Pub Date : 2017-05-15DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2017.1326159
M. H. Andreasen, Jytte Agergaard, R. Kiunsi, A. Namangaya
Abstract Urban growth is a significant trend in Africa. Scholarly attention and urban planning efforts have focused disproportionately on the challenges of big cities, while small and medium-sized urban settlements are growing most rapidly and house the majority of urban residents. Small towns have received some attention, but very few studies have focused on secondary cities. This paper offers a study of urban transformations, migration and residential mobility patterns in Arusha, a rapidly growing secondary city of Tanzania. Arusha functions as a major attraction for migrants and in-migration is a central dynamic shaping transformation processes in central areas characterized by high population turnovers, vibrant rental markets and widespread landlordism. There is also a considerable degree of intra-urban residential mobility within and between central areas. Intra-urban residential mobility is the most important dynamic shaping transformation processes in peripheral areas characterized by long-term urban residents moving from central parts of the city as part of a process of establishing themselves as homeowners. Overall, the paper provides crucial insights on how migration and residential mobility patterns influence processes of urban growth and transformation in the context of large secondary city, and thereby contributes to fill a significant knowledge gap on secondary cities in Africa.
{"title":"Urban transformations, migration and residential mobility patterns in African secondary cities","authors":"M. H. Andreasen, Jytte Agergaard, R. Kiunsi, A. Namangaya","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2017.1326159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2017.1326159","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Urban growth is a significant trend in Africa. Scholarly attention and urban planning efforts have focused disproportionately on the challenges of big cities, while small and medium-sized urban settlements are growing most rapidly and house the majority of urban residents. Small towns have received some attention, but very few studies have focused on secondary cities. This paper offers a study of urban transformations, migration and residential mobility patterns in Arusha, a rapidly growing secondary city of Tanzania. Arusha functions as a major attraction for migrants and in-migration is a central dynamic shaping transformation processes in central areas characterized by high population turnovers, vibrant rental markets and widespread landlordism. There is also a considerable degree of intra-urban residential mobility within and between central areas. Intra-urban residential mobility is the most important dynamic shaping transformation processes in peripheral areas characterized by long-term urban residents moving from central parts of the city as part of a process of establishing themselves as homeowners. Overall, the paper provides crucial insights on how migration and residential mobility patterns influence processes of urban growth and transformation in the context of large secondary city, and thereby contributes to fill a significant knowledge gap on secondary cities in Africa.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2017-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82225507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2016.1259078
Kristina Trygg, B. Hermelin
Abstract This article is an explorative investigation of a sample of advanced producer service (APS) companies located in Stockholm (the capital and main urban centre of Sweden). The discussion is centred on aspects of work practice and how this is conditioned by space-time constraints. These space-time constraints refer to coupling, authority and capability constraints which are concepts framed in a time-geography approach. Although time-geography is primarily engaged in mapping presence and locations in time-space, its concepts of constraints embrace physical, social and cultural factors. The article presents an empirical in-depth study of project work and work practice among a selection of APS companies. A micro-approach to work practice has been pursued using a multi-method strategy and time-geography methodology including time diaries, interviews and a questionnaire. The experiences among the investigated companies of time-geography constraints make the constant negotiations for the practice of work among these organizations intelligible. To the extent these investigated companies may be considered representative of advanced services more generally, the presence of pressing constraints helps to explain the more general structure of this industry of high labour turnover and rapid company re-structuring processes.
{"title":"Work practice among advanced producer service firms – project work in space-time","authors":"Kristina Trygg, B. Hermelin","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2016.1259078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2016.1259078","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article is an explorative investigation of a sample of advanced producer service (APS) companies located in Stockholm (the capital and main urban centre of Sweden). The discussion is centred on aspects of work practice and how this is conditioned by space-time constraints. These space-time constraints refer to coupling, authority and capability constraints which are concepts framed in a time-geography approach. Although time-geography is primarily engaged in mapping presence and locations in time-space, its concepts of constraints embrace physical, social and cultural factors. The article presents an empirical in-depth study of project work and work practice among a selection of APS companies. A micro-approach to work practice has been pursued using a multi-method strategy and time-geography methodology including time diaries, interviews and a questionnaire. The experiences among the investigated companies of time-geography constraints make the constant negotiations for the practice of work among these organizations intelligible. To the extent these investigated companies may be considered representative of advanced services more generally, the presence of pressing constraints helps to explain the more general structure of this industry of high labour turnover and rapid company re-structuring processes.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74585511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2017.1316212
J. Márquez-Pérez, Ismael Vallejo-Villalta, José Ignacio Álvarez-Francoso
Abstract An increase in walking or hiking activities in natural areas requires improvements in information and advice about trails, including their difficulty, available services and estimated travel time. Comparative studies show remarkable differences between measured and calculated travel times obtained by available predictive procedures (Naismith’s rule, Tobler’s hiking function or MIDE). A new procedure has been designed by combining pre-existing methods (Tobler’s and MIDE), and travel times have been calculated for 21 trails located in different protected natural areas of Spain. Times obtained are compared with travel times measured by individual users and uploaded into specialized walking-hiking websites (Wikiloc). Results show that the new procedure (Modified Tobler) reduces differences between calculated and measured travel times, which makes it suitable not only for trail managers to estimate travel times but also as a key part of pedestrian transport analysis in trail networks.
