The intriguing textual history of Q. Maryam 19:19 remains neglected in modern scholarship. This study offers an analysis of this textual history in light of new insights from the codicology of early Qurʾan manuscripts. Further, it puts forward suggestions for how one might interpret the verse and its rival readings in light of its textual history and motifs associated with the Annunciation to the Virgin Mary in the homiletic literature of Syriac Christianity in Near Eastern Late Antiquity. In Q. Maryam 19:19, a spirit (rūḥ) sent by God announces to Mary the birth of her child Jesus by declaring, “I am but a messenger of your Lord [sent] so that I may give you a pure son” (innamā ʾana rasūlu rabbiki li-ʾahaba laki ghulāman zakiyyan). This verse boasts a fascinating textual history that has somehow hitherto largely escaped the attention of modern scholarship; however, it occupied the attention of premodern scholars considerably. The early philologist al-Farrāʾ (d. 207 ah/822 ad, Kūfah) provides one of our earliest comments on the curious wording of the verse; he observes that, at first blush, the statement, “so that I may give you (li-ʾahaba laki) a pure son,” appears to imply that the spiritual messenger impregnates Mary—i.e., that he himself gives Mary the child rather than God. But al-Farrāʾ rejects this interpretation and explains that, “the giving [of the boy] is from God, though [the spirit] Gabriel speaks to her as though he himself is the giver.” In other words, the spiritual messenger said what he said, but he did not do what he said. Noting that such ambiguous phrasing is common in the Qurʾan, al-Farrāʾ offers us a simple, if not entirely satisfying, solution to the peculiar wording of the annunciation to Mary.1 Besides this solution,
{"title":"The Virgin Annunciate in the Meccan Qurʾan: Q. Maryam 19:19 in Context","authors":"S. Anthony","doi":"10.1086/721353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721353","url":null,"abstract":"The intriguing textual history of Q. Maryam 19:19 remains neglected in modern scholarship. This study offers an analysis of this textual history in light of new insights from the codicology of early Qurʾan manuscripts. Further, it puts forward suggestions for how one might interpret the verse and its rival readings in light of its textual history and motifs associated with the Annunciation to the Virgin Mary in the homiletic literature of Syriac Christianity in Near Eastern Late Antiquity. In Q. Maryam 19:19, a spirit (rūḥ) sent by God announces to Mary the birth of her child Jesus by declaring, “I am but a messenger of your Lord [sent] so that I may give you a pure son” (innamā ʾana rasūlu rabbiki li-ʾahaba laki ghulāman zakiyyan). This verse boasts a fascinating textual history that has somehow hitherto largely escaped the attention of modern scholarship; however, it occupied the attention of premodern scholars considerably. The early philologist al-Farrāʾ (d. 207 ah/822 ad, Kūfah) provides one of our earliest comments on the curious wording of the verse; he observes that, at first blush, the statement, “so that I may give you (li-ʾahaba laki) a pure son,” appears to imply that the spiritual messenger impregnates Mary—i.e., that he himself gives Mary the child rather than God. But al-Farrāʾ rejects this interpretation and explains that, “the giving [of the boy] is from God, though [the spirit] Gabriel speaks to her as though he himself is the giver.” In other words, the spiritual messenger said what he said, but he did not do what he said. Noting that such ambiguous phrasing is common in the Qurʾan, al-Farrāʾ offers us a simple, if not entirely satisfying, solution to the peculiar wording of the annunciation to Mary.1 Besides this solution,","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":"81 1","pages":"363 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42351356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conversion to Islam: Competing Themes in Early Islamic Historiography. By Ayman S. Ibrahim. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. Pp. xxi + 291. $99 (cloth).","authors":"Ilkka Lindstedt","doi":"10.1086/721381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42477344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Animal Offerings and Cultic Calendar in the Neo-Babylonian Sippar. By Radosław Tarasewicz and Stefan Zawadzki. Alter Orient und Altes Testament 451. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2018. Pp. xxiv + 1025 + illustrations. €209 (cloth).","authors":"Michael Kozuh","doi":"10.1086/721347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721347","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48593049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Clay World of Çatalhöyük. By Chris Doherty. Oxford: BAR Publishing, 2020. Pp. xv + 120 + 18 tables + 95 figures. £35.00 (paper).","authors":"S. Love","doi":"10.1086/721378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721378","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44370504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Geography of Trade. Landscapes of Competition and Long-distance Contacts in Mesopotamia and Anatolia in the Old Assyrian Colony Period. By Alessio Palmisano. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2018. Pp. xii + 192 + 102 color and black and white illustrations. £35 (paper).","authors":"Y. Heffron, Neil Erskine","doi":"10.1086/718499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718499","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45838422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amirdovlat (d. 1496) was a physician from Amasya in Central Anatolia who could boast of more than his Arabic name (reflecting amīr al-dawla, “the commander of the state”). He boasted that he served the Ottoman sultan as a chief surgeon (cerrah-başı) and a chief gardener (bostancı-başı), and that he had mastered medical knowledge in five languages, not only Arabic and Persian, but also Greek, Armenian, and “Dalmatian” (perhaps Latin).1 This early Ottoman physician claimed to embody the pinnacle of medical knowledge in the
{"title":"“The Garden of the Reasonable”: Religious Diversity Among Middle Eastern Physicians, ad 1000–1500","authors":"Thomas A. Carlson","doi":"10.1086/718476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718476","url":null,"abstract":"Amirdovlat (d. 1496) was a physician from Amasya in Central Anatolia who could boast of more than his Arabic name (reflecting amīr al-dawla, “the commander of the state”). He boasted that he served the Ottoman sultan as a chief surgeon (cerrah-başı) and a chief gardener (bostancı-başı), and that he had mastered medical knowledge in five languages, not only Arabic and Persian, but also Greek, Armenian, and “Dalmatian” (perhaps Latin).1 This early Ottoman physician claimed to embody the pinnacle of medical knowledge in the","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":"81 1","pages":"99 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43835267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Babylonian šumma immeru Omens: Transmission, Reception and Text Production. By Yoram Cohen. Münster: Zaphon, 2020. Pp. xxiv + 406. €98 (cloth).","authors":"U. Koch","doi":"10.1086/718578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718578","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49424484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Law and Politics under the Abbasids: An Intellectual Portrait of al-Juwaynī. By Sohaira Siddiqui. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp. xiii + 312. $99.99 (cloth).","authors":"Mariam Sheibani","doi":"10.1086/718466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718466","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49146190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Material and Ideological Base of the Old Babylonian State: History, Economy and Politics. By Lukáš Pecha. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2018. Pp. xvii + 361. $121 (cloth).","authors":"A. Jacquet","doi":"10.1086/718514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718514","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44844641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mesopotamische Schöpfungstexte in Ritualen: Methodik und Fallstudien zur situativen Verortung. By Kerstin Maiwald. Mythological Studies, vol. 3. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2021. Pp. xx + 461 + 2 illustrations + 14 tables. $137.99 (cloth).","authors":"Sam Mirelman","doi":"10.1086/718475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718475","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49275464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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