Ramona Jurcău, I. Jurcău, N. Colceriu, C. Popovici, Titus-Răzvan Pîrvan, C. Honceriu
Exercise and sports can often be associated with oxidative stress, which is why modulation of oxidative stress in these situations is important. One of the natural remedies that has proven to be very useful antioxidant, due to its composition, is the oliveleaf extract.Olive leaves. The leaves are considered a by-product of the olive. Freezing techniques as well as leaf drying techniques influence the composition in polyphenols. The leaves have a high content of bioactive phenolic compounds. The most abundant compound in olive leaves is oleuropein, followed by hydroxytyrosol. Olive leaves have been used in the human diet in the form of extracts, tea and powder but also in the realization of traditional remedies in the Mediterranean countries. The compounds in olive leaves have been shown to have multiple beneficial properties, such as antioxidants. compared to olive oil.Instead of conclusions.Due to their rich polyphenolic composition, olive leaves have strong antioxidant effects, proven by traditional use and scientific studies.
{"title":"POLYPHENOLS IN OLIVE LEAVES AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT ROLE -A BRIEF REVIEW","authors":"Ramona Jurcău, I. Jurcău, N. Colceriu, C. Popovici, Titus-Răzvan Pîrvan, C. Honceriu","doi":"10.36836/2021/2/39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36836/2021/2/39","url":null,"abstract":"Exercise and sports can often be associated with oxidative stress, which is why modulation of oxidative stress in these situations is important. One of the natural remedies that has proven to be very useful antioxidant, due to its composition, is the oliveleaf extract.Olive leaves. The leaves are considered a by-product of the olive. Freezing techniques as well as leaf drying techniques influence the composition in polyphenols. The leaves have a high content of bioactive phenolic compounds. The most abundant compound in olive leaves is oleuropein, followed by hydroxytyrosol. Olive leaves have been used in the human diet in the form of extracts, tea and powder but also in the realization of traditional remedies in the Mediterranean countries. The compounds in olive leaves have been shown to have multiple beneficial properties, such as antioxidants. compared to olive oil.Instead of conclusions.Due to their rich polyphenolic composition, olive leaves have strong antioxidant effects, proven by traditional use and scientific studies.","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81855901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although there are multiple published reviews about the effects of the most common techniques, such as stretching or the use of foam roller on the range of motion (Behm et al., 2016; Wilke et al., 2020) or performance parameters (Behm & Wilke, 2019; Konrad et al., 2021), there is no analysis on the effects of medical flossing. To date, two reviews have been publishedabout effectiveness of using ankle flossing to improve dorsiflexion amplitude or jump performance (Pisz et al., 2020; Kielur & Powden, 2020). This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of medical flossing added to routine treatment in patients with epicondylitis, compared to conventional physiotherapy treatment. The study included 6 subjects who showed localized pain in the area of the lateral epicondyle exacerbated with the Cozen test. The other criteria for selecting patients were the duration of the symptoms, less than 3 months from the onset of the disease and pain intensity more than 5 on the Visual Analog scale.To monitor the evolution of the subjects involved, we used a visual analog pain scale to assess the intensity of pain at different times during the application of therapy, before and after the end of the treatment. Another tool used to measure the degree of pain and dysfunction was the PRTEE Questionnaire (Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation). The rehabilitation program took place between August and September 2021, for 30 days, with afrequency of 3 times per week. 6 patients with lateral epicondylitis were included and medical flossing was used only in the case of 3 patients at each therapy session. The differences between groups at the time of the initial assessment, in terms of pain intensity were statistically insignificant (p=0.288, p>0.05). The results obtained in terms of decreasing pain were in favor of the use of medical flossing as an adjuvant method in specific pain existing in lateral epicondylitis. Although in both groups there was a decrease in pain after 4 weeks of treatment, the intervention group recorded significant reduced values compared to the control group (p=0.024; p<0.05). Regarding PRTEE Functional Score, at the final assesment there was a decrease in both groups, which means the functional condition of the patients has improved.