{"title":"Estimated travel time for walking trails in natural areas","authors":"J. Márquez-Pérez, Ismael Vallejo-Villalta, José Ignacio Álvarez-Francoso","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2017.1316212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2017.1316212","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An increase in walking or hiking activities in natural areas requires improvements in information and advice about trails, including their difficulty, available services and estimated travel time. Comparative studies show remarkable differences between measured and calculated travel times obtained by available predictive procedures (Naismith’s rule, Tobler’s hiking function or MIDE). A new procedure has been designed by combining pre-existing methods (Tobler’s and MIDE), and travel times have been calculated for 21 trails located in different protected natural areas of Spain. Times obtained are compared with travel times measured by individual users and uploaded into specialized walking-hiking websites (Wikiloc). Results show that the new procedure (Modified Tobler) reduces differences between calculated and measured travel times, which makes it suitable not only for trail managers to estimate travel times but also as a key part of pedestrian transport analysis in trail networks.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83615135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2016.1266272
Katarina Pavlek, Filip Bišćević, Petra Furčić, Ana Grđan, Vesna Gugić, Nino Malešić, Paula Moharić, Vera Vragović, Borna Fuerst-Bjeliš, Marin Cvitanović
Abstract Wildfires are an important factor of landscape dynamics in fire-prone environments of the world. In the Mediterranean, one of the most fire-susceptible environments globally, between 45,000 and 50,000 wildfires are recorded every year, causing disturbances in forest and grassland ecosystems. As a Mediterranean country, Croatia faces these problems, averaging over 1000 registered wildfires annually, with the coastal areas dominated by forest fires and continental Croatia by fires on agricultural lands. This research combines various landscape and socio-economic factors in the analysis of fire occurrence in Croatia’s southernmost region of Dalmatia. Around 275 of the largest fires (encompassing 98% of the total burnt area) registered in 2013 were investigated using OLS, and different spatial indices were employed to analyse regional variability in fire distribution. The results revealed that areas more prone to fires are the northern inland areas of Dalmatia and its entire coastal zone. Altitude and vegetation type demonstrated a correlation with fire occurrence, but an increase in population in the study area was also correlated with wildfire occurrence. Regarding vegetation, the grasslands and Mediterranean shrubland (maquis) were found to be the most fire-prone vegetation types in the study region, the distribution of which can be linked to different socio-economic and demographic processes occurring in the Eastern Adriatic.
