Pub Date : 2021-07-06DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2021.1949568
Terje Colbjørnsen, Alan Hui, Benedikte Solstad
ABSTRACT The role that prices play for streaming media services is yet to be comprehensively and comparatively analysed with an international outlook. In this paper, we present results on music and video streaming prices, based on analysis of a data set of prices and information on pricing models and price developments. The data set spans 2008 to 2019, five streaming services, and nine countries across four continents. We provide comparative overviews of real prices and developments over the years studied and purchasing power-adjusted pricing across countries, as well as country-by-country assessments. Finally, our results show significant divergences in the pricing practices and strategies of Spotify and Netflix. The access-based pricing structure of streaming comes forth as highly contingent on demand-side factors and competitive structures.
{"title":"What do you pay for all you can eat? Pricing practices and strategies in streaming media services","authors":"Terje Colbjørnsen, Alan Hui, Benedikte Solstad","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2021.1949568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2021.1949568","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The role that prices play for streaming media services is yet to be comprehensively and comparatively analysed with an international outlook. In this paper, we present results on music and video streaming prices, based on analysis of a data set of prices and information on pricing models and price developments. The data set spans 2008 to 2019, five streaming services, and nine countries across four continents. We provide comparative overviews of real prices and developments over the years studied and purchasing power-adjusted pricing across countries, as well as country-by-country assessments. Finally, our results show significant divergences in the pricing practices and strategies of Spotify and Netflix. The access-based pricing structure of streaming comes forth as highly contingent on demand-side factors and competitive structures.","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16522354.2021.1949568","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41615807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-02DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2021.1945877
Samara Sampaio de Oliveira, Michelle Helena Kovacs Grigg, M. Doicaru
ABSTRACT The impact of perceived trustworthiness on love for news media brands needs further understanding, given that brand love brings significant business benefits. This article argues that perceived trustworthiness influences brand love for news media brands. More specifically, we explored the following: how much of the variance in brand love can be explained by the factors of perceived trustworthiness of a brand (integrity, benevolence, and ability), whether perceived trustworthiness relates differently to brand love in countries with different levels of trust in the media, and what is the relationship between political leaning and the perception of specific news media brands’ trustworthiness. The data were collected through an online survey in the Netherlands (N = 292) and Brazil (N = 239). Among the main findings, data indicated that brand love is influenced by perceived trustworthiness, and integrity is its best predictor. This study provides evidence of the importance of each factor of perceived trustworthiness for brand love, confirms the relation between political leaning and trust, and reveals the differences between these two countries.
{"title":"The influence of trustworthiness on brand love for news media brands: a cross-cultural examination of the Netherlands and Brazil","authors":"Samara Sampaio de Oliveira, Michelle Helena Kovacs Grigg, M. Doicaru","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2021.1945877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2021.1945877","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The impact of perceived trustworthiness on love for news media brands needs further understanding, given that brand love brings significant business benefits. This article argues that perceived trustworthiness influences brand love for news media brands. More specifically, we explored the following: how much of the variance in brand love can be explained by the factors of perceived trustworthiness of a brand (integrity, benevolence, and ability), whether perceived trustworthiness relates differently to brand love in countries with different levels of trust in the media, and what is the relationship between political leaning and the perception of specific news media brands’ trustworthiness. The data were collected through an online survey in the Netherlands (N = 292) and Brazil (N = 239). Among the main findings, data indicated that brand love is influenced by perceived trustworthiness, and integrity is its best predictor. This study provides evidence of the importance of each factor of perceived trustworthiness for brand love, confirms the relation between political leaning and trust, and reveals the differences between these two countries.","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16522354.2021.1945877","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46256272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-09DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2021.1924558
Yayu Zhou, B. Calder, E. Malthouse, Y. K. Hessary
ABSTRACT Clickstream data recording each click that each individual user makes on a media website has become the currency for evaluating digital platforms in order to maximise advertising and/or subscription revenue. There is a growing recognition, however, that the mere volume of clicks is not adequate for this purpose. We propose a new systematic approach to this problem based on an underlying theory of engagement. Engagement is construed theoretically as user experiences that connect to higher-order personal goals or social values. We show that such experiences can be described qualitatively using survey items that form engagement measurement scales and that these engagement scales, in fact, explain a willingness-to-pay outcome variable. Moreover, these experiences can be translated into surrogate decomposed clickstream variables. We analyse data from three news websites and show that these decomposed clickstream variables predict willingness-to-pay for the sites better than raw, undecomposed clickstream data. Our methodological framework thus provides a new way of using clickstream data to detect engagement with digital content, a method that provides a basis for improving engagement and ultimately outcomes such as the willingness to pay for content.
