermining the conflict’s logics and conditions.","PeriodicalId":45555,"journal":{"name":"Peacebuilding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47112979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2022.2027660
R. Brett
ABSTRACT This article seeks to understand the factors that have impeded meaningful intergroup reconciliation in Guatemala by drawing on scholarship addressing reconciliation, the connections between ideology and violence and wider literature in Peace and Conflict Studies. The article interrogates how the ideological and identitarian frameworks that drove the narratives that precipitated and sustained Guatemala’s genocide against the indigenous Maya have continued to shape the post-genocide social and political landscape. It is the continued instrumentalization of these frameworks in the wake of Guatemala’s peace process that has impeded intergroup reconciliation. Specifically, the article contends that a core driver of Guatemala’s failed reconciliation has been the reticence of the economic and political elites and the Guatemalan military to accept the revision of Guatemala’s conflict history and any meaningful challenge to elite privilege and power. As a result, Guatemala experiences a nexus of continuity between the past and present, between war and peace.
{"title":"In the aftermath of Genocide: Guatemala’s failed reconciliation","authors":"R. Brett","doi":"10.1080/21647259.2022.2027660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2022.2027660","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article seeks to understand the factors that have impeded meaningful intergroup reconciliation in Guatemala by drawing on scholarship addressing reconciliation, the connections between ideology and violence and wider literature in Peace and Conflict Studies. The article interrogates how the ideological and identitarian frameworks that drove the narratives that precipitated and sustained Guatemala’s genocide against the indigenous Maya have continued to shape the post-genocide social and political landscape. It is the continued instrumentalization of these frameworks in the wake of Guatemala’s peace process that has impeded intergroup reconciliation. Specifically, the article contends that a core driver of Guatemala’s failed reconciliation has been the reticence of the economic and political elites and the Guatemalan military to accept the revision of Guatemala’s conflict history and any meaningful challenge to elite privilege and power. As a result, Guatemala experiences a nexus of continuity between the past and present, between war and peace.","PeriodicalId":45555,"journal":{"name":"Peacebuilding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43540238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2022.2032943
Nisar Majid, M. Theros
ABSTRACT A better understanding of ‘local’ agreements vis-a-vis national reconciliation processes is a strong current in policy and academic circles, with Somalia acknowledged as a relevant context with a rich history of such processes. This article examines a local agreement reached in Galkaio, a divided city where renewed violence had national implications around the formation of a new Federal system. It explores the role of external mediators, and strategies used to create buy-in at different levels in the process in order to forge ann agreement that could end violence and address some underlying conflict drivers. It argues how experimentation with sequencing, linking and moving between levels helped ensure the viability and sustainability of the process. It contributes to the literature on mediating multi-level conflicts by focusing analysis on the role played by external mediators, demonstrating the importance of who mediates and how while providing insight into dynamic conflict mediation environments.
{"title":"Galkaio, Somalia: bridging the border","authors":"Nisar Majid, M. Theros","doi":"10.1080/21647259.2022.2032943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2022.2032943","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A better understanding of ‘local’ agreements vis-a-vis national reconciliation processes is a strong current in policy and academic circles, with Somalia acknowledged as a relevant context with a rich history of such processes. This article examines a local agreement reached in Galkaio, a divided city where renewed violence had national implications around the formation of a new Federal system. It explores the role of external mediators, and strategies used to create buy-in at different levels in the process in order to forge ann agreement that could end violence and address some underlying conflict drivers. It argues how experimentation with sequencing, linking and moving between levels helped ensure the viability and sustainability of the process. It contributes to the literature on mediating multi-level conflicts by focusing analysis on the role played by external mediators, demonstrating the importance of who mediates and how while providing insight into dynamic conflict mediation environments.","PeriodicalId":45555,"journal":{"name":"Peacebuilding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45816160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2022.2032946
Allard Duursma
ABSTRACT Much of the quantitative conflict resolution literature focuses on peacemaking efforts aimed at resolving international conflict or civil wars that involve state forces, while ignoring non-state conflict between communal groups, rebel groups, or militias. This article aims to contribute to filling this gap in research. I first put forward a typology of non-state conflicts, based on two dimensions: (1) whether the conflict issues are local or national; and (2) whether the conflict parties receive external support or not. Next, I provide some descriptive statistics on the conclusion of peace agreements in non-state conflicts, which suggest that in locations of peacekeeping operations, the involvement of peacekeeping staff in negotiations makes these negotiations more likely to end in the conclusion of an agreement. The article considers several possible causal mechanisms that drive this effectiveness, including the arranging of logistics, the provision of security, and mitigating biases of relevant stakeholders.
