{"title":"Conversion to Islam: Competing Themes in Early Islamic Historiography. By Ayman S. Ibrahim. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. Pp. xxi + 291. $99 (cloth).","authors":"Ilkka Lindstedt","doi":"10.1086/721381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42477344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Animal Offerings and Cultic Calendar in the Neo-Babylonian Sippar. By Radosław Tarasewicz and Stefan Zawadzki. Alter Orient und Altes Testament 451. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2018. Pp. xxiv + 1025 + illustrations. €209 (cloth).","authors":"Michael Kozuh","doi":"10.1086/721347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721347","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48593049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Clay World of Çatalhöyük. By Chris Doherty. Oxford: BAR Publishing, 2020. Pp. xv + 120 + 18 tables + 95 figures. £35.00 (paper).","authors":"S. Love","doi":"10.1086/721378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721378","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44370504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Geography of Trade. Landscapes of Competition and Long-distance Contacts in Mesopotamia and Anatolia in the Old Assyrian Colony Period. By Alessio Palmisano. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2018. Pp. xii + 192 + 102 color and black and white illustrations. £35 (paper).","authors":"Y. Heffron, Neil Erskine","doi":"10.1086/718499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718499","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45838422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amirdovlat (d. 1496) was a physician from Amasya in Central Anatolia who could boast of more than his Arabic name (reflecting amīr al-dawla, “the commander of the state”). He boasted that he served the Ottoman sultan as a chief surgeon (cerrah-başı) and a chief gardener (bostancı-başı), and that he had mastered medical knowledge in five languages, not only Arabic and Persian, but also Greek, Armenian, and “Dalmatian” (perhaps Latin).1 This early Ottoman physician claimed to embody the pinnacle of medical knowledge in the
{"title":"“The Garden of the Reasonable”: Religious Diversity Among Middle Eastern Physicians, ad 1000–1500","authors":"Thomas A. Carlson","doi":"10.1086/718476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718476","url":null,"abstract":"Amirdovlat (d. 1496) was a physician from Amasya in Central Anatolia who could boast of more than his Arabic name (reflecting amīr al-dawla, “the commander of the state”). He boasted that he served the Ottoman sultan as a chief surgeon (cerrah-başı) and a chief gardener (bostancı-başı), and that he had mastered medical knowledge in five languages, not only Arabic and Persian, but also Greek, Armenian, and “Dalmatian” (perhaps Latin).1 This early Ottoman physician claimed to embody the pinnacle of medical knowledge in the","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":"81 1","pages":"99 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43835267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Babylonian šumma immeru Omens: Transmission, Reception and Text Production. By Yoram Cohen. Münster: Zaphon, 2020. Pp. xxiv + 406. €98 (cloth).","authors":"U. Koch","doi":"10.1086/718578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718578","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49424484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Law and Politics under the Abbasids: An Intellectual Portrait of al-Juwaynī. By Sohaira Siddiqui. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp. xiii + 312. $99.99 (cloth).","authors":"Mariam Sheibani","doi":"10.1086/718466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718466","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49146190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Material and Ideological Base of the Old Babylonian State: History, Economy and Politics. By Lukáš Pecha. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2018. Pp. xvii + 361. $121 (cloth).","authors":"A. Jacquet","doi":"10.1086/718514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718514","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44844641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mesopotamische Schöpfungstexte in Ritualen: Methodik und Fallstudien zur situativen Verortung. By Kerstin Maiwald. Mythological Studies, vol. 3. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2021. Pp. xx + 461 + 2 illustrations + 14 tables. $137.99 (cloth).","authors":"Sam Mirelman","doi":"10.1086/718475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718475","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49275464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Literary symbols are complex by their very nature. They are inherently polyvalent. At their best, symbols are both denotative and suggestive. They anchor the reader in the storyline and simultaneously direct her to significance and meaning beyond the literal to something less obvious. This article considers how birdcalls and bird imagery help to develop the setting and storyline in the Gilgameš Epic and also function as symbols that accentuate important themes. An appreciation of birds’ denotative and suggestive meanings is facilitated by the presentation and perceptions of these animals in first-millennium lexical lists and commentaries (ur5-ra = ḫubullu, mur-gud), the omen compendium Šumma ālu, and especially the scholarly tablets known as “the birdcall texts.” After drawing upon the cultural associations of birds and their calls to explain the imagery in the Gilgameš Epic, consideration will be given to possible historical circumstances whereby lexical traditions, omen literature, and birdcall texts might have influenced the tradents who standardized this literary composition. Tablet V of the Standard Babylonian Gilgameš Epic1 opens with a scenic description of the Cedar Forest and its soundscape. This mythical woodland was “ . . . the gods’ dwelling place, the goddesses’ exalted abode” (V:7). As such, it was characterized by “luxuriance” and “plenty” (e.g., ḫiṣbu [V:8], nuḫšu [V:23]) with birds and other creatures contributing to the Forest’s lively noises.2
{"title":"Soundscapes, Portentous Calls, and Bird Symbolism in the Gilgameš Epic","authors":"A. Miglio","doi":"10.1086/718002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718002","url":null,"abstract":"Literary symbols are complex by their very nature. They are inherently polyvalent. At their best, symbols are both denotative and suggestive. They anchor the reader in the storyline and simultaneously direct her to significance and meaning beyond the literal to something less obvious. This article considers how birdcalls and bird imagery help to develop the setting and storyline in the Gilgameš Epic and also function as symbols that accentuate important themes. An appreciation of birds’ denotative and suggestive meanings is facilitated by the presentation and perceptions of these animals in first-millennium lexical lists and commentaries (ur5-ra = ḫubullu, mur-gud), the omen compendium Šumma ālu, and especially the scholarly tablets known as “the birdcall texts.” After drawing upon the cultural associations of birds and their calls to explain the imagery in the Gilgameš Epic, consideration will be given to possible historical circumstances whereby lexical traditions, omen literature, and birdcall texts might have influenced the tradents who standardized this literary composition. Tablet V of the Standard Babylonian Gilgameš Epic1 opens with a scenic description of the Cedar Forest and its soundscape. This mythical woodland was “ . . . the gods’ dwelling place, the goddesses’ exalted abode” (V:7). As such, it was characterized by “luxuriance” and “plenty” (e.g., ḫiṣbu [V:8], nuḫšu [V:23]) with birds and other creatures contributing to the Forest’s lively noises.2","PeriodicalId":45745,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES","volume":"81 1","pages":"165 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42348231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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