{"title":"Not all clicks are equal: detecting engagement with digital content","authors":"Yayu Zhou, B. Calder, E. Malthouse, Y. K. Hessary","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2021.1924558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2021.1924558","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Clickstream data recording each click that each individual user makes on a media website has become the currency for evaluating digital platforms in order to maximise advertising and/or subscription revenue. There is a growing recognition, however, that the mere volume of clicks is not adequate for this purpose. We propose a new systematic approach to this problem based on an underlying theory of engagement. Engagement is construed theoretically as user experiences that connect to higher-order personal goals or social values. We show that such experiences can be described qualitatively using survey items that form engagement measurement scales and that these engagement scales, in fact, explain a willingness-to-pay outcome variable. Moreover, these experiences can be translated into surrogate decomposed clickstream variables. We analyse data from three news websites and show that these decomposed clickstream variables predict willingness-to-pay for the sites better than raw, undecomposed clickstream data. Our methodological framework thus provides a new way of using clickstream data to detect engagement with digital content, a method that provides a basis for improving engagement and ultimately outcomes such as the willingness to pay for content.","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16522354.2021.1924558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45402822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2021.1932396
Alana Hendrikx, Deborah Castro
ABSTRACT This paper explores how Netflix employs brand community relationship management on its United States Facebook page. Methodologically, this study uses qualitative thematic analysis to dissect 100 posts published by Netflix’s community manager on Facebook and 826 comments posted by the company and internet-users. Results suggest that Netflix keeps an active and regular posting schedule with new content and portrays the brand as a humorous and a relatable peer. However, Netflix does not encourage Facebook users to engage in the content on the platform. The brand also seems to ignore complaints received from Facebook users as well as identified internaut-to-internaut conflicts. Findings are relevant to researchers in the fields of digital media and marketing and to practitioners working in those two fields.
{"title":"Netflix’s community relationship management. An analysis of its Facebook-USA page","authors":"Alana Hendrikx, Deborah Castro","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2021.1932396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2021.1932396","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores how Netflix employs brand community relationship management on its United States Facebook page. Methodologically, this study uses qualitative thematic analysis to dissect 100 posts published by Netflix’s community manager on Facebook and 826 comments posted by the company and internet-users. Results suggest that Netflix keeps an active and regular posting schedule with new content and portrays the brand as a humorous and a relatable peer. However, Netflix does not encourage Facebook users to engage in the content on the platform. The brand also seems to ignore complaints received from Facebook users as well as identified internaut-to-internaut conflicts. Findings are relevant to researchers in the fields of digital media and marketing and to practitioners working in those two fields.","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16522354.2021.1932396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44563685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-26DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2021.1918434
F. Caro-González, I. Sánchez‐Torné, M. Pérez-Suárez
ABSTRACT The objective of this research is to identify whether any differences exist between journalistic start-ups including and not including women within their founders and editorial team. Four hundred and fifty-six digital news media registered in the directory SembraMedia were analysed. SembraMedia is a non-profit organisation dedicated to increasing the diversity and quality of Spanish language content in Hispanic-America by helping digital media entrepreneurs become more sustainable and successful. The results of this study reveal that digital media which include women cover socially sensitive issues and give visibility to the most marginalised groups; they go to more diversified sources of income and more participatory governance systems; and they offer more deliberate and reflective information, less dependent on immediacy and topicality.
