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Book Review: Dependency in the Twenty-First Century? The Political Economy of China–Latin America Relations by Barbara Stallings 书评:二十一世纪的依赖?Barbara Stallings的《中拉关系的政治经济学》
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0920203X221081349a
Shenggao Wang, I. Jiménez
ities under the BRI seek either to upend the logistics, which were established during colonial times, or to extend regional bonds through planned continent-wide routes. Based on the acknowledgement of the importance of a well-functioning logistics sector for China’s recent internal development, Rimmer makes the case for putting geologistics at the heart of assessing the BRI. Thus, he uses geologistics as ‘a framework for considering its global implications’ (p. ix). The first chapter of the book explains how the BRI’s land-based and maritime activities fit into this framework. For the former, the author groups the projects into land bridges, economic corridors, and dry ports; and for the latter he studies blue economic passages, economic circles, and seaport hubs. Chapter 2 summarizes the evolution of the BRI, relating China’s domestic experiences with developing a modern logistics sector to the leadership’s foreign policy goals. Chapters 3 and 4 consider the land-based transport infrastructure in Eurasia. In Chapters 5 to 8, Rimmer discusses the development of seaborne global connections. Chapter 9 concludes with a brief evaluation of the first five years of the BRI. With its comprehensive overview of the BRI’s global extent, the book is a primer for students of China’s foreign economic policy. It is a valuable guide for engaging in the study of global and regional developments that the initiative has instigated. It helps to formulate in-depth questions for further research on the agency of host countries, in light of various examples of reluctant participation in BRI projects and increased activity to pursue competing undertakings. Since Rimmer assesses both the BRI’s evolution as well as political and logistic responses in the targeted regions, the book provides an essential read for understanding how extensive, transnational transport routes under the initiative reconstitute the geographic arena for China’s policymakers. Scholars of international relations and China’s role in international affairs will find the overview of the BRI and its clear maps useful. Students of India’s relations with China will discover interesting threads that can inspire further research, because many of the initiative’s land-based corridors and maritime activities are evolving in the vicinity of India. The book ends with a timely reminder of the importance of new technologies for establishing modern transport infrastructure and its growing effect on international relations. The efforts of Huawei Marine Telecommunications to link coastal cities in transoceanic fibre-optic networks serve as an example for new technologies that students of international relations and China’s role in the world should follow closely to understand the real impact of the BRI and its political ramifications.
“一带一路”倡议下的国家要么试图颠覆殖民时期建立的物流,要么通过计划中的全大陆路线扩大地区联系。基于对运作良好的物流部门对中国近期内部发展的重要性的认识,Rimmer提出了将地质学家置于评估“一带一路”倡议核心的理由。因此,他使用地质学家作为“考虑其全球影响的框架”(第九页)。该书的第一章解释了“一带一路”倡议的陆上和海上活动如何融入这一框架。对于前者,作者将项目分为陆桥、经济走廊和陆港;对于后者,他研究蓝色经济通道、经济圈和海港枢纽。第2章总结了“一带一路”倡议的演变,将中国发展现代物流业的国内经验与领导层的外交政策目标联系起来。第3章和第4章论述了欧亚大陆的陆上运输基础设施。在第5章至第8章中,Rimmer讨论了海运全球连接的发展。第九章是对“一带一路”倡议前五年的简要评价。这本书全面概述了“一带一路”倡议的全球范围,是中国外交经济政策的入门读物。它是参与研究该倡议所倡导的全球和区域事态发展的宝贵指南。鉴于不情愿参与“一带一路”倡议项目和为追求竞争性事业而增加活动的各种例子,它有助于提出深入的问题,以供进一步研究东道国的机构。由于里默评估了“一带一路”倡议的演变以及目标地区的政治和物流反应,这本书为了解该倡议下广泛的跨国运输路线如何为中国决策者重建地理舞台提供了一本重要的读物。研究国际关系和中国在国际事务中的作用的学者会发现,“一带一路”倡议及其清晰的地图很有用。研究印度与中国关系的学生将发现一些有趣的线索,这些线索可以启发进一步的研究,因为该倡议的许多陆地走廊和海上活动都在印度附近发展。这本书的结尾及时提醒人们,新技术对建立现代交通基础设施的重要性及其对国际关系日益增长的影响。华为海洋电信公司通过跨洋光纤网络连接沿海城市的努力,是国际关系和中国在世界上的角色的学生应该密切关注的新技术的一个例子,以了解“一带一路”倡议的真正影响及其政治影响。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: China’s Global Vision and Actions: Reactions to Belt, Road and Beyond by Peter J. Rimmer 书评:《中国的全球视野与行动:对“一带一路”及其他倡议的反应》,作者:Peter J. Rimmer