{"title":"Spatial patterns and drivers of fire occurrence in a Mediterranean environment: a case study of southern Croatia","authors":"Katarina Pavlek, Filip Bišćević, Petra Furčić, Ana Grđan, Vesna Gugić, Nino Malešić, Paula Moharić, Vera Vragović, Borna Fuerst-Bjeliš, Marin Cvitanović","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2016.1266272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2016.1266272","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wildfires are an important factor of landscape dynamics in fire-prone environments of the world. In the Mediterranean, one of the most fire-susceptible environments globally, between 45,000 and 50,000 wildfires are recorded every year, causing disturbances in forest and grassland ecosystems. As a Mediterranean country, Croatia faces these problems, averaging over 1000 registered wildfires annually, with the coastal areas dominated by forest fires and continental Croatia by fires on agricultural lands. This research combines various landscape and socio-economic factors in the analysis of fire occurrence in Croatia’s southernmost region of Dalmatia. Around 275 of the largest fires (encompassing 98% of the total burnt area) registered in 2013 were investigated using OLS, and different spatial indices were employed to analyse regional variability in fire distribution. The results revealed that areas more prone to fires are the northern inland areas of Dalmatia and its entire coastal zone. Altitude and vegetation type demonstrated a correlation with fire occurrence, but an increase in population in the study area was also correlated with wildfire occurrence. Regarding vegetation, the grasslands and Mediterranean shrubland (maquis) were found to be the most fire-prone vegetation types in the study region, the distribution of which can be linked to different socio-economic and demographic processes occurring in the Eastern Adriatic.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85155295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2016.1258318
Kwadwo Owusu, P. B. Obour, Maame Asiwah Nkansah
Abstract Construction of dams affects the livelihoods of the population living along the dammed river. There is a need for more studies to guide dam development policies and management to safeguard the livelihoods of local river users. This paper examines the effects of dams on the socio-economic livelihoods of downstream communities by drawing on the Kpong Dam in Ghana constructed from 1979 to 1982 with the goal of supplying energy and for irrigation purposes. Primary data were collected in resettled and non-resettled downstream communities using a mixed-research approach. This case study highlights how the Kpong Dam has affected the downstream river-dependent population whose livelihoods, particularly farming and fishing revolved around the seasonal flow regimes of the Volta River. Our study challenges the general perception that dams increase agricultural production by illustrating that developing ancillary facilities such as irrigation schemes as part of dam projects can enhance all-year-round agricultural production to improve food and income security of downstream households only when constraints such as lack of farm inputs are addressed. To safeguard livelihoods and limit the social impacts of dams, compensation schemes and alternative livelihood activities should be designed to include resettled and non-resettled communities along the downstream areas affected by dam projects.
{"title":"Downstream effects of dams on livelihoods of river-dependent communities: the case of Ghana’s Kpong Dam","authors":"Kwadwo Owusu, P. B. Obour, Maame Asiwah Nkansah","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2016.1258318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2016.1258318","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Construction of dams affects the livelihoods of the population living along the dammed river. There is a need for more studies to guide dam development policies and management to safeguard the livelihoods of local river users. This paper examines the effects of dams on the socio-economic livelihoods of downstream communities by drawing on the Kpong Dam in Ghana constructed from 1979 to 1982 with the goal of supplying energy and for irrigation purposes. Primary data were collected in resettled and non-resettled downstream communities using a mixed-research approach. This case study highlights how the Kpong Dam has affected the downstream river-dependent population whose livelihoods, particularly farming and fishing revolved around the seasonal flow regimes of the Volta River. Our study challenges the general perception that dams increase agricultural production by illustrating that developing ancillary facilities such as irrigation schemes as part of dam projects can enhance all-year-round agricultural production to improve food and income security of downstream households only when constraints such as lack of farm inputs are addressed. To safeguard livelihoods and limit the social impacts of dams, compensation schemes and alternative livelihood activities should be designed to include resettled and non-resettled communities along the downstream areas affected by dam projects.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74948429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2016.1267579
José Gómez-Zotano, J. A. Olmedo-Cobo, Jonatan Arias-García
Abstract This paper investigates the plant diversity and current state of the vegetation of a little-known threatened dune complex located in Estepona (southern Spain). This littoral fringe has in the past 60 years experienced a continuous process of intensive occupation derived primarily from tourism and agriculture, which has led to the degradation of the fragile and dynamic coastal systems. Its diminished size and lack of legal protection make it vulnerable to a variety of anthropogenic stresses that threaten the survival of the system. Fieldwork has been the primary methodological procedure to conduct research, given the scarcity of previous studies. The results first of all provide a biogeographical and phytosociological view that elucidates the remarkable plant diversity of the area studied and the complete zonal structure of the communities that comprise the ecosystem. Secondly, a vegetal cartography was created (detail of 1: 2500) to characterize the distribution of flora. This exploration and mapping of vegetation are effective tools in forming a conservation proposal to combat anthropogenic conflicts that destabilize the system. In this sense, harmful human activities threatening the plant phytodiversity of the various strips of vegetation forming the dunes have also been identified.