虽然有许多关于最常见技术(如拉伸或使用泡沫滚筒)对运动范围的影响的发表评论(Behm et al.， 2016;Wilke et al.， 2020)或性能参数(Behm & Wilke, 2019;Konrad et al.， 2021)，没有对医用牙线的影响进行分析。迄今为止，已经发表了两篇关于使用脚踝牙线改善背屈幅度或跳跃性能的有效性的综述(Pisz等人，2020;Kielur & Powden, 2020)。本研究旨在探讨在常规治疗中加入医用牙线治疗上上髁炎的效果，并与常规物理治疗进行比较。该研究包括6名受试者，他们在Cozen试验中表现出外侧上髁区域的局部疼痛加剧。选择患者的其他标准是症状持续时间，发病时间小于3个月，疼痛强度在视觉模拟量表上大于5。为了监测受试者的演变，我们使用视觉模拟疼痛量表来评估治疗过程中不同时间，治疗前后的疼痛强度。另一种用于测量疼痛和功能障碍程度的工具是PRTEE问卷(患者评分网球肘评估)。康复计划于2021年8月至9月进行，为期30天，每周3次。6例外上髁炎患者在每次治疗中仅3例患者使用医用牙线。初始评估时各组疼痛强度差异无统计学意义(p=0.288, p>0.05)。在减轻疼痛方面获得的结果有利于使用医用牙线作为辅助方法存在于外侧上髁炎特异性疼痛。虽然两组治疗4周后疼痛均有所减轻，但干预组与对照组相比有显著降低(p=0.024;p < 0.05)。在PRTEE功能评分方面，两组患者在最终评估时均有所下降，说明患者的功能状况有所改善。
{"title":"COMPARATIVE STUDY REGARDING THE BENEFITS OF USING MEDICAL FLOSSING IN LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS","authors":"D. Vrabie, B. Abalașei, G. Iacob","doi":"10.36836/2021/2/41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36836/2021/2/41","url":null,"abstract":"Although there are multiple published reviews about the effects of the most common techniques, such as stretching or the use of foam roller on the range of motion (Behm et al., 2016; Wilke et al., 2020) or performance parameters (Behm & Wilke, 2019; Konrad et al., 2021), there is no analysis on the effects of medical flossing. To date, two reviews have been publishedabout effectiveness of using ankle flossing to improve dorsiflexion amplitude or jump performance (Pisz et al., 2020; Kielur & Powden, 2020). This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of medical flossing added to routine treatment in patients with epicondylitis, compared to conventional physiotherapy treatment. The study included 6 subjects who showed localized pain in the area of the lateral epicondyle exacerbated with the Cozen test. The other criteria for selecting patients were the duration of the symptoms, less than 3 months from the onset of the disease and pain intensity more than 5 on the Visual Analog scale.To monitor the evolution of the subjects involved, we used a visual analog pain scale to assess the intensity of pain at different times during the application of therapy, before and after the end of the treatment. Another tool used to measure the degree of pain and dysfunction was the PRTEE Questionnaire (Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation). The rehabilitation program took place between August and September 2021, for 30 days, with afrequency of 3 times per week. 6 patients with lateral epicondylitis were included and medical flossing was used only in the case of 3 patients at each therapy session. The differences between groups at the time of the initial assessment, in terms of pain intensity were statistically insignificant (p=0.288, p>0.05). The results obtained in terms of decreasing pain were in favor of the use of medical flossing as an adjuvant method in specific pain existing in lateral epicondylitis. Although in both groups there was a decrease in pain after 4 weeks of treatment, the intervention group recorded significant reduced values compared to the control group (p=0.024; p<0.05). Regarding PRTEE Functional Score, at the final assesment there was a decrease in both groups, which means the functional condition of the patients has improved.","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78254161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Currently, in the conditions of the modern economy, with the increase in complexity and diversity of organizations, an important role is played by managers who tend to professionalize by learning the science of management, but also other adjacent fields that would enhance their managerial skills. A leader must be prepared to help the sports organization achieve its goals with the least material investment and minimal mental and physical effort. The managers of the social structures and the managers of the institutional level deal with the elaboration of the strategic plans, the formulation of the goals, the adaptation of the organizations to different changes, the direction of the attitude between the organization, the environment and the society. We proposed a practical-applied experimental study, in order to identify the defining elements of an integrated model of communication that can be applied in the teaching-learning process in the instructive activities of the faculties, by applying an integration questionnaire, applied to staff teachers and students at the State University of Physical Education and Sport, from various study programs.