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0920203X221081349
S. Handke
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: The Chinese Communist Youth League: Juniority and Responsiveness in a Party Youth Organization by Konstantinos D. Tsimonis 书评:康斯坦丁诺斯·d·齐莫尼斯的《中国共产主义青年团:一个党组织中的少年性与响应性》
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0920203X221081349f
S. Rosen
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引用次数: 0
Images of ‘Africa’ in China–Africa cooperation 中非合作中的“非洲”形象
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.1177/0920203X221075308
Kathryn Batchelor
The question of who represents Africa and how Africa is represented to global audiences continues to be hotly debated in academic publications and in the media. The majority of these discussions critique Western representations of Africa, or set up the West as the implied Other in debates over Africa’s right to self-representation. In recent years, however, Africa has found itself increasingly represented by the People’s Republic of China. This article examines the visual representations of ‘Africa’ that are used in promotional material produced by China in connection with official China–Africa cooperation. The article finds that one of the dominant stereotypes used by China is that of natural, ‘primitive’ Africa, a stereotype that has historically been strongly associated with the imperial gaze of the West. This is seen as potentially undermining key elements of China–Africa discourse, notably China’s emphasis on respect for its African partners. At the same time, the article highlights similarities between the imperial gaze and the tourist gaze, and considers the possibility that China’s representations of Africa might be compatible with a tourist gaze on Africa.
学术出版物和媒体继续就谁代表非洲以及如何向全球受众代表非洲的问题进行激烈辩论。这些讨论中的大多数都批评了西方对非洲的代表性,或者在关于非洲自我代表权的辩论中将西方设定为隐含的他者。然而,近年来,中华人民共和国越来越多地代表非洲。本文考察了中国制作的与中非官方合作有关的宣传材料中使用的“非洲”的视觉表现。文章发现,中国使用的主要刻板印象之一是对自然的“原始”非洲的刻板印象,这种刻板印象在历史上与西方的帝国凝视密切相关。这被视为可能破坏中非对话的关键内容,尤其是中国对尊重非洲伙伴的重视。同时,文章强调了帝国凝视和游客凝视之间的相似之处,并考虑了中国对非洲的表现可能与游客对非洲的凝视相兼容的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
The time–space tactics of Chinese Buddhist and Taoist believers under state–religion tension 国教紧张下中国佛道教信徒的时空策略
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.1177/0920203X211060977
Wing-chung Ho, Lin Li
This study explores the experience of elderly rural Buddhist and Taoist believers in communist China where the ruling party has maintained decades-long regulatory control over religion. Based on ethnographic observation and oral histories, the analysis begins with how the actors made sense of and coped in their relationship with the state during the fieldwork period (May–June 2020) when state regulations restricted public religious practice because of COVID-19. The analysis then looks back on how practitioners experienced tightening state ideological control from the early 2010s to before COVID-19; further back at the religious revival during the opening and reform (1980s–2010s); and finally, the Cultural Revolution period (1960s–70s) when strict atheistic measures were imposed. Their narratives reveal the practical logic (habitus) which practitioners used to mediate their resistance against and compromise with the authoritarian state. Specifically, four logical modes that involve actors’ different time–space tactics were identified, namely state–religion disengagement, state–religion enhancement, religious (dis)enlightenment, and karma. The implications of these ostensibly conflicting modes of thinking in mediating the actors’ resistance–compliance interface in contemporary China are discussed.
