Job stress can have important consequences on the physical, mental or social health of the workers. A considerable number of studies have shown that the nursing community is especially vulnerable to suffering stress due to their work characteristics. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between perception of psychosocial risk factors at work, trait-anxiety and mental health in nursing.
Two hundred and ten nurses from various public hospitals in Madrid Province have participated in this study. The perception of psychosocial risk factors was evaluated with DECORE and NASA-TLX questionnaires, trait-anxiety was measured by STAI questionnaire and mental health by GHQ-28 questionnaire.
The results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that trait-anxiety was the variable most related to mental health. To explore the isolated association between working conditions and nurses’ mental health, partial correlations controlling the nurses’ trait-anxiety level were calculated and significant correlations were found between mental health and some psychosocial risk factors like organizational support, cognitive and temporal demands and control/autonomy at work.
Trait-anxiety influences the relations between working conditions and nurse's mental health, but regardless of the trait-anxiety level of nurses, the adverse psychosocial conditions of the workplace are directly associated with poorer mental health.
Migration is a potentially stressful process due to the sociocultural changes and the adaptation processes that go along with it. However, social support can mitigate the impact of stress, ease the adaptation process and contribute to migrants’ overall well-being. The aim of this study was to explore to what extent social support buffers the effects of stress and ethnic prejudice on subjective well-being and physical symptoms in a Peruvian immigrant community in Spain.
One hundred and thirty seven people participated in the study, 67.2% of them women and 32.8% men, with an age range between 19 and 64 years, who responded to self-report instruments through an online survey. The statistical analysis consisted of obtaining a structural equation model (SEM) in order to estimate the direct, indirect and total effects involved in the relationships between the study variables.
Social support was shown to have a significant direct effect (β = .174, p = .017) on the participants’ degree of subjective well-being, as well as an indirect effect mediated by both stress and ethnic prejudice (β = .170, p < .001). No significant direct relationship was found between the degree of social support and the severity of participants’ physical symptoms.
The level of social support contributes to subjective well-being and acts as a protective factor against the effects of high levels of stress and ethnic prejudice, thus fostering immigrants’ process of adaptation to their new socio-cultural context.
Many studies talk about the stress in families with disabled children, but there is little in depth research regarding the variables that are causing this stress.
The objective of this study is to analyze resilience, satisfaction, and several variables regarding the family situation including the presence of disabled children and their disability type (if applicable) as predictors of stress in families.
This research uses a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, and comparative approach. The total sample includes 299 families, of which 178 have disabled children and 121 have children without disabilities. Variables such as resilience, satisfaction, and family situation were analyzed using a sociodemographic questionnaire and the SV-RES Resilience Scale.
The results show that there are statistically significant correlations between stress, resilience and satisfaction. On the other hand, the regression analysis shows that there are variables, mainly in resilience, that enter the model in a statistically significant way, while other variables, such as disability or the type of disability, do not influence this prediction.
These results provide greater knowledge on the variables that influence the onset of stress in families, which allows us to conduct customized intervention initiatives adapted to their needs.
This study shows the psychometric characteristics and factor structure of the Spanish adaptation to a clinical population of an instrument for measuring anxious worry, the Anxious Thought Inventory (AnTI).
Participants were 731 adults treated at a community mental Health Center in Spain with different clinical diagnoses.
The adaptation of the AnTI scale to the Spanish clinical population confirms the three original dimensions, social worry, health worry and meta-worry, with adequate fit. High internal consistency (from .83 to .86) was found for the three subscales, and test–retest reliability after a period of 8–10 weeks was high (r = .71). Furthermore, significant correlations were found with other worry, anxiety and general psychopathology scales.
This Spanish adaptation of the AnTI in a clinical population is a reliable, valid measure of anxious worry. Therefore, it is a useful instrument for use in care contexts.
Traumatic experiences are relatively frequent, however, not all victims develop negative psychological outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of posttraumatic growth (PTG) in victims of different traumatic events.