{"title":"Mediterranean dune vegetation: conservation of a threatened ecosystem in southern Spain","authors":"José Gómez-Zotano, J. A. Olmedo-Cobo, Jonatan Arias-García","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2016.1267579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2016.1267579","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper investigates the plant diversity and current state of the vegetation of a little-known threatened dune complex located in Estepona (southern Spain). This littoral fringe has in the past 60 years experienced a continuous process of intensive occupation derived primarily from tourism and agriculture, which has led to the degradation of the fragile and dynamic coastal systems. Its diminished size and lack of legal protection make it vulnerable to a variety of anthropogenic stresses that threaten the survival of the system. Fieldwork has been the primary methodological procedure to conduct research, given the scarcity of previous studies. The results first of all provide a biogeographical and phytosociological view that elucidates the remarkable plant diversity of the area studied and the complete zonal structure of the communities that comprise the ecosystem. Secondly, a vegetal cartography was created (detail of 1: 2500) to characterize the distribution of flora. This exploration and mapping of vegetation are effective tools in forming a conservation proposal to combat anthropogenic conflicts that destabilize the system. In this sense, harmful human activities threatening the plant phytodiversity of the various strips of vegetation forming the dunes have also been identified.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86436291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2016.1212668
Mwenda Borona, C. Mbow, I. Ouédraogo
Abstract Climate variability, expressed by random short time variation in rainfall and temperature, has severe effects on agriculture in the Sahel. This region depends on a short and uncertain rainy season with many uncertainties in short-term climate variations that affect farm decisions in regards to. sowing period, crop variety, water management, etc. The most conspicuous climate variability issue in West Africa is the high intra-seasonal and inter-annual variability associated with dry (or too wet) spells, and in most cases, season length modifications. We derived selected climate descriptors from 35-year daily climate data to assess inter-annual rainfall anomalies, seasonal variation and temperature trends in southern Burkina Faso. Results show the evolution in the number of rainy days and rainfall sum from the drier years in the late 1970s and early 1980s, which were followed by positive but variable rainfall in the 1990s and 2000s. We further observed widespread occurrence of unsuccessful season onsets in more than 50% of the study period. Short dry spells of 5–10 days dominate most of the years with longer spells at onset shortening the season. The results could be used to orientate interventions aimed at providing well-packaged forecasts for adaptation needs.
{"title":"Unstacking high temporal resolution meteorological data for multidimensional analysis of climate variability in southern Burkina Faso","authors":"Mwenda Borona, C. Mbow, I. Ouédraogo","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2016.1212668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2016.1212668","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate variability, expressed by random short time variation in rainfall and temperature, has severe effects on agriculture in the Sahel. This region depends on a short and uncertain rainy season with many uncertainties in short-term climate variations that affect farm decisions in regards to. sowing period, crop variety, water management, etc. The most conspicuous climate variability issue in West Africa is the high intra-seasonal and inter-annual variability associated with dry (or too wet) spells, and in most cases, season length modifications. We derived selected climate descriptors from 35-year daily climate data to assess inter-annual rainfall anomalies, seasonal variation and temperature trends in southern Burkina Faso. Results show the evolution in the number of rainy days and rainfall sum from the drier years in the late 1970s and early 1980s, which were followed by positive but variable rainfall in the 1990s and 2000s. We further observed widespread occurrence of unsuccessful season onsets in more than 50% of the study period. Short dry spells of 5–10 days dominate most of the years with longer spells at onset shortening the season. The results could be used to orientate interventions aimed at providing well-packaged forecasts for adaptation needs.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81165168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2016.1180998
Christine Benna Skytt-Larsen
Abstract Using life-history interviews on a sample of Swedish inventors, this article studies seminal sociocultural factors and milieus that are critical for the development of inventive capacities. This approach allows the inventors to reflect on and describe the milieus, actors and events in their lives which they themselves believe have formed their inventive capacities. The main findings of the article are that the sociocultural milieus of early childhood, especially the educational backgrounds or skills of parents and grandparents, play an important role in shaping the anatomy of inventors. Further, the social milieu of an inventor’s final education, whether elementary school or university, is a seminal factor in the development of inventive creativity, given the importance of dedicated teachers, co-students and supervisors. Finally, egalitarian organizational structures in the workplace and a solid knowledge infrastructure are also important and influential factors. The study shows that the essence of these seminal milieus varies for different types of inventor, hence three descriptive ideal types of inventor are presented, namely the workshop inventor, the engineering inventor and the academic inventor.