{"title":"Non-state conflicts, peacekeeping, and the conclusion of local agreements","authors":"Allard Duursma","doi":"10.1080/21647259.2022.2032946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2022.2032946","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Much of the quantitative conflict resolution literature focuses on peacemaking efforts aimed at resolving international conflict or civil wars that involve state forces, while ignoring non-state conflict between communal groups, rebel groups, or militias. This article aims to contribute to filling this gap in research. I first put forward a typology of non-state conflicts, based on two dimensions: (1) whether the conflict issues are local or national; and (2) whether the conflict parties receive external support or not. Next, I provide some descriptive statistics on the conclusion of peace agreements in non-state conflicts, which suggest that in locations of peacekeeping operations, the involvement of peacekeeping staff in negotiations makes these negotiations more likely to end in the conclusion of an agreement. The article considers several possible causal mechanisms that drive this effectiveness, including the arranging of logistics, the provision of security, and mitigating biases of relevant stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":45555,"journal":{"name":"Peacebuilding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47567633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-27DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2021.2018180
Benjamin Maiangwa, Christiane Ndedi Essombe, S. Byrne
ABSTRACT The Peace and Conflict Studies (PACS) discipline has advanced critical analysis of armed conflict, ethnic violence, and peacebuilding, yet remains marginally silent on racism/racialisation as a form of violence. Consequently, we employ in this article the notions of ‘structure’ and ‘infrastructure’ to bring the multiple layers of racism to PACS attention. The structure, as we conceive it, are the tangibles of racism, manifested, performed, and enacted in real time. The infrastructure is the ontological grounding or the substratum of structural racism; the intangibles, ideologies and hidden ideas and the everyday destructive metanarratives, which, although mostly disguised at first, condition daily interactions between the dominator cultures and the subalterns. We argue that these forms of racism are products of imperialism and coloniality in settler colonial societies like Canada, which explains why, for the most part, our remedial efforts subsist at the level of the structures, with less impact on the invisibilized infrastructural ideologies sustaining them at the micro levels. We identify some of these infrastructures of racism in Canada, and raise some questions on their tenacity, banality, and the complacency of PACS in their perpetuation in everyday life.
{"title":"The banality of infrastructural racism through the lens of peace and conflict studies","authors":"Benjamin Maiangwa, Christiane Ndedi Essombe, S. Byrne","doi":"10.1080/21647259.2021.2018180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2021.2018180","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Peace and Conflict Studies (PACS) discipline has advanced critical analysis of armed conflict, ethnic violence, and peacebuilding, yet remains marginally silent on racism/racialisation as a form of violence. Consequently, we employ in this article the notions of ‘structure’ and ‘infrastructure’ to bring the multiple layers of racism to PACS attention. The structure, as we conceive it, are the tangibles of racism, manifested, performed, and enacted in real time. The infrastructure is the ontological grounding or the substratum of structural racism; the intangibles, ideologies and hidden ideas and the everyday destructive metanarratives, which, although mostly disguised at first, condition daily interactions between the dominator cultures and the subalterns. We argue that these forms of racism are products of imperialism and coloniality in settler colonial societies like Canada, which explains why, for the most part, our remedial efforts subsist at the level of the structures, with less impact on the invisibilized infrastructural ideologies sustaining them at the micro levels. We identify some of these infrastructures of racism in Canada, and raise some questions on their tenacity, banality, and the complacency of PACS in their perpetuation in everyday life.","PeriodicalId":45555,"journal":{"name":"Peacebuilding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46484489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-24DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2022.2027153
Claire Wright, B. Rolston, Fionnuala Ní Aoláin
ABSTRACT In recent years, interest has grown in how Transitional Justice (TJ) can approach colonial harms and their long-lasting effects, because of a lacuna in both TJ practice and academic research . Scant attention has been paid, particularly, to how peace processes themselves can be undermined by ongoing colonial legacies. In this article, we offer an in-depth case study on Colombia, particularly the Havana Peace Accord of 2016, and discuss how the debris – to use Stoler’s term – of Spanish colonialism relating to land, ethnicity and gender have become evident throughout the process: during the negotiations, in the campaigns prior to the referendum, and while undertaking its implementation. We argue that peace processes must account for ongoing harms rooted in colonial projects; in the first instance, to provide structural justice for those who suffer these harms in a broader sense and, also, to protect the specific aims of the peace process in question.