The sample was composed of 198 women (M = 33.37; SD = 11.91) and 99 men (M = 35.30; SD = 12.54) who experienced different traumatic events. To identify the predictors of PTG, structural equation modeling was performed, considering as predictive variables: optimism, sense of life and resilience.
No significant differences were found in the study variables by sex; nevertheless, given that the correlation matrix showed differences between men and women, separate models were estimated. Although the models showed some differences, both for women and men, the strength and self-confidence factor was the main predictor.
Results indicate the importance of both individual and environmental variables, which facilitate an adaptive coping style to achieve PTG.
Suicide is the leading preventable cause of death among young people aged 15-24. The aim of this study was to calculate the prevalence of suicidal behavior (SB) in university students, to study the relationship between emotion regulation (ER), academic procrastination (AP) and SB, and analyze whether the ER could act as a modulating variable of the SB.
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with an incidental sample of 350 university students of 21.13 years (SD = 6.15) of age and with a range between 17 and 28 years who voluntarily participated in the study. The students answered the Trait Meta Mood Scale-24 perceived emotional regulation subscale, the Tuckman Academic Procrastination Scale and the revised Suicidal Behavior Scale.
Sixteen point three percent of the students presented risk of BS. Positive correlations were observed between AP and SB, and negative between ER, SB and AP. Subjects with high ER values showed lower levels of SB and AP. The regression analyses performed discarded the possible moderating effect of ER on AP and BS, although both variables (AP and ER) had a direct but non-interactive relationship with SB.
High incidence of BS among university students was observed. Both ER and AP have a direct effect on SB. ER seems to play a protective role against SB and PA. Emotion regulation learning programs could be designed to promote health and improve education.
One of the most widely used scales to assess anxiety is the BAI (Beck Anxiety Inventory) that has shown adequate psychometric properties; however, there is no consensus on its internal structure. This work aimed to study the internal structure of the BAI using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (AFC) for the first time in Mexico, as well as the goodness of the items that make it up and its internal consistency. In addition, descriptive data of anxiety levels in the general population of Michoacán (Mexico) are presented.
The BAI was administered and the sociodemographic data (sex, age, marital status, and education) were requested from 1,245 adults. First, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was carried out with half the sample. Using the second half of the sample, the factorial models obtained in previous Mexican studies, the single factor solution and the model obtained in the AFE were tested through a CFA.
A high internal consistency of the total scale was observed (α = .911); however, no model of those tested in the CFA was satisfactory.
It can be concluded that the BAI, despite showing an unstable internal structure, can adequately assess the presence of anxiety symptoms in the general population of Michoacán (Mexico). It is important to note that up to 24.9% of the sample presented moderate or severe anxiety levels.
Although in the 1940s there was an important decrease in global maternal/infant mortality rates, by the 1990s these rates had become stagnant. Many strategies to decrease maternal/infant mortality had been used, which included the prevention of pregnancy complications. Several studies showed an association between these complications and the stress perceived during pregnancy. However, there are some discrepancies which challenge this association. We believe that these discrepancies are due to the lack of understanding about the pregnant stress response and consequently the ways it is measured. The aim of this study was to understand how pregnant women perceive motherhood, pregnancy stressors and the psychological factors that attenuate the stress response.
A qualitative study was conducted that explores the perception of gestational stress in 32 pregnant women who were recruited in different Health Centers. Semi-structured interviews were carried out which were conducted by the PhD student in charge of the project and each interview lasted 15–20 min. Since the interviews were audio-recorded they were transcribed and the information was then categorized according to the three issues raised in the objective (motherhood, pregnancy stressors, and psychological factors that attenuate the stress response).
We found that the gestational stress response and also its magnitude are influenced not only by how women perceive the aspects, but also and most importantly by its articulation. Likewise, results show that gestational stress is only attenuated when women perceive and cope with both the positive and negative aspects of pregnancy and motherhood.
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