{"title":"What shapes the anatomy of inventors? A life-history analysis of Swedish patent inventors","authors":"Christine Benna Skytt-Larsen","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2016.1180998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2016.1180998","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using life-history interviews on a sample of Swedish inventors, this article studies seminal sociocultural factors and milieus that are critical for the development of inventive capacities. This approach allows the inventors to reflect on and describe the milieus, actors and events in their lives which they themselves believe have formed their inventive capacities. The main findings of the article are that the sociocultural milieus of early childhood, especially the educational backgrounds or skills of parents and grandparents, play an important role in shaping the anatomy of inventors. Further, the social milieu of an inventor’s final education, whether elementary school or university, is a seminal factor in the development of inventive creativity, given the importance of dedicated teachers, co-students and supervisors. Finally, egalitarian organizational structures in the workplace and a solid knowledge infrastructure are also important and influential factors. The study shows that the essence of these seminal milieus varies for different types of inventor, hence three descriptive ideal types of inventor are presented, namely the workshop inventor, the engineering inventor and the academic inventor.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84545146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2016.1208110
Michal Klobučník, Vladimír Bačík
Abstract The aim of the submitted study was to illustrate the development of the number of local authorities in all current EU states in the long period between 1950 and 2011 comprehensively, and also by particular decades, thus demonstrating the originality and uniqueness of the topic analysed in this context. Thus, we obtain a more detailed picture of the development of the number of local authorities in EU countries, and we can monitor how local authorities within a specific country gradually developed. (The stabilisation of the number of local units and an increase or gradual or sudden drop in local units are shown, for example). A sudden drop in local units can be associated with significant administrative reforms and with the development of large units of the so-called municipalities. When it becomes necessary to merge local authorities, many countries look to other countries where extensive reforms took place in the past for inspiration. However, it must be borne in mind that in a general European context, we cannot apply a universal system of public administration reforms, and solutions in the form of these reforms inspired by other countries may not always be appropriate.
{"title":"Development of local authorities in EU-member states between 1950–2011","authors":"Michal Klobučník, Vladimír Bačík","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2016.1208110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2016.1208110","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the submitted study was to illustrate the development of the number of local authorities in all current EU states in the long period between 1950 and 2011 comprehensively, and also by particular decades, thus demonstrating the originality and uniqueness of the topic analysed in this context. Thus, we obtain a more detailed picture of the development of the number of local authorities in EU countries, and we can monitor how local authorities within a specific country gradually developed. (The stabilisation of the number of local units and an increase or gradual or sudden drop in local units are shown, for example). A sudden drop in local units can be associated with significant administrative reforms and with the development of large units of the so-called municipalities. When it becomes necessary to merge local authorities, many countries look to other countries where extensive reforms took place in the past for inspiration. However, it must be borne in mind that in a general European context, we cannot apply a universal system of public administration reforms, and solutions in the form of these reforms inspired by other countries may not always be appropriate.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76550989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2016.1211483
Álvaro Morote-Seguido, M. Hernández-Hernández
Abstract The intense urbanization of the Mediterranean coast as a result of the development of residential-tourist activities since the 1960s, especially from the mid-1990s to 2008, has generated new urban environments associated with extensive urban typologies. These include gardens linked to houses with outdoor spaces that are shared between all of the residents of the residential developments. The aim of this study is to determine the main characteristics of these new urban green spaces and their effect on domestic water consumption in Alicante (Spain). To do this, we analysed the characteristics that define these types of gardens (surface area, density, plant species and irrigation system) and determined their water needs using the Water Use Classifications of Landscape Species method. The main conclusions are that the increase in paved areas is one of the strategies to reduce water consumption in spaces where turf grass is the most common plant species. This is due to increased water prices and lack of water resources.
{"title":"Green areas and water management in residential developments in the European Western Mediterranean. A case study of Alicante, Spain","authors":"Álvaro Morote-Seguido, M. Hernández-Hernández","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2016.1211483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2016.1211483","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The intense urbanization of the Mediterranean coast as a result of the development of residential-tourist activities since the 1960s, especially from the mid-1990s to 2008, has generated new urban environments associated with extensive urban typologies. These include gardens linked to houses with outdoor spaces that are shared between all of the residents of the residential developments. The aim of this study is to determine the main characteristics of these new urban green spaces and their effect on domestic water consumption in Alicante (Spain). To do this, we analysed the characteristics that define these types of gardens (surface area, density, plant species and irrigation system) and determined their water needs using the Water Use Classifications of Landscape Species method. The main conclusions are that the increase in paved areas is one of the strategies to reduce water consumption in spaces where turf grass is the most common plant species. This is due to increased water prices and lack of water resources.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77083179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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