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The EU and its Perilous Journey Through the Migration Crisis: Informalisation of the EU Return Policy and Rule of Law Concerns 欧盟及其在移民危机中的危险旅程:欧盟遣返政策的非正式化和法治问题
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3171983
Caterina Molinari
The co-operation between the European Union (EU or Union) and third countries on the return and readmission of irregular migrants is increasingly informal, enshrined in political or administrative deals rather than formal international treaties. This article explores the effect of the systematisation in the use of informal deals on the rule of law compliance of the Union’s return policy. It argues that the systematic recourse to informal deals relates to a strategic avoidance of judicial and democratic accountability of the Union’s action. More particularly, EU Institutions make use of the distinction between international treaties and non-binding informal deals to sever an area of governance with clear fundamental rights implications, i.e. the EU return policy, from judicial and democratic oversight. This compromises the rule of law compliance of the EU return policy. In fact, as constitutional principle of the EU legal order, the rule of law inextricably connects and encompasses the pre-eminence of the law, democratic guarantees, and fundamental rights protection.
欧盟(EU或Union)与第三国在遣返和重新接纳非正规移民方面的合作越来越非正式,它们被写入政治或行政协议,而不是正式的国际条约。本文探讨了使用非正式交易的系统化对欧盟退货政策的法治遵从的影响。它认为,有系统地求助于非正式交易涉及战略性地逃避对欧盟行动的司法和民主责任。更具体地说,欧盟机构利用国际条约和非约束性非正式协议之间的区别,将具有明确基本权利含义的治理领域(即欧盟回归政策)与司法和民主监督分开。这损害了欧盟遣返政策的法治遵从性。事实上,作为欧盟法律秩序的宪法原则,法治与法律至上、民主保障和基本权利保护有着密不可分的联系。
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引用次数: 5
Gutierrez Naranjo: on limits in law and limits of law 古铁雷斯·纳兰霍:论法律的限制和法律的限制
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2017-08-30 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3034210
C. Mak
While private law defines limits to the effects of contracts, there also are limits to what the law can achieve. This article reflects on the implications of the CJEU’s judgment in the Spanish case of Gutierrez Naranjo, concerning the temporal effects of the nullity of unfair "floor clauses" in mortgage contracts. To what extent can the powers of national highest courts be restricted by the CJEU in fields that are governed by a combination of national rules of private law and EU law, and to what extent should socio-economic factors be taken into account in adjudication? In particular, attention is paid to questions of Kompetenz-Kompetenz, the importance of the socio-economic context of the case, the ideas of justice underlying the interaction of national private law and EU law, and the added value of transnational judicial dialogues for handling complex legal questions on the interface of different legal orders.
虽然私法规定了合同效力的限制,但法律所能达到的效果也有限制。本文反思了欧洲法院在西班牙古铁雷斯·纳兰霍案中关于抵押合同中不公平的“最低限度条款”无效的时间影响的判决的意义。在国家私法规则和欧盟法相结合的领域,欧洲法院可以在多大程度上限制国家最高法院的权力?在裁决中应在多大程度上考虑社会经济因素?特别关注的是Kompetenz-Kompetenz问题,案件的社会经济背景的重要性,国家私法和欧盟法相互作用的正义理念,以及跨国司法对话在处理不同法律秩序界面上复杂法律问题的附加价值。
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引用次数: 2
The role states in modern international of the heads of contract law Carol Tisum 在现代国际合同法的领袖卡罗尔·蒂苏姆的角色状态
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2017-01-10 DOI: 10.21859/EULAWREV-09011
Carol Tisum
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引用次数: 0
Personal non-property rights of Role and relevance of Australia and japan in civil rights 个人非财产权利在澳大利亚和日本民权中的作用和关联
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2017-01-10 DOI: 10.21859/eulawrev-09015
T. Varner
This article describes the personal non-property rights and the Japanese civil law, carried out a comparative analysis of the legal and theoretical suggestions.
本文介绍了人身非财产权与日本民法,进行了比较分析,提出了法律和理论建议。
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引用次数: 0
Rights and responsibility of the government to aliens in Iran Jurisprudence and International Law 伊朗政府对外国人的权利与责任——法理学与国际法
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2017-01-10 DOI: 10.21859/EULAWREV-09014
Farnoosh Amiri, Seyed Mohsen Sheykholislam, M. Rezae
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引用次数: 0
Judicial-Criminal Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards Traditional and Electronic Press Offenses 伊朗伊斯兰共和国对传统和电子新闻犯罪的司法刑事政策
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2017-01-10 DOI: 10.21859/EULAWREV-09012
Mansour Deh Namaki
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引用次数: 0
EU citizenship as a constitutional restraint on the EU’s multilevel governance of public goods 欧盟公民身份对欧盟公共产品多层次治理的宪政约束
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3100179
E. Petersmann
This contribution suggests a republican interpretation of EU citizenship rights based on the following three propositions: first, the more globalisation transforms national into transnational public goods, the more democratic and republican constitutionalism requires to design and implement transnational public goods treaties as democratic law empowering citizens to invoke and enforce precise and unconditional multilevel market regulations and the protection of public goods vis-a-vis multilevel governance institutions. Secondly, as EU law, such as arts 2 and 9�12 TEU, requires EU Institutions and Member States to protect constitutional, representative, participatory and deliberative democracy and limits all internal and external EU powers by fundamental rights and protection of public goods (res publica), EU citizens rightly challenge EU trade, investment and other treaties that privilege interest groups and undermine the constitutional contract of citizens as codified in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Thirdly, just as common market and competition law inside and beyond the EU protect citizen-driven network governance and rights-based vigilance of EU citizens embedded into comprehensive protection of fundamental rights and a �social market economy� (art.3 TEU), EU institutions should respond to the legitimacy and rule-of-law crises in other areas of EU governance by reconnecting EU law with EU citizens as democratic principals of multilevel governance agents. Anti-citizen clauses in EU free trade agreements with non-European countries (such as art.30.6 CETA) and discriminatory arbitration privileges for foreign investors illustrate the authoritarian disconnect of EU bureaucrats from EU citizens; they risk undermining rule of law, constitutional democracy, and the �social market economy� inside the EU.
这一贡献提出了一种基于以下三个命题的对欧盟公民权的共和解释:首先,全球化越是将国家公共产品转变为跨国公共产品,民主和共和宪政就越需要设计和实施跨国公共产品条约,将其作为民主法律,赋予公民援引和执行精确和无条件的多层次市场监管,并保护公共产品,而不是多层次治理机构。其次,由于欧盟法律(如TEU第2条和第9 - 12条)要求欧盟机构和成员国保护宪法、代表性、参与性和审议性民主,并通过基本权利和保护公共产品(res publica)来限制所有欧盟内部和外部权力,欧盟公民正确地挑战欧盟贸易、投资和其他条约,这些条约使利益集团享有特权,并破坏了《欧盟基本权利宪章》(EU Charter of fundamental rights)中规定的公民宪法契约。第三,正如欧盟内外的共同市场和竞争法保护公民驱动的网络治理和基于权利的欧盟公民警惕,并将其纳入对基本权利和“社会市场经济”的全面保护(第3条)TEU),欧盟机构应该通过将欧盟法律与欧盟公民作为多层治理主体的民主主体重新联系起来,来应对欧盟治理其他领域的合法性和法治危机。欧盟与非欧洲国家签订的自由贸易协定(如CETA第30.6条)中的反公民条款,以及给予外国投资者的歧视性仲裁特权,说明了欧盟官僚与欧盟公民之间的专制脱节;他们冒着破坏欧盟内部法治、宪政民主和“社会市场经济”的风险。
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引用次数: 5
What Role for the European Parliament Under Article 50 TEU 在《里斯本条约》第50条下,欧洲议会扮演什么角色
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.17863/CAM.7118
D. Harvey
Following the UK's vote to leave the EU in a national referendum there has been much debate over the correct legal process to be followed under both domestic law and the EU Treaties to give effect to this decision. This article seeks to contribute to these discussions by focusing on an aspect of the withdrawal process which, in the author�s view, has not been given full consideration to date; namely, the need for the consent of the European Parliament before any withdrawal agreement may be completed.
英国在全民公投中决定退出欧盟后,关于国内法和欧盟条约应遵循的正确法律程序以使这一决定生效的问题引发了很多争论。本文力求对这些讨论作出贡献,把重点放在撤回程序的一个方面,而作者认为,这个方面迄今尚未得到充分考虑;也就是说,在完成任何退出协议之前,都需要得到欧洲议会的同意。
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引用次数: 2
The influence of EU law on Strasbourg doctrines 欧盟法律对斯特拉斯堡学说的影响
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2016-12-31 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2922462
Tobias Lock
This article identifies four distinct areas of EU law influence on the ECtHR's doctrines: references for informational purposes; references to support an autonomous interpretation; legal transplants; and references in the context of evolutive interpretation. EU law is relevant for both the determination of the scope of Convention rights and for the ECtHR's proportionality analysis, but EU law influence is not confined to the case law of the CJEU. It includes the full spectrum of EU legal materials. While it welcomes the ECtHR's engagement with developments at EU level, the article expresses a normative critique that is underpinned by a concern that the ECtHR's reasoning is often lacking in clarity and exposition of argument.
本文确定了欧盟法律对欧洲人权法院理论影响的四个不同领域:参考资料;支持自主解释的参考文献;法律移植;以及在进化解释的背景下的参考文献。欧盟法与确定《公约》权利的范围和欧洲人权法院的比例性分析都有关,但欧盟法的影响并不局限于欧洲法院的判例法。它包括欧盟法律材料的全部范围。虽然它欢迎欧洲人权法院参与欧盟层面的发展,但文章表达了一种规范性的批评,这种批评的基础是一种担忧,即欧洲人权法院的推理往往缺乏清晰度和论据的阐述。
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引用次数: 4
Effect of ICT on Accounting Information System and Organizational Performance 信息通信技术对会计信息系统和组织绩效的影响
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 LAW Pub Date : 2016-11-10 DOI: 10.21859/EULAWREV-08061
Taiwo J.N., ACIB Agwu M. Edwin
ICT has been a major factor of efficient accounting system and great organizational performance recently. ICT has been used to augment the reliability of accounting information and organizational performance. Accounting systems include the computer hardware and software fundamentals in recording accounting information. Organizational performance in this study was related to ability finances, ability to meet set goals and actions. However, to maximise the benefits of information technology systems, the appropriate implementation and adoption procedures have to used, or else, there is little or no impact of these technologies on the earlier mentioned variables. This study investigates empirically the impact of information technology on accounting systems and organizational performance. This study utilizes secondary data and Pearson’s correlation was used for analysis using SPSS for a sample of 20 staff in financial services and other related accounting departments in Covenant University. The results of the empirical findings show that there is a significant positive relationship between ICT system and accounting system and a significant positive relationship between ICT and organizational performance.
近年来,信息通信技术已成为有效的会计系统和良好的组织绩效的主要因素。信息通信技术已被用于增加会计信息和组织绩效的可靠性。会计系统包括记录会计信息的计算机硬件和软件基础。本研究中的组织绩效与能力、财务状况、达到既定目标和行动的能力有关。然而,为了最大限度地发挥信息技术系统的效益,必须使用适当的实施和采用程序,否则,这些技术对前面提到的变量的影响很小或没有影响。本研究实证探讨资讯科技对会计制度与组织绩效的影响。本研究采用二手数据,使用SPSS软件对圣约大学金融服务及其他相关会计部门的20名员工进行样本分析。实证结果表明,信息通信技术系统与会计制度之间存在显著正相关关系,信息通信技术与组织绩效之间存在显著正相关关系。
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引用次数: 27
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European Law Review
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