{"title":"THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTEGRATING COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT","authors":"Mariana Gîdei, R. Dumitru","doi":"10.36836/2021/2/30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36836/2021/2/30","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, in the conditions of the modern economy, with the increase in complexity and diversity of organizations, an important role is played by managers who tend to professionalize by learning the science of management, but also other adjacent fields that would enhance their managerial skills. A leader must be prepared to help the sports organization achieve its goals with the least material investment and minimal mental and physical effort. The managers of the social structures and the managers of the institutional level deal with the elaboration of the strategic plans, the formulation of the goals, the adaptation of the organizations to different changes, the direction of the attitude between the organization, the environment and the society. We proposed a practical-applied experimental study, in order to identify the defining elements of an integrated model of communication that can be applied in the teaching-learning process in the instructive activities of the faculties, by applying an integration questionnaire, applied to staff teachers and students at the State University of Physical Education and Sport, from various study programs.","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90366321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Djoko Nugroho, Baskoro Nugroho Putro, Hanik Liskustyawati, Sri Santoso Sabarini, S. Sunardi, Budhi Satyawan
Physical education, sports, and health teachers at elementary schools are obliged to teach their students about the correct basic movements. The basic movements that become the material for elementary school students are part of gross motor skills. The correct movement can be known well if the assessment is based on the process of the movement. The gross motor quality of students can be known by using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). TGMD-2 is a gross motor skill test instrument for children from 3 to 9 years of age. This age range still represents elementary school students in grades 1 to 3. The assessment on the TGMD-2 is based on the correctness of the students’ movements. Assessment based on the correct movement requires intensive mentorship so that teachers can understand the use of test instrument indicators. The mentorship lasted for 8 hours per day with practical material. The implementation of practice-based mentorship provides real experience for teachers in implementing TGMD-2. After undergoing mentorship activities, 88% of teachers have a percentage increase in test results above 90%. This increase shows the potential for successful use of TGMD-2 independently by the teacher and can improve the quality of the assessment of gross motor skills carried out by the teacher.
{"title":"IMPROVING THE UNDERSTANDING OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS ON THE USE OF TGMD-2","authors":"Djoko Nugroho, Baskoro Nugroho Putro, Hanik Liskustyawati, Sri Santoso Sabarini, S. Sunardi, Budhi Satyawan","doi":"10.36836/2021/2/40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36836/2021/2/40","url":null,"abstract":"Physical education, sports, and health teachers at elementary schools are obliged to teach their students about the correct basic movements. The basic movements that become the material for elementary school students are part of gross motor skills. The correct movement can be known well if the assessment is based on the process of the movement. The gross motor quality of students can be known by using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). TGMD-2 is a gross motor skill test instrument for children from 3 to 9 years of age. This age range still represents elementary school students in grades 1 to 3. The assessment on the TGMD-2 is based on the correctness of the students’ movements. Assessment based on the correct movement requires intensive mentorship so that teachers can understand the use of test instrument indicators. The mentorship lasted for 8 hours per day with practical material. The implementation of practice-based mentorship provides real experience for teachers in implementing TGMD-2. After undergoing mentorship activities, 88% of teachers have a percentage increase in test results above 90%. This increase shows the potential for successful use of TGMD-2 independently by the teacher and can improve the quality of the assessment of gross motor skills carried out by the teacher.","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79692567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) also called bioelectrical impedance (BEI) is a non-invasive method based on the electric conductibility properties of tissues and is a commonly used technique for estimating body composition.Percentage of body fat is strongly associated with the risk of several chronic diseases but its accurate measurement is difficult. Body Mass Index is a useful population-level measure of overweight and obesity. It is used for all categories of people, male or female.The main objective of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between BMI and body fat percentage (BF%) in a group of Romanian female students. This relationship has been studiedin various ethnic groups before. To conduct the study, we examined 29 young females (aged 20-36 years old) estimating BF% from bioelectrical impedance analysis using Tanita Body Fat Monitor Scale UM-076.In this research group, the BMI and BodyFat dependent variables have a moderate to strong correlation (r = .839; 0.75 < r < 1), the favorable score for the first measurement being a statistically relevant benchmark for the second (sig < 0.05).
