Pub Date : 2025-04-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100565
Yuulin An , Sayorn Chin , Ray Miller
We estimate well-being among older rural Americans with an expected utility framework and simulations using longitudinal data spanning nearly 30 years from the Health and Retirement Study. At age sixty, we find mean rural consumption expenditures of $24,105, a retirement probability of 53%, and a remaining life expectancy of 20.3 years for the cohort born 1931–36. When adjusting life expectancy for living in poor health, we obtain an age sixty quality adjusted life expectancy (QALE) of only 15.4 years. Our welfare metric suggests well-being among rural residents who report loneliness is only about half that of the non-lonely rural residents—largely driven by substantial consumption and QALE gaps. We also document substantial regional variation in rural well-being. Moreover, we find that older rural Americans are generally falling further behind older urban Americans across birth cohorts. Most of this widening gap is driven by declining relative consumption and wealth as opposed to health.
{"title":"Growing old in rural America: Measuring late-life health and economic well-being","authors":"Yuulin An , Sayorn Chin , Ray Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We estimate well-being among older rural Americans with an expected utility framework and simulations using longitudinal data spanning nearly 30 years from the Health and Retirement Study. At age sixty, we find mean rural consumption expenditures of $24,105, a retirement probability of 53%, and a remaining life expectancy of 20.3 years for the cohort born 1931–36. When adjusting life expectancy for living in poor health, we obtain an age sixty quality adjusted life expectancy (QALE) of only 15.4 years. Our welfare metric suggests well-being among rural residents who report loneliness is only about half that of the non-lonely rural residents—largely driven by substantial consumption and QALE gaps. We also document substantial regional variation in rural well-being. Moreover, we find that older rural Americans are generally falling further behind older urban Americans across birth cohorts. Most of this widening gap is driven by declining relative consumption and wealth as opposed to health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100565"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100562
Ziwei Rao , Max Groneck , Rob Alessie
This paper explores the relationship between parental transfers in early life and the support provided by children to their elderly parents in terms of both financial and time contributions. The study hypothesizes that the type of transfer received by the child correlates with the nature of support they provide in later life. Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the findings suggest a positive correlation between educational transfers and financial support provided by the child, while transfers towards supporting a child’s marriage are positively linked to increased time support in terms of visits to the elder parents. The results also provide tentative evidence that children’s place of residence may act as a mediating factor, with educational transