Newton claims that his theorems in the Opticks are derived from experiments alone. e paper explains this dictum by relating Newton’s proof method to an iconic conception of proof as opposed to a symbolic one. eorems are not derived from hypotheses; instead properties of light are identi ed by experimental properties based on rules of inductive reasoning.
{"title":"Newton's experimental proofs","authors":"T. Lampert","doi":"10.1387/THEORIA.21155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/THEORIA.21155","url":null,"abstract":"Newton claims that his theorems in the Opticks are derived from experiments alone. e paper explains this dictum by relating Newton’s proof method to an iconic conception of proof as opposed to a symbolic one. eorems are not derived from hypotheses; instead properties of light are identi ed by experimental properties based on rules of inductive reasoning.","PeriodicalId":45699,"journal":{"name":"THEORIA-REVISTA DE TEORIA HISTORIA Y FUNDAMENTOS DE LA CIENCIA","volume":"40 1-8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77734375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
May 2020 marks the 25 th anniversary of the death of Miguel Sanchez-Mazas, founder of Theoria - An International Journal of Theory, History and Foundations of Science and regarded as the person who brought mathematical logic to Spain. Here we present some of his biographical features, as well as a summary of his contributions, from his early work in the 1950s - introducing contemporary advances in logic and philosophy of science in a philosophically backward milieu dominated by the scholasticism of that era in Spain - to the development of a project of Lebnizian lineage aimed at producing an arithmetic calculation that would elude some of the difficulties confronting Leibniz's calculus.
{"title":"The fanciful optimism of Miguel Sánchez-Mazas. Let us calculate... = Freedom and Justice","authors":"J. Lorenzo, A. Ibarra","doi":"10.1387/theoria.21922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/theoria.21922","url":null,"abstract":"May 2020 marks the 25 th anniversary of the death of Miguel Sanchez-Mazas, founder of Theoria - An International Journal of Theory, History and Foundations of Science and regarded as the person who brought mathematical logic to Spain. Here we present some of his biographical features, as well as a summary of his contributions, from his early work in the 1950s - introducing contemporary advances in logic and philosophy of science in a philosophically backward milieu dominated by the scholasticism of that era in Spain - to the development of a project of Lebnizian lineage aimed at producing an arithmetic calculation that would elude some of the difficulties confronting Leibniz's calculus.","PeriodicalId":45699,"journal":{"name":"THEORIA-REVISTA DE TEORIA HISTORIA Y FUNDAMENTOS DE LA CIENCIA","volume":"45 1","pages":"255-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86255145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When disagreements arise about the quality of arguments, arguers frequently rely on coherence. Argumentative coherence is mainly manifested in accusations of incoherence and in the production of analogies. With the help of the elements of warrant and of rebuttals in Toulmin's model, it is possible to give a first analysis of this notion.
{"title":"How to argue with coherence","authors":"J. Gascón","doi":"10.1387/THEORIA.20435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/THEORIA.20435","url":null,"abstract":"When disagreements arise about the quality of arguments, arguers frequently rely on coherence. Argumentative coherence is mainly manifested in accusations of incoherence and in the production of analogies. With the help of the elements of warrant and of rebuttals in Toulmin's model, it is possible to give a first analysis of this notion.","PeriodicalId":45699,"journal":{"name":"THEORIA-REVISTA DE TEORIA HISTORIA Y FUNDAMENTOS DE LA CIENCIA","volume":"67 1","pages":"327-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76025355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El debate de las unidades o niveles de seleccion concierne la pregunta acerca del tipo de sistemas biologicos que son lo suficientemente estables como para que parte de su evolucion sea resultado del proceso de seleccion natural actuando a su nivel. Tradicionalmente, el debate ha concernido al menos dos preguntas diferentes, aunque relacionadas: la pregunta por el nivel en el cual se da la interaccion con el ambiente (que entidad actua como interactor ), y la pregunta por el nivel en que ocurre la reproduccion (que entidad actua como replicador o reproductor ). En los ultimos anos, biologos y filosofos han discutido un nuevo aspecto de este debate, a saber: la posibilidad de que ciertos consorcios de multiples especies formados por un hospedero y su microbioma ( holobiontes / hologenomas ) puedan actuar como una unidad de seleccion. Dicha tesis, no obstante, no ha estado exenta de critica, ya que es dudoso que tales consorcios puedan reunir las condiciones requeridas para alcanzar el grado de estabilidad suficiente que permitiria que actuasen como unidades de seleccion. El presente articulo tiene como objetivo examinar sistematicamente tales criticas y defender la tesis de que el holobionte/hologenoma puede actuar como un nivel de seleccion genuino tanto en la forma de interactor como en la forma de reproductor . Para ello, se argumentara que el microbioma debe caracterizarse en terminos funcionales , en vez de en terminos taxonomicos.
{"title":"El holobionte/hologenoma como nivel de selección: Una aproximación a la evolución de los consorcios de múltiples especies","authors":"Javier Suárez","doi":"10.1387/theoria.21611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/theoria.21611","url":null,"abstract":"El debate de las unidades o niveles de seleccion concierne la pregunta acerca del tipo de sistemas biologicos que son lo suficientemente estables como para que parte de su evolucion sea resultado del proceso de seleccion natural actuando a su nivel. Tradicionalmente, el debate ha concernido al menos dos preguntas diferentes, aunque relacionadas: la pregunta por el nivel en el cual se da la interaccion con el ambiente (que entidad actua como interactor ), y la pregunta por el nivel en que ocurre la reproduccion (que entidad actua como replicador o reproductor ). En los ultimos anos, biologos y filosofos han discutido un nuevo aspecto de este debate, a saber: la posibilidad de que ciertos consorcios de multiples especies formados por un hospedero y su microbioma ( holobiontes / hologenomas ) puedan actuar como una unidad de seleccion. Dicha tesis, no obstante, no ha estado exenta de critica, ya que es dudoso que tales consorcios puedan reunir las condiciones requeridas para alcanzar el grado de estabilidad suficiente que permitiria que actuasen como unidades de seleccion. El presente articulo tiene como objetivo examinar sistematicamente tales criticas y defender la tesis de que el holobionte/hologenoma puede actuar como un nivel de seleccion genuino tanto en la forma de interactor como en la forma de reproductor . Para ello, se argumentara que el microbioma debe caracterizarse en terminos funcionales , en vez de en terminos taxonomicos.","PeriodicalId":45699,"journal":{"name":"THEORIA-REVISTA DE TEORIA HISTORIA Y FUNDAMENTOS DE LA CIENCIA","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85301810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quasi-truth is a formal approach to a pragmatically-oriented view of truth. The basic plan motivating the framework consists in providing for a more realistic account of truth, accommodating situations where there is incomplete information, as typically happens in the practice of science. The historical sciences are a case in hand, where incomplete information is the rule. It would seem, then, that the quasi-truth approach would be the most appropriate one to deal with historical sciences, then. In this paper, we explore this possibility and use the historical sciences as a test case for the approach of quasi-truth. Our claim is that, on what concerns historical sciences, the quasi-truth approach fails in two basic senses; first, by misrepresenting some cases concerning incomplete information, and second, by falling short of accounting for many features of incomplete information peculiar to historical sciences. We conclude that, despite its stated goals, quasi-truth must be either amended or substituted if the goal of a more faithful representation of scientific practice is to be achieved.
{"title":"Quasi-truth and incomplete information in historical sciences","authors":"J. Arenhart, Vítor Medeiros Costa","doi":"10.1387/theoria.21254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/theoria.21254","url":null,"abstract":"Quasi-truth is a formal approach to a pragmatically-oriented view of truth. The basic plan motivating the framework consists in providing for a more realistic account of truth, accommodating situations where there is incomplete information, as typically happens in the practice of science. The historical sciences are a case in hand, where incomplete information is the rule. It would seem, then, that the quasi-truth approach would be the most appropriate one to deal with historical sciences, then. In this paper, we explore this possibility and use the historical sciences as a test case for the approach of quasi-truth. Our claim is that, on what concerns historical sciences, the quasi-truth approach fails in two basic senses; first, by misrepresenting some cases concerning incomplete information, and second, by falling short of accounting for many features of incomplete information peculiar to historical sciences. We conclude that, despite its stated goals, quasi-truth must be either amended or substituted if the goal of a more faithful representation of scientific practice is to be achieved.","PeriodicalId":45699,"journal":{"name":"THEORIA-REVISTA DE TEORIA HISTORIA Y FUNDAMENTOS DE LA CIENCIA","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80231146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I consider a problem that arises in connection with (alleged) cases of coincident objects, such as a statue and the lump of clay it is made of, and that affects the two main accounts of such cases, namely, Pluralism (according to which statue and lump are distinct) and Monism (according to which they are one). The problem is that both views seem committed to give strained interpretations of some statements describing the situation. I consider Pickel's arguments against the Pluralist's strategy of interpreting 'is' as expressing constitution in sentences such as 'The statue is the lump of clay', and provide reasons for rejecting them - so as to eventually vindicate the Pluralist position.