本研究探讨了中国共产党对宗教进行了长达数十年的监管的农村老年佛教和道教信徒的经历。基于民族志观察和口述历史,分析首先是在实地考察期间(2020年5月至6月),当州法规因新冠肺炎而限制公共宗教实践时,行为者如何理解和处理他们与国家的关系。然后,分析回顾了从2010年代初到新冠肺炎之前,从业者如何经历国家意识形态控制的收紧;再回到改革开放时期的宗教复兴(20世纪80年代-2010年代);最后是文化大革命时期(20世纪60年代至70年代),当时实行了严格的无神论措施。他们的叙述揭示了实践者用来调解他们对威权国家的抵抗和妥协的实践逻辑(习惯)。具体而言,确定了涉及行动者不同时空策略的四种逻辑模式,即国家-宗教脱离、国家-宗教增强、宗教启蒙和因果报应。讨论了这些表面上相互冲突的思维模式在调解当代中国行动者的抵制-顺从界面方面的含义。
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引用次数: 2
Decadence and relational freedom among China's gay migrants: Subverting heteronormativity by ‘lying flat’ 中国同性恋移民的颓废与关系自由:“躺平”颠覆非规范性
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/0920203X211050319
Jinghan Gong, Tingting Liu
Departing from the prevailing, individualist perspective of freedom, emphasizing individuals’ independence and the maximization of self-interest via unconstrained decision-making, this article applies the concepts of practised freedom and relational autonomy to explore the lived experience of Chinese rural-to-urban migrant gay men. Drawing on our ethnographic fieldwork in the ‘urban villages’ (城中村) of South China, we examine the ways in which rural migrant gay men achieve a sense of freedom, which is dependent on rural-to-urban migration, informal manufacturing jobs, and other queer peers, thus demonstrating a certain level of relational autonomy. Our article clearly shows how these men have come to identify as homeless guabi (挂逼, local slang for those who suffer a tragic and mysterious fate) and spend their days wandering, with no interest in stable work or long-term monogamous relationships. Our research offers a first-hand anthropological account of young adults from the rural working classes who prefer to ‘lie flat’ (躺平) – they refuse to strive for upward social mobility because they believe that upward social mobility is unattainable and a factory job too taxing.
本文从主流的个人主义自由观出发,强调个人的独立性和通过不受约束的决策实现自身利益的最大化,运用实践自由和关系自主的概念来探索中国从农村到城市的流动男同性恋的生活体验。借鉴我们在“城中村”的民族志田野调查(城中村) 在中国南方,我们研究了农村流动男同性恋者获得自由感的方式,这种自由感依赖于农村到城市的流动、非正规制造业工作和其他酷儿同龄人,从而表现出一定程度的关系自主权。我们的文章清楚地展示了这些人是如何被认定为无家可归的guabi的(挂逼, 当地俚语,指那些遭受悲惨而神秘命运的人),整天流浪,对稳定的工作或长期的一夫一妻制关系毫无兴趣。我们的研究提供了对农村工人阶级中喜欢“平躺”的年轻人的第一手人类学描述(躺平) – 他们拒绝争取社会向上流动,因为他们认为向上流动是不可能实现的,工厂工作太累。
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引用次数: 3
Localism in Internet governance: The rise of China's provincial web 互联网治理中的地方主义:中国省级网络的兴起
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.1177/0920203X211055038
A. Wu, Lüzhou Li
Often analysing ‘the Chinese Internet’ as a national entity, existing research has overlooked China's provincially oriented web portals, which have supplied information and entertainment to substantial user populations. Through the lenses of the critical political economy of media and critical media industry studies, this article traces the ascendance of China's provincial web from the late 1990s to the early 2000s by analysing industry yearbooks, official reports, conference records, personal memoirs, archived webpages, and user traffic data. We uncover interactions between Internet service providers, legacy media organizations, commercial Internet companies, and the central and local governments – each driven by discrete economic interests, political concerns, and imaginaries about the new technology. Delineating the emergence and consolidation of China's provincial web, our study foregrounds the understudied political economy of online content regionalization at scale. Further, it sheds new light on Chinese media policy, Internet governance, and Internet histories, especially the widely noted conservative turn of online cultures after the mid-2010s.
