* This article was first presented virtually in a joint session of Cultic Personnel in the Biblical World and Hebrew Scriptures and Cognate Literature at the annual meeting of the Society for Biblical Literature in San Antonio in 2021, focused on music in the cult; it benefited from the discussion that followed. I would like to think the anonymous JNES reviewers for their thorough and incisive comments. 1 By “anthropomorphic,” I refer not only to human-like form, but also to human-like agency, thought, emotion, behavior, and treatment (see Hundley, “Here a God” [2013]: 82–83; Yahweh Among the Gods [2022], 31–32; Pongratz-Leisten and Sonik, “Between Cognition and Culture” [2015], 37). However, as we will see, the boundary between animate and inanimate, anthropomorphic and non-anthropomorphic, is rather porous. While objects lack agency and animation on the surface, texts ascribe both to various objects. In addition, the form of a cult image said little about how people understood the deity it (re)presented. Regarding anthropomorphic and symbolic forms, see also Hundley, Gods in Dwellings [2013], 228–39, and Pongratz-Leisten and Sonik, “Between Cognition and Culture” (2015), 23–24; regarding a cult image as a form of presentation, and not merely representation, see Gumbrecht, Production of Presence (2004), 355; Pongratz-Leisten and Sonik, “Between Cognition and Culture” (2015), 10–12. Regarding the ing a static conception, texts adopted a context-specific approach to deities, even a context-specific approach to whether something was divine or not.2 This article presents a case study in the pragmatics and rhetoric of occasional deification by exploring the deification of musical instruments in Mesopotamia.3 It then turns to a preliminary investigation of the sparser data from Ugarit and the Hebrew Bible to see the relation between traditions and what light Mesopotamia may shed on its Levantine neighbors’ conceptualizations. In Mesopotamia, why were only certain instruments divine, and only in certain contexts? Some scholars argue for the deification of sacred objects by association or contagion,4 and musical instruments because
*本文首次在2021年圣安东尼奥圣经文学协会年会上的《圣经世界中的邪教人员》和《希伯来圣经与同源文学》联合会议上以虚拟方式发表，重点关注邪教中的音乐;它从随后的讨论中受益。我想感谢匿名的JNES评论者，他们的评论是彻底而深刻的。1 .我所说的“拟人化”不仅指类似人类的形式，还指类似人类的机构、思想、情感、行为和治疗(见Hundley，“Here a God”[2013]:82-83;《众神中的耶和华》[2022]，31-32;pongratz - lelisten and Sonik，“Between Cognition and Culture”[2015]，第37卷。然而，正如我们将看到的，有生命和无生命、拟人化和非拟人化之间的界限是相当模糊的。对象在表面上缺乏能动性和动态性，而文本则把这两者都归于各种对象。此外，邪教形象的形式几乎没有说明人们如何理解它(重新)呈现的神。关于拟人化和象征形式，参见Hundley, Gods in民居[2013]，228-39，以及Pongratz-Leisten和Sonik，“Between Cognition and Culture”(2015)，23-24;将邪教形象视为一种呈现形式，而不仅仅是表现，见Gumbrecht, Production of Presence (2004)， 355;Pongratz-Leisten和Sonik，“认知与文化之间”(2015)，10-12。关于静态概念的概念，文本对神采取了一种特定于上下文的方法，甚至对某物是否神圣也采用了一种特定于上下文的方法本文通过探索美索不达米亚乐器的神化，提出了一个关于偶尔神化的语用学和修辞学的案例研究。然后，它转向对乌加里特语和希伯来圣经中较少的数据的初步调查，以了解传统之间的关系，以及美索不达米亚可能为其黎文特邻居的概念化提供了什么启示。在美索不达米亚，为什么只有特定的乐器是神圣的，而且只在特定的背景下?一些学者主张通过联想或传染来神化圣物，4和乐器，因为
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Lucía Elena Díaz-Iglesias Llanos, D. Méndez-Rodriguez
The epigraphical study of the inscribed walls in the Theban burial chamber commissioned by Nakht min (TT 87), undertaken between 2020 and 2022, has established the steps of the decorative process of the chamber and identified three scribal hands. The chaîne opératoire behind the decoration was elucida ted by the cooperation of epigraphists and restorers through the careful observation of all the physical marks left on the surfaces both in situ (using normal and raking lights, as well as magnifying glasses) and with high resolution photographs. The identification of the hands is based on the analysis of an array of features related to the mise en page, the morphology and technology of signs, and scribal practices. This research, undertaken from the perspective of material philology, sheds light on New Kingdom craftsmen and scribes, considering both their collective work and in dividual traits.
Nakhtmin（TT 87）委托于2020年至2022年间对底比斯墓室的铭文墙进行了金石学研究，确定了墓室装饰过程的步骤，并确定了三只涂鸦手。在金石学家和修复师的合作下，通过仔细观察现场（使用普通和斜光以及放大镜）和高分辨率照片，对表面留下的所有物理痕迹进行了详细的说明。手的识别是基于对与mise en page、标志的形态和技术以及涂鸦实践相关的一系列特征的分析。这项研究从材料文献学的角度出发，结合新王国工匠和抄写员的集体工作和个人特点，对他们进行了研究。
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{"title":":Das Totenmahl in Syrien im 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr.: Eine Untersuchung zur Bedeutung, Symbolik und Tradition eines altorientalischen Konzepts in philologischer, archäologischer und religionsgeschichtlicher Perspektive am Beispiel von Mari, Qaṭna und Ugarit","authors":"","doi":"10.1086/723774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723774","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48380556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Arabic in Context. Celebrating 400 Years of Arabic at Leiden University","authors":"L. Kogan","doi":"10.1086/723833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723833","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41555720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Pottery Making and Communities during the 5th Millennium BCE in Fars Province, Southwestern Iran","authors":"A. Alizadeh","doi":"10.1086/723791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723791","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44791552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Mesopotamia: Ancient Art and Architecture","authors":"","doi":"10.1086/723844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723844","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44045071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Tell Abada: An Ubaid Village in Central Mesopotamia","authors":"Samuel Harris","doi":"10.1086/723845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723845","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48811571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bergesgleich baute ich hoch: Untersuchungen zur Architektur, Funktion und Bedeutung neuassyrischer Befestigungsanlagen. By Alexander Sollee. Schriften zur vorderasiatischen Archäologie 17. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2020. Pp. xi + 286. €100.00 (cloth).","authors":"Janoscha Kreppner","doi":"10.1086/721348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721348","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43948572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Présence et influence assyriennes dans le royaume de Hamat. By Adonice-Ackad Baaklin. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2021. Pp. xi + 371 + 246 figures + 30 tables. €58.00 (paper).","authors":"Michaël Fortin","doi":"10.1086/721345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721345","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44172440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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