{"title":"Making sense of the 'is' of constitution.","authors":"Ezequiel Zerbudis","doi":"10.1387/theoria.21232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/theoria.21232","url":null,"abstract":"I consider a problem that arises in connection with (alleged) cases of coincident objects, such as a statue and the lump of clay it is made of, and that affects the two main accounts of such cases, namely, Pluralism (according to which statue and lump are distinct) and Monism (according to which they are one). The problem is that both views seem committed to give strained interpretations of some statements describing the situation. I consider Pickel's arguments against the Pluralist's strategy of interpreting 'is' as expressing constitution in sentences such as 'The statue is the lump of clay', and provide reasons for rejecting them - so as to eventually vindicate the Pluralist position.","PeriodicalId":45699,"journal":{"name":"THEORIA-REVISTA DE TEORIA HISTORIA Y FUNDAMENTOS DE LA CIENCIA","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88369546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main goal of this paper is to provide a ground-analysis of two classical connectives that have so far been ignored in the literature, namely the exclusive disjunction, and the ternary disjunction. Such ground-analysis not only serves to extend the applicability of the logic of grounding but also leads to a generalization of Poggiolesi (2016)’s definition of the notion of complete and immediate
{"title":"Toward a generalization of the logic of grounding","authors":"F. Poggiolesi, N. Francez","doi":"10.1387/theoria.21162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/theoria.21162","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this paper is to provide a ground-analysis of two classical connectives that have so far been ignored in the literature, namely the exclusive disjunction, and the ternary disjunction. Such ground-analysis not only serves to extend the applicability of the logic of grounding but also leads to a generalization of Poggiolesi (2016)’s definition of the notion of complete and immediate","PeriodicalId":45699,"journal":{"name":"THEORIA-REVISTA DE TEORIA HISTORIA Y FUNDAMENTOS DE LA CIENCIA","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89058370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Belén Campero, Cristián Favre, Cristian Saborido
Usually, the organization of living systems is explained by appealing to an intrinsic purpose that is based on the biological survival. However, paradigmatically, it is inevitable to observe that the final destiny of all living organisms is death. In this work, we defend that, from an organizational approach, there is a form of death—Regulatory Cell Death—that, far from being a mere "absence of life", is a process of biological regulation and a feature of self-maintenance in multicellular organisms.
{"title":"Dying to live. Cell death as a regulatory process","authors":"María Belén Campero, Cristián Favre, Cristian Saborido","doi":"10.1387/THEORIA.20514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/THEORIA.20514","url":null,"abstract":"Usually, the organization of living systems is explained by appealing to an intrinsic purpose that is based on the biological survival. However, paradigmatically, it is inevitable to observe that the final destiny of all living organisms is death. In this work, we defend that, from an organizational approach, there is a form of death—Regulatory Cell Death—that, far from being a mere \"absence of life\", is a process of biological regulation and a feature of self-maintenance in multicellular organisms.","PeriodicalId":45699,"journal":{"name":"THEORIA-REVISTA DE TEORIA HISTORIA Y FUNDAMENTOS DE LA CIENCIA","volume":"1 1","pages":"197-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78348665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Archimedes' statics is considered as an example of ancient Greek applied mathematics; it is even seen as the beginning of mechanics. Wilbur Knorr made the case regarding this work, as other works by him or other mathematicians from ancient Greece, that it lacks references to the physical phenomena it is supposed to address. According to Knorr, this is understandable if we consider the propositions of the treatise in terms of purely mathematical elaborations suggested by quantitative aspects of the phenomena. In this paper, we challenge Knorr's view, and address propositions of Archimedes' statics in their relation to physical phenomena.
{"title":"On Archimedes' statics","authors":"Mario Bacelar Valente","doi":"10.1387/theoria.20482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/theoria.20482","url":null,"abstract":"Archimedes' statics is considered as an example of ancient Greek applied mathematics; it is even seen as the beginning of mechanics. Wilbur Knorr made the case regarding this work, as other works by him or other mathematicians from ancient Greece, that it lacks references to the physical phenomena it is supposed to address. According to Knorr, this is understandable if we consider the propositions of the treatise in terms of purely mathematical elaborations suggested by quantitative aspects of the phenomena. In this paper, we challenge Knorr's view, and address propositions of Archimedes' statics in their relation to physical phenomena.","PeriodicalId":45699,"journal":{"name":"THEORIA-REVISTA DE TEORIA HISTORIA Y FUNDAMENTOS DE LA CIENCIA","volume":"472 1","pages":"235-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78342985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of: Josep L. Barona. 2019. Health Policies in Interwar Europe. A Transnational Perspective
评审:Josep L. Barona。2019。两次世界大战之间欧洲的卫生政策。跨国视角
{"title":"Josep L. Barona. 2019. Health Policies in Interwar Europe. A Transnational Perspective","authors":"P. Zylberman","doi":"10.1387/theoria.21630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/theoria.21630","url":null,"abstract":"Review of: Josep L. Barona. 2019. Health Policies in Interwar Europe. A Transnational Perspective","PeriodicalId":45699,"journal":{"name":"THEORIA-REVISTA DE TEORIA HISTORIA Y FUNDAMENTOS DE LA CIENCIA","volume":"35 1","pages":"245-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84093764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：