现有研究经常将“中国互联网”作为一个国家实体进行分析,却忽视了中国面向省级的门户网站,这些门户网站为大量用户提供了信息和娱乐。本文通过分析行业年鉴、官方报告、会议记录、个人回忆录、存档网页和用户流量数据,从媒体的批判性政治经济学和批判性媒体行业研究的视角,追溯了20世纪90年代末至21世纪初中国省级网的崛起。我们揭示了互联网服务提供商、传统媒体组织、商业互联网公司以及中央和地方政府之间的互动——每一个都是由离散的经济利益、政治关切和对新技术的想象驱动的。我们的研究描绘了中国省级网络的出现和巩固,在规模上预测了网络内容区域化的政治经济学研究不足。此外,它还为中国的媒体政策、互联网治理和互联网历史提供了新的视角,尤其是2010年代中期后广受关注的网络文化的保守转变。
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引用次数: 1
Book review: China's Fintech Explosion: Disruption, Innovation, and Survival by Sara Hsu and Jianjun Li 书评:《中国的金融科技爆炸:颠覆、创新与生存》,作者:Sara Hsu和李建军
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/0920203X211051055a
Steve Harrisson
settlement . . . was the Nationalist regime of Chiang Kai-shek, not the Communist government of Mao Zedong’ (p. 13). Chapters 2 through 5 explore the uneven, often contentious, at times comical elevation of the profiles of Chiang Kai-shek and his party for their World War II and post-war roles. Mitter traces the evolution of historical narrative through the lenses of an expanded latitude for historians, a less constrained public sphere, public memorialization, and the evolving symbolism of Chongqing and Yan’an (the respective wartime bases of Chiang’s Nationalists and Mao’s Communists). Among the interesting episodes discussed are the phenomenon of ‘Kuomintang/Republican fans’ (國粉) and the Nationalists’ 1938 victory against the Japanese in the Battle of Taierzhuang. Praise of the Kuomintang for success in the latter was eased by the fact that one of the generals, Li Zongren, defected to the People’s Republic of China (PRC) after the Communists’ victory in the Chinese civil war. The final chapter follows the new, guardedly pro-Nationalist narrative onto the global stage. Here, the party narrative has highlighted the immediate aftermath of World War II, especially the November 1943 Cairo Conference. That meeting between Allied leaders Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Chiang Kai-shek receives far less attention amongWestern historians than do the earlier Atlantic Charter or the subsequent Allied meetings at Tehran and Yalta – none of which involved Chiang. Mitter sees some justice in Chinese pique at such neglect. ‘Few in the West have explored China’s wartime goals as seen through Chinese eyes’ (p. 28). In post-1980s Chinese narratives, China’s contributions both to the war effort and to the creation of a new post-WorldWar II global order constitute a key rationale for the PRC’s role in helping to shape the still emerging order of the post-Cold War world. AswithChinese public and cultural diplomacymore generally, these efforts have included awkward moments. An early poster for the 2015 movie, Cairo Declaration (dir. Wen Deguang and Hu Minggang), for example, featured Mao Zedong and Joseph Stalin (neither of whom attended the conference), along with Roosevelt and Churchill. The film’s semi-fictionalized Roosevelt anticipates Xi Jinping’s China, declaring that ‘China’s war has changed the world. China is a responsible world power.’ Some readers may find helpful the author’s subtle application to his material of theories about vectors and circuits of memory. ‘Soft power’ will be familiar to more readers. Mitter offers occasional observations on contemporary politics beyond (though geopolitically related to) China, such as populism and internationalism. Finally, he includes numerous suggestive analogies – to civil wars in Spain and Greece, to the collaborationist Vichy government in France, to successive wars in Vietnam, to more stable memories of World War II in most Western nations – which might be fruitfully pursued in future scholarship.