生物电阻抗分析(BIA)也称为生物电阻抗分析(BEI)，是一种基于组织导电性的非侵入性方法，是一种常用的估计身体成分的技术。体脂百分比与几种慢性疾病的风险密切相关，但其精确测量是困难的。身体质量指数是衡量超重和肥胖的有用的人口水平指标。它适用于所有类别的人，男性或女性。本研究的主要目的是确定一组罗马尼亚女学生的BMI和体脂率(BF%)之间是否存在关系。这种关系之前已经在不同的族群中进行过研究。为了进行研究，我们检查了29名年轻女性(年龄在20-36岁之间)，使用Tanita体脂监测量表UM-076通过生物电阻抗分析估计BF%。在本研究组中，BMI与BodyFat的因变量具有中强相关性(r = .839;0.75 < r < 1)，第一次测量的有利分数是第二次测量的统计相关基准(sig < 0.05)。
{"title":"THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND BODY FAT PERCENTAGE, ESTIMATED BY BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE IN A GROUP OF ROMANIAN FEMALE STUDENTS","authors":"D. Vrabie, G. Iacob","doi":"10.36836/2021/2/31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36836/2021/2/31","url":null,"abstract":"Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) also called bioelectrical impedance (BEI) is a non-invasive method based on the electric conductibility properties of tissues and is a commonly used technique for estimating body composition.Percentage of body fat is strongly associated with the risk of several chronic diseases but its accurate measurement is difficult. Body Mass Index is a useful population-level measure of overweight and obesity. It is used for all categories of people, male or female.The main objective of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between BMI and body fat percentage (BF%) in a group of Romanian female students. This relationship has been studiedin various ethnic groups before. To conduct the study, we examined 29 young females (aged 20-36 years old) estimating BF% from bioelectrical impedance analysis using Tanita Body Fat Monitor Scale UM-076.In this research group, the BMI and BodyFat dependent variables have a moderate to strong correlation (r = .839; 0.75 < r < 1), the favorable score for the first measurement being a statistically relevant benchmark for the second (sig < 0.05).","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76254644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oana-Ruxandra Stîncel, Cristian Lazăr, Vlad Nicoară, M. Oravițan
Introduction: Although football is recognized as the fastest growing sport globally, scientific literature on female footballis still limited. Available published data in understanding the physical demands of female football players have described the necessity of a high level of physical conditioning during matches with average heart rates of 84-86% maximum heart rate and an average of 9.1-11.9 km in total distance covered in the running. The most commonly utilized physical performance measures reported are high-speed running (19km/h-23km/h) and sprinting (>23 km/h). A better understanding of football's physical, technical and tactical demands has resulted from investigations of both training and matches by wearing a global positioning system unit.Objective: This study aimed to assess the running speed and the proportions of different types of running during official competitions in elite female football players.Material and Method: A total of 22 female players (16 seniors and six juniors) that are part of a Romanian First League female football team -Politehnica Timisoara, have been monitored for running speed and covered distance in 6 official matches, which represent a quarter of the championship period. The assessment period was ten weeks (August-October 2021). The monitored parameters (total distance, distance/minute, low speed running, high speed running, sprint running, and maximum speed) wereobtained using K-Sport GPS with a high sampling rate of 50 Hz.Results: During the six analyzed matches the following average values were found: total covered distance -7906.33 ± 1176.68 m, distance/minute -90.83 ± 3.72 m/min, low-speed running distance-7598.50 ± 1102.16 m, high-speed running distance -308 ± 101.31 m, sprint running distance -69.50 ± 28.54 m, and maximum speed -25.13 ± 0.84 km/h.Conclusion: Regarding the monitored parameters (total distance, average speed, proportion of different speed running, maximum speed), we observed a constancy between different matches. During female football matches, high-speed running and sprinting covered 4.77% of the total distance. Based on this data, a future training objective would be the enhancement of this percentage in order to optimize the key moments of the matches.