{"title":"Female entrepreneurs in digital journalism","authors":"F. Caro-González, I. Sánchez‐Torné, M. Pérez-Suárez","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2021.1918434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2021.1918434","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The objective of this research is to identify whether any differences exist between journalistic start-ups including and not including women within their founders and editorial team. Four hundred and fifty-six digital news media registered in the directory SembraMedia were analysed. SembraMedia is a non-profit organisation dedicated to increasing the diversity and quality of Spanish language content in Hispanic-America by helping digital media entrepreneurs become more sustainable and successful. The results of this study reveal that digital media which include women cover socially sensitive issues and give visibility to the most marginalised groups; they go to more diversified sources of income and more participatory governance systems; and they offer more deliberate and reflective information, less dependent on immediacy and topicality.","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16522354.2021.1918434","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48885880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2021.1899741
Monia Kouki-Block, Christian M. Wellbrock
ABSTRACT Advertising revenues are a major source of income for media companies such as publishing houses. In the age of digitalisation, generating revenue in the online advertising market is an essential ingredient for future economic viability and competitiveness. However, programmatic advertising as a new marketing technique, as well as the proliferated number of websites and increased competition, has challenged publishing houses to generate revenue within the online advertising market. Therefore, media branding has emerged as an important issue. Since brands in such a B2B market share the same purpose as they do in consumer markets, they too offer the potential for media companies to gain a substantial competitive advantage. This article investigates the importance of media brands in relation to other purchase criteria within online media planning. The results of an Adaptive Choice-Based Conjoint analysis (ACBC) with online media planners suggest that the role of media brands within online media planning is limited and secondary to price and its influence varies over different career levels. Furthermore, a price premium can be obtained for a media brand with a higher perceived utility. This article concludes with implications for media companies.
{"title":"Influenced by Media Brands? A Conjoint Experiment on the Effect of Media Brands on Online Media Planners’ Decision-Making","authors":"Monia Kouki-Block, Christian M. Wellbrock","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2021.1899741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2021.1899741","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Advertising revenues are a major source of income for media companies such as publishing houses. In the age of digitalisation, generating revenue in the online advertising market is an essential ingredient for future economic viability and competitiveness. However, programmatic advertising as a new marketing technique, as well as the proliferated number of websites and increased competition, has challenged publishing houses to generate revenue within the online advertising market. Therefore, media branding has emerged as an important issue. Since brands in such a B2B market share the same purpose as they do in consumer markets, they too offer the potential for media companies to gain a substantial competitive advantage. This article investigates the importance of media brands in relation to other purchase criteria within online media planning. The results of an Adaptive Choice-Based Conjoint analysis (ACBC) with online media planners suggest that the role of media brands within online media planning is limited and secondary to price and its influence varies over different career levels. Furthermore, a price premium can be obtained for a media brand with a higher perceived utility. This article concludes with implications for media companies.","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16522354.2021.1899741","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44131003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2021.1899742
Lindsey A. Sherrill, Jiehua Zhang, D. Deavours, Nathan A. Towery, Yuanwei Lyu, W. Singleton, Keqing Kuang, Wilson Lowrey
ABSTRACT Professional associations’ roles in shaping the journalism field have been understudied in news industry research. Adopting a social population ecology perspective, this study provides an across-time analysis of the emergence, rise and variation of the population of US journalism professional associations. In addition to the population demography, content analysis of current association websites was conducted to reveal associations’ patterns of development and adoption of roles. Findings suggest associations are turning inward, embracing roles that are internally oriented towards members, their financial struggles, and their identities, while there is less emphasis on externally oriented roles that serve field-wide needs.
