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On the comparability of prosodic categories: why ‘stress’ is difficult 论韵律范畴的可比性:为什么“重音”很难
IF 2 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2022-0041
N. Himmelmann
Abstract This article argues that the prosodic category stress in West Germanic languages, which implicitly underlies practically all work on stress, is a complex cluster concept consisting of at least six dimensions which in turn involve a number of subdimensions. Because of its complexity, this concept is not useful for cross-linguistic comparison. A promising starting point for further typological inquiry is one of the six dimensions, i.e. acoustic and auditory prominence. However, identifying acoustic and auditory prominence distinctions cross-linguistically is also not straightforward and requires considerable empirical effort. Nevertheless, cross-linguistic comparison is still possible in the case of ‘difficult’ cluster concepts such as stress and does not require the use of arbitrary comparative concepts.
摘要本文认为,西日耳曼语的韵律范畴重音是一个复杂的聚类概念,它至少包含六个维度,并涉及许多子维度,是所有重音研究的基础。由于其复杂性,这一概念在跨语言比较中并不适用。进一步类型学研究的一个有希望的起点是六个维度之一,即声学和听觉突出。然而,跨语言识别声学和听觉突出的区别也不是直截了当的,需要大量的经验努力。然而,跨语言比较仍然是可能的,在“困难”的集群概念,如重音的情况下,不需要使用任意的比较概念。
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引用次数: 0
Standard negation: the curious case of South America 标准否定:南美洲的奇特案例
IF 2 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2021-0017
Olga Krasnoukhova olga krasnǝˈuxǝva, Johan van der Auwera jəʊhan van dər aʊəra, Sietze Norder si:tzə nordər
Abstract This study compares standard negation in the indigenous languages of South America to the rest of the world. We show that South American languages not only prefer postverbal negation to preverbal negation and negative morphology to syntax, but postverbal morphological negation to any other negation strategy. The predominance of this strategy makes South America distinct from other macro-areas. The study also considers the areal distribution of negation on the South American continent. It shows that negation strategies each have their own concentration area. Postverbal morphological negation, which is the dominant strategy, turns out to be concentrated in the northwest of the continent, with the highest density around the boundaries between Colombia, Peru and Brazil. We suggest that the preference for postverbal morphological negation in South America is likely to be the result of language-internal mechanisms of negation renewal, coupled with language contact.
摘要本研究比较了南美洲土著语言和世界其他语言的标准否定。研究表明,南美语言不仅倾向于言语后否定而不是言语前否定,而且倾向于语法上的否定形态否定,而且倾向于其他否定策略。这一战略的优势使南美洲有别于其他宏观地区。该研究还考虑了否定在南美大陆的地域分布。结果表明,每种否定策略都有自己的集中区域。语后形态否定是主要的策略,主要集中在美洲大陆的西北部,在哥伦比亚、秘鲁和巴西的边界附近密度最高。我们认为,南美人对言语后形态否定的偏好可能是语言内部否定更新机制和语言接触的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Grammar highlights 2021 语法要闻
IF 2 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-09-20 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2022-2095
Jorge Emilio Rosés Labrada
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引用次数: 0
Review of Linlin Sun ‘Flexibility in the parts-of-speech system of classical Chinese’ 孙《文言词性灵活性》述评
IF 2 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2022-2094
Guillaume Jacques
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引用次数: 0
Estimative constructions in cross-linguistic perspective 跨语言视角下的估计结构
IF 2 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2021-0054
Guillaume Jacques
Abstract This article deals with estimative (also called ‘tropative’) constructions meaning ‘find/consider X to be Y’, where Y stands for a noun or an adjective. It systematically investigates morphological estimatives and their relationship to causative, applicative and denominal derivations from synchronic and diachronic perspectives. In addition, the article presents a survey of periphrastic estimative strategies in the world’s languages.