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF HIGH-SPEEDRUNNING AND SPRINT RUNNING IN ELITE FEMALE FOOTBALL COMPETITIONS","authors":"Oana-Ruxandra Stîncel, Cristian Lazăr, Vlad Nicoară, M. Oravițan","doi":"10.36836/2021/2/34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36836/2021/2/34","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Although football is recognized as the fastest growing sport globally, scientific literature on female footballis still limited. Available published data in understanding the physical demands of female football players have described the necessity of a high level of physical conditioning during matches with average heart rates of 84-86% maximum heart rate and an average of 9.1-11.9 km in total distance covered in the running. The most commonly utilized physical performance measures reported are high-speed running (19km/h-23km/h) and sprinting (>23 km/h). A better understanding of football's physical, technical and tactical demands has resulted from investigations of both training and matches by wearing a global positioning system unit.Objective: This study aimed to assess the running speed and the proportions of different types of running during official competitions in elite female football players.Material and Method: A total of 22 female players (16 seniors and six juniors) that are part of a Romanian First League female football team -Politehnica Timisoara, have been monitored for running speed and covered distance in 6 official matches, which represent a quarter of the championship period. The assessment period was ten weeks (August-October 2021). The monitored parameters (total distance, distance/minute, low speed running, high speed running, sprint running, and maximum speed) wereobtained using K-Sport GPS with a high sampling rate of 50 Hz.Results: During the six analyzed matches the following average values were found: total covered distance -7906.33 ± 1176.68 m, distance/minute -90.83 ± 3.72 m/min, low-speed running distance-7598.50 ± 1102.16 m, high-speed running distance -308 ± 101.31 m, sprint running distance -69.50 ± 28.54 m, and maximum speed -25.13 ± 0.84 km/h.Conclusion: Regarding the monitored parameters (total distance, average speed, proportion of different speed running, maximum speed), we observed a constancy between different matches. During female football matches, high-speed running and sprinting covered 4.77% of the total distance. Based on this data, a future training objective would be the enhancement of this percentage in order to optimize the key moments of the matches.","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82597155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.1080/16138171.2021.2003057
M. Lang, Lut Mergaert, Catarina Arnaut, T. Vertommen
Abstract Little is known about the prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV) in sport in European Union (EU) Member States (MS). The research question underpinning this study was therefore: What is the nature and extent of gender-based violence in sport in the EU? The study involved a scoping exercise that mapped existing research on the incidence and/or prevalence of any/all form(s) of GBV in sport. This was complemented by interviews with key stakeholders within each EU MS. Forty-one studies were identified across 17 countries. Of these, none investigated the whole range of behaviours that constitute GBV, so the prevalence of GBV in sport in EU MS is unknown. The most commonly studied form of GBV was sexual harassment, which had a reported prevalence rate of between 1% and 64% due to different methodologies and definitions. This variation is indicative of the challenges of studying GBV, which are discussed in this paper. Without clear prevalence rates for of (all forms of) GBV, prevention efforts cannot be efficiently targeted and the effectiveness of interventions cannot be assessed. Among others, we recommend the European Commission contract regular research in sport that uses a standardised definition of GBV and a common methodological approach.