协议是蒋介石的国民党政权,而不是毛泽东的共产党政府(第13页)。第二章至第五章探讨了蒋介石及其政党在第二次世界大战和战后角色的不均衡、经常有争议、有时滑稽的提升。米特通过扩大历史学家的自由度、减少限制的公共领域、公共纪念以及重庆和延安(蒋介石的国民党和毛的共产党各自的战时基地)不断演变的象征来追溯历史叙事的演变。讨论的有趣事件包括“国民党/共和党粉丝”现象(國粉) 1938年国民党在台儿庄战役中战胜日本人。其中一位将军李宗仁在中国内战胜利后叛逃到中华人民共和国,这一事实缓和了人们对国民党在后者中取得成功的赞扬。最后一章跟随新的、谨慎的亲民族主义叙事登上全球舞台。在这里,政党的叙述突出了第二次世界大战的直接后果,特别是1943年11月的开罗会议。与早期的《大西洋宪章》或随后在德黑兰和雅尔塔举行的盟军会议相比,盟军领导人富兰克林·罗斯福、温斯顿·丘吉尔和蒋介石之间的那次会议在西方历史学家中受到的关注要少得多。米特从中国人对这种忽视的愤怒中看到了一些正义西方很少有人通过中国人的眼光来探讨中国的战时目标(第28页)。在20世纪80年代后的中国叙事中,中国对战争努力和建立二战后新的全球秩序的贡献,构成了中国在帮助塑造冷战后世界仍在崛起的秩序方面发挥作用的关键理由。正如中国公众和文化外交界普遍认为的那样,这些努力包括尴尬的时刻。例如,2015年电影《开罗宣言》(导演温德光和胡明刚)的早期海报上有毛泽东和约瑟夫·斯大林(两人都没有出席会议),还有罗斯福和丘吉尔。 中国是一个负责任的世界大国一些读者可能会发现,作者将其巧妙地应用于有关记忆矢量和回路的理论材料中是有帮助的“软实力”将为更多读者所熟悉。米特偶尔会对中国以外的当代政治(尽管与地缘政治有关)进行观察,比如民粹主义和国际主义。最后,他列举了许多具有启发性的类比——西班牙和希腊的内战,法国的合作主义维希政府,越南的连续战争,大多数西方国家对第二次世界大战的更稳定记忆——这些都可能在未来的学术研究中得到丰硕的成果。
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引用次数: 0
The politics of emotion during COVID-19: Turning fear into pride in China's WeChat discourse COVID-19期间的情感政治:中国b微信话语中的恐惧转化为骄傲
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/0920203X211048290
Jeroen de Kloet, Jian Lin, Jueling Hu
In this article, we analyse the most popular stories that circulated on WeChat public accounts concerning personalized experiences of COVID-19 in China during the first three months of 2020. Among these non-fictional online writings, we probe into ‘individual’ and mediated experiences with the coronavirus in China by questioning the visualizations and discourses of these stories and their producers, as well as the concomitant emotions they invoked. Parallel to the changing situation of the pandemic, we observe a diachronic evolution of emotions, from fear and doubt to (nationalist) pride. While articulating personalized experiences of the pandemic from disparate perspectives, the stories invariably built on, and were shaped by, the workings of the WeChat public account platform (公众平台) as evidenced by its content moderation logic and political economy. The analysis shows that emotions, rather than facts, propel the popularity of these stories. The measures taken by the state are mostly applauded, and only sometimes questioned; tragic memories are rewritten, and a political and economic order is consolidated.
在这篇文章中,我们分析了2020年前三个月微信公众号上流传的关于中国新冠肺炎个性化体验的最受欢迎的故事。在这些非虚构的网络作品中,我们通过质疑这些故事及其制作者的形象化和话语,以及他们所引发的伴随情绪,来探究中国与冠状病毒的“个人”和中介经历。与疫情形势的变化平行,我们观察到情绪的历时演变,从恐惧和怀疑到(民族主义)自豪感。尽管从不同的角度阐述了疫情的个性化经历,但这些故事总是建立在微信公众号平台的运作基础上,并由其塑造(公众平台) 其内容节制逻辑和政治经济学证明了这一点。分析表明,推动这些故事流行的是情感,而不是事实。国家采取的措施大多受到赞扬,只是有时受到质疑;悲剧记忆被改写,政治和经济秩序得到巩固。
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引用次数: 5
Book Review: 《尷尬: 香港社會還未進入一國兩制的議題》 (Embarrassment: Hong Kong society has not entered into the discussion on ‘one country, two systems’) by Tai-Lok Lui 呂大樂 书评:《尷尬: 香港社會還未進入一國兩制的議題》 (尴尬:香港社会没有进入“一国两制”讨论)呂大樂
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/0920203X211051055c
R. Yep
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引用次数: 0
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