摘要本文讨论了估计性(也称为“比喻性”)结构,意思是“发现/认为X是Y”,其中Y代表名词或形容词。它从共时和历时的角度系统地研究了形态估计及其与致使、应用和名词派生的关系。此外,本文还对世界语言中的边缘估计策略进行了综述。
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引用次数: 1
Corpus-based typology: applications, challenges and some solutions. 基于语料库的类型学:应用、挑战和一些解决方案。
IF 2 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-05-25 Epub Date: 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2020-0118
Natalia Levshina

Over the last few years, the number of corpora that can be used for language comparison has dramatically increased. The corpora are so diverse in their structure, size and annotation style, that a novice might not know where to start. The present paper charts this new and changing territory, providing a few landmarks, warning signs and safe paths. Although no corpus at present can replace the traditional type of typological data based on language description in reference grammars, corpora can help with diverse tasks, being particularly well suited for investigating probabilistic and gradient properties of languages and for discovering and interpreting cross-linguistic generalizations based on processing and communicative mechanisms. At the same time, the use of corpora for typological purposes has not only advantages and opportunities, but also numerous challenges. This paper also contains an empirical case study addressing two pertinent problems: the role of text types in language comparison and the problem of the word as a comparative concept.

在过去的几年里,可用于语言比较的语料库数量急剧增加。语料库在结构、大小和注释风格上如此多样化,以至于新手可能不知道从哪里开始。本文描绘了这个新的和不断变化的领域,提供了一些地标,警告标志和安全路径。虽然目前没有语料库可以取代基于参考语法中语言描述的传统类型数据,但语料库可以帮助完成各种任务,特别适合于调查语言的概率和梯度特性,以及发现和解释基于处理和交际机制的跨语言概括。同时,使用语料库进行类型学研究既有优势和机遇,也有诸多挑战。本文还包含了一个实证案例研究,解决了两个相关问题:文本类型在语言比较中的作用和单词作为比较概念的问题。
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引用次数: 12
Frontmatter Frontmatter
IF 2 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2022-frontmatter1
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引用次数: 0
Measuring and assessing indeterminacy and variation in the morphology-syntax distinction 测量和评估形态-句法区分的不确定性和变化
IF 2 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2021-0041
Adam J. R. Tallman, Sandra Auderset
Abstract We provide a discussion of some of the challenges in using statistical methods to investigate the morphology-syntax distinction cross-linguistically. The paper is structured around three problems related to the morphology-syntax distinction: (i) the boundary strength problem; (ii) the composition problem; (iii) the architectural problem. The boundary strength problem refers to the possibility that languages vary in terms of how distinct morphology and syntax are or the degree to which morphology is autonomous. The composition problem refers to the possibility that languages vary in terms of how they distinguish morphology and syntax: what types of properties distinguish the two systems. The architecture problem refers to the possibility that languages vary in terms of whether a global distinction between morphology and syntax is motivated at all and the possibility that languages might partition phenomena in different ways. This paper is concerned with providing an overarching review of the methodological problems involved in addressing these three issues. We illustrate the problems using three statistical methods: correlation matrices, random forests with different choices for the dependent variable, and hierarchical clustering with validation techniques.
摘要本文讨论了使用统计方法跨语言研究词法句法差异的一些挑战。本文围绕三个与形态语法区分相关的问题展开:(i)边界强度问题;(二)构成问题;(iii)建筑问题。边界强度问题指的是语言在词法和句法的不同程度或词法的自治程度上发生变化的可能性。组合问题指的是语言在如何区分词法和语法方面存在差异的可能性:用什么类型的属性区分这两个系统。架构问题指的是语言在词法和语法之间是否存在全局区别方面存在差异的可能性,以及语言可能以不同方式划分现象的可能性。本文关注的是提供解决这三个问题所涉及的方法论问题的总体审查。我们使用三种统计方法来说明这些问题:相关矩阵、对因变量有不同选择的随机森林和使用验证技术的分层聚类。
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引用次数: 2
Jędrzejowski, Łukasz and Przemysław Staniewski: The linguistics of olfaction: Typological and diachronic approaches to synchronic diversity Jędrzejowski, Łukasz和Przemysław斯坦尼斯基:嗅觉语言学:共时多样性的类型学和历时性方法
IF 2 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-03-21 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2021-0064
Thomas Poulton
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引用次数: 3
A desmemic architecture for autotyp: a review article 一种用于自动打字的设计架构:一篇评论文章
IF 2 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2022-2093
Adam J. R. Tallman
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引用次数: 0
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Linguistic Typology
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