{"title":"Navigating colonial debris: structural challenges for Colombia’s peace accord","authors":"Claire Wright, B. Rolston, Fionnuala Ní Aoláin","doi":"10.1080/21647259.2022.2027153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2022.2027153","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent years, interest has grown in how Transitional Justice (TJ) can approach colonial harms and their long-lasting effects, because of a lacuna in both TJ practice and academic research . Scant attention has been paid, particularly, to how peace processes themselves can be undermined by ongoing colonial legacies. In this article, we offer an in-depth case study on Colombia, particularly the Havana Peace Accord of 2016, and discuss how the debris – to use Stoler’s term – of Spanish colonialism relating to land, ethnicity and gender have become evident throughout the process: during the negotiations, in the campaigns prior to the referendum, and while undertaking its implementation. We argue that peace processes must account for ongoing harms rooted in colonial projects; in the first instance, to provide structural justice for those who suffer these harms in a broader sense and, also, to protect the specific aims of the peace process in question.","PeriodicalId":45555,"journal":{"name":"Peacebuilding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49530164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2021.1895610
S. Brennan
ABSTRACT The question of whether peacebuilding can be effective arises as liberal internationalist approaches appear unable to sustainably resolve state, inter-state, or ethno-national violence. Such failures have led to claims that peacebuilding, in its ‘post-conflict’ form, is now in a state of ‘crisis’. However, rather than abandoning it, viewed through the lens of post-structuralism, new biopolitical insights arise on how peacebuilding can begin to do what it was conceptualised for, to develop an associative and multi-sectoral peace framework that can sustainably reduce direct violence and structural violence and address a lack of basic human needs in a post-ceasefire environ. Developing this biopolitical insight on ‘post-conflict’ peacebuilding, through the rhizomatic realism of biopolitical labour, and subaltern agency, may then help innovate a positive peace formation that sustains transformative peacebuilding and delivers a quality of life outcome for ex-combatants, victims and survivors, which resolves endemic cycles of violence, peacefully.
{"title":"Biopolitical peacebuilding","authors":"S. Brennan","doi":"10.1080/21647259.2021.1895610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2021.1895610","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The question of whether peacebuilding can be effective arises as liberal internationalist approaches appear unable to sustainably resolve state, inter-state, or ethno-national violence. Such failures have led to claims that peacebuilding, in its ‘post-conflict’ form, is now in a state of ‘crisis’. However, rather than abandoning it, viewed through the lens of post-structuralism, new biopolitical insights arise on how peacebuilding can begin to do what it was conceptualised for, to develop an associative and multi-sectoral peace framework that can sustainably reduce direct violence and structural violence and address a lack of basic human needs in a post-ceasefire environ. Developing this biopolitical insight on ‘post-conflict’ peacebuilding, through the rhizomatic realism of biopolitical labour, and subaltern agency, may then help innovate a positive peace formation that sustains transformative peacebuilding and delivers a quality of life outcome for ex-combatants, victims and survivors, which resolves endemic cycles of violence, peacefully.","PeriodicalId":45555,"journal":{"name":"Peacebuilding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21647259.2021.1895610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45656103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-27DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2021.1999167
D. McDougall
{"title":"The frontlines of peace: an insider’s guide to changing the world","authors":"D. McDougall","doi":"10.1080/21647259.2021.1999167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2021.1999167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45555,"journal":{"name":"Peacebuilding","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49214892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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