{"title":"Gender-based violence in sport: prevalence and problems","authors":"M. Lang, Lut Mergaert, Catarina Arnaut, T. Vertommen","doi":"10.1080/16138171.2021.2003057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2021.2003057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Little is known about the prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV) in sport in European Union (EU) Member States (MS). The research question underpinning this study was therefore: What is the nature and extent of gender-based violence in sport in the EU? The study involved a scoping exercise that mapped existing research on the incidence and/or prevalence of any/all form(s) of GBV in sport. This was complemented by interviews with key stakeholders within each EU MS. Forty-one studies were identified across 17 countries. Of these, none investigated the whole range of behaviours that constitute GBV, so the prevalence of GBV in sport in EU MS is unknown. The most commonly studied form of GBV was sexual harassment, which had a reported prevalence rate of between 1% and 64% due to different methodologies and definitions. This variation is indicative of the challenges of studying GBV, which are discussed in this paper. Without clear prevalence rates for of (all forms of) GBV, prevention efforts cannot be efficiently targeted and the effectiveness of interventions cannot be assessed. Among others, we recommend the European Commission contract regular research in sport that uses a standardised definition of GBV and a common methodological approach.","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49461457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-16DOI: 10.1080/16138171.2021.2003056
Eliane Demers, G. Lessard, Sylvie Parent, Hélène Paradis
Abstract In research, various reasons have been proposed to be able to understand the occurrence of sexual violence in sport. This article examines the relationships between conformity to the sport ethic norms and sexual violence among young athletes, according to sex and type of sport (individual and team). Athletes (n = 1140) from Quebec, Canada aged 13–18 years responded to an online questionnaire, which included two validated tools: a measure of conformity to the sport ethic norms (i.e. striving for distinction, self-sacrifice and refusing to accept limits) and a measure of experiences of sexual violence (i.e. by team-mates and coaches). Relationships between variables were examined using logistic regression analysis. The results show that increasing conformity to the striving for distinction norm contributes to an increase in the probability of being a victim of sexual violence from team-mates. Conformity to this norm is also associated with sexual violence by the coach, depending on the type of sport. Finally, increasing conformity to the norm of self-sacrifice increases the likelihood of experiencing sexual violence from the coach in an individual sport. These results may lead to the establishment of collective actions to influence conformity to the sport ethic norms and may pave the way for other studies to examine the factors influencing sexual violence since the phenomenon is multifactorial and little of the variance is explained by sport ethic.
{"title":"Athlete victims of sexual violence: links to conformity to the sport ethic","authors":"Eliane Demers, G. Lessard, Sylvie Parent, Hélène Paradis","doi":"10.1080/16138171.2021.2003056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2021.2003056","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In research, various reasons have been proposed to be able to understand the occurrence of sexual violence in sport. This article examines the relationships between conformity to the sport ethic norms and sexual violence among young athletes, according to sex and type of sport (individual and team). Athletes (n = 1140) from Quebec, Canada aged 13–18 years responded to an online questionnaire, which included two validated tools: a measure of conformity to the sport ethic norms (i.e. striving for distinction, self-sacrifice and refusing to accept limits) and a measure of experiences of sexual violence (i.e. by team-mates and coaches). Relationships between variables were examined using logistic regression analysis. The results show that increasing conformity to the striving for distinction norm contributes to an increase in the probability of being a victim of sexual violence from team-mates. Conformity to this norm is also associated with sexual violence by the coach, depending on the type of sport. Finally, increasing conformity to the norm of self-sacrifice increases the likelihood of experiencing sexual violence from the coach in an individual sport. These results may lead to the establishment of collective actions to influence conformity to the sport ethic norms and may pave the way for other studies to examine the factors influencing sexual violence since the phenomenon is multifactorial and little of the variance is explained by sport ethic.","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44708773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-13DOI: 10.1080/16138171.2021.2001172
T. Söderström, Peter Brusvik, M. Ferry, Stefan Lund
Abstract This study investigates players who have been selected to a district team in the Swedish Football Association U15 talent programme. Using register data on all selected 15-year-old boy and girl district team players (3943 boys and 4056 girls born between 1986 and 1996) from Sweden’s 24 football districts, we analysed the relationships between club affiliation at age 15, the player population of the district, date of birth, and continuation with football and competitive level as young adults. The results show that a higher percentage of boys than girls continued playing football into young adulthood and that continuation is related to district size. Belonging to an elite club at age 15 reduces the likelihood of girls playing football at age 21, but it has no effect on the likelihood of boys playing football at age 21. In addition, 15-year-old boys and girls from larger districts who played on an elite club at age 15 were more likely to play elite football at age 21. In sum, the study shows that football district size and club affiliation at age 15 affect whether boys and girls continue to play football and whether they play at an elite level as young adults.
{"title":"Selected 15-year-old boy and girl football players’ continuation with football and competitive level in young adulthood: the impact of individual and contextual factors","authors":"T. Söderström, Peter Brusvik, M. Ferry, Stefan Lund","doi":"10.1080/16138171.2021.2001172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2021.2001172","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates players who have been selected to a district team in the Swedish Football Association U15 talent programme. Using register data on all selected 15-year-old boy and girl district team players (3943 boys and 4056 girls born between 1986 and 1996) from Sweden’s 24 football districts, we analysed the relationships between club affiliation at age 15, the player population of the district, date of birth, and continuation with football and competitive level as young adults. The results show that a higher percentage of boys than girls continued playing football into young adulthood and that continuation is related to district size. Belonging to an elite club at age 15 reduces the likelihood of girls playing football at age 21, but it has no effect on the likelihood of boys playing football at age 21. In addition, 15-year-old boys and girls from larger districts who played on an elite club at age 15 were more likely to play elite football at age 21. In sum, the study shows that football district size and club affiliation at age 15 affect whether boys and girls continue to play football and whether they play at an elite level as young adults.","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43019139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-12DOI: 10.1080/16138171.2021.2001173
Louis Moustakas
Abstract Social cohesion is increasingly present and prioritised on the European political agenda. Generally defined as some combination of trust, solidarity and identity, social cohesion is considered the 'glue' that binds societies together. Due to its interactive nature and supposedly universal appeal, sport has been called upon to play a role in fostering social cohesion across the continent. Accordingly, the European Union has invested considerable policy attention and financial resources into related sports projects. Despite this growing attention, we still have little understanding of how social cohesion is conceptualised in EU sport policy or how political priorities and funding requirements influence funded projects. Therefore, this paper aims to contribute to discussions on the role of (sport) policy and funding priorities on our understanding of social cohesion as well as the implementation of sport for social cohesion projects. This paper's findings are generated through a Critical Discourse Analysis of European policy texts and over 200 Erasmus + Sport project descriptions. Based on this, I argue that the Erasmus + funding mechanism and its associated policies take a broad, politically convenient view of social cohesion and endorse a predominantly individual-centred, technical approach to fostering social cohesion. Ultimately, this ignores the systems or privileged groups that inhibit social cohesion and fails to address the root causes of and barriers to social cohesion.
{"title":"Sport and social cohesion within European policy: a critical discourse analysis","authors":"Louis Moustakas","doi":"10.1080/16138171.2021.2001173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2021.2001173","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Social cohesion is increasingly present and prioritised on the European political agenda. Generally defined as some combination of trust, solidarity and identity, social cohesion is considered the 'glue' that binds societies together. Due to its interactive nature and supposedly universal appeal, sport has been called upon to play a role in fostering social cohesion across the continent. Accordingly, the European Union has invested considerable policy attention and financial resources into related sports projects. Despite this growing attention, we still have little understanding of how social cohesion is conceptualised in EU sport policy or how political priorities and funding requirements influence funded projects. Therefore, this paper aims to contribute to discussions on the role of (sport) policy and funding priorities on our understanding of social cohesion as well as the implementation of sport for social cohesion projects. This paper's findings are generated through a Critical Discourse Analysis of European policy texts and over 200 Erasmus + Sport project descriptions. Based on this, I argue that the Erasmus + funding mechanism and its associated policies take a broad, politically convenient view of social cohesion and endorse a predominantly individual-centred, technical approach to fostering social cohesion. Ultimately, this ignores the systems or privileged groups that inhibit social cohesion and fails to address the root causes of and barriers to social cohesion.","PeriodicalId":45735,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Sport and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41907507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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