{"title":"Journalism’s backstage players: the development of journalism professional associations and their roles in a troubled field","authors":"Lindsey A. Sherrill, Jiehua Zhang, D. Deavours, Nathan A. Towery, Yuanwei Lyu, W. Singleton, Keqing Kuang, Wilson Lowrey","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2021.1899742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2021.1899742","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Professional associations’ roles in shaping the journalism field have been understudied in news industry research. Adopting a social population ecology perspective, this study provides an across-time analysis of the emergence, rise and variation of the population of US journalism professional associations. In addition to the population demography, content analysis of current association websites was conducted to reveal associations’ patterns of development and adoption of roles. Findings suggest associations are turning inward, embracing roles that are internally oriented towards members, their financial struggles, and their identities, while there is less emphasis on externally oriented roles that serve field-wide needs.","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16522354.2021.1899742","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48664041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-23DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2021.1887438
Dam Hee Kim
ABSTRACT Although the film industry is high risk, sequels and films adapted from novels or comic books can be financially successful because they can capitalise on the established brands of their parent work. Focusing on sequels and adaptations as extended lines and brands, this paper analysed 2,490 films released between 2010 and 2013 in the U.S. to examine what types of films were successful in terms of opening weekend gross and non-opening gross. During opening weekends, while sequels generated higher grosses than non-sequels, sequels adapted from existing work generated even higher grosses. Brand strategies involving stars and title novelty further helped adaptation sequels generate higher grosses mostly during opening weekends. Sequels and adaptations may work together to garner line and brand extension benefits upfront.
{"title":"What types of films are successful at the box office? Predicting opening weekend and non-opening gross earnings of films","authors":"Dam Hee Kim","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2021.1887438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2021.1887438","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although the film industry is high risk, sequels and films adapted from novels or comic books can be financially successful because they can capitalise on the established brands of their parent work. Focusing on sequels and adaptations as extended lines and brands, this paper analysed 2,490 films released between 2010 and 2013 in the U.S. to examine what types of films were successful in terms of opening weekend gross and non-opening gross. During opening weekends, while sequels generated higher grosses than non-sequels, sequels adapted from existing work generated even higher grosses. Brand strategies involving stars and title novelty further helped adaptation sequels generate higher grosses mostly during opening weekends. Sequels and adaptations may work together to garner line and brand extension benefits upfront.","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16522354.2021.1887438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43552500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-15DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2021.1887439
Kyriakos Riskos, L. Hatzithomas, P. Dekoulou, George Tsourvakas
ABSTRACT Given that the current media condition provides numerous channels that create interaction between news media brands and consumers, the concept of consumer brand engagement (CBE), referred as being the interactive relationships between consumers and brands is more crucial than ever in the media sector. The purpose of this study is to examine the direct and indirect effects of three motives, utility, entertainment, and pass time, on consumer brand engagement for online news media brands. A causal model that illustrates both the direct and indirect effects of the three motives on CBE reveals the critical role of entertainment as a mediator. Utility and entertainment positively impact CBE, whereas pass time is negatively associated with CBE for online news media brands. Entertainment positively mediates the relationship between utility and CBE as well as influencing the negative relationship between pass time and CBE.
{"title":"The influence of entertainment, utility and pass time on consumer brand engagement for news media brands: a mediation model","authors":"Kyriakos Riskos, L. Hatzithomas, P. Dekoulou, George Tsourvakas","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2021.1887439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2021.1887439","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Given that the current media condition provides numerous channels that create interaction between news media brands and consumers, the concept of consumer brand engagement (CBE), referred as being the interactive relationships between consumers and brands is more crucial than ever in the media sector. The purpose of this study is to examine the direct and indirect effects of three motives, utility, entertainment, and pass time, on consumer brand engagement for online news media brands. A causal model that illustrates both the direct and indirect effects of the three motives on CBE reveals the critical role of entertainment as a mediator. Utility and entertainment positively impact CBE, whereas pass time is negatively associated with CBE for online news media brands. Entertainment positively mediates the relationship between utility and CBE as well as influencing the negative relationship between pass time and CBE.","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16522354.2021.1887439","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44687507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2021.1893518
Päivi Maijanen, N. Nicoli, Stavros Georgiades
{"title":"In search of new openings and actionable knowledge: coping with emerging phenomena in the media business","authors":"Päivi Maijanen, N. Nicoli, Stavros Georgiades","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2021.1893518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2021.1893518","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16522354.2021.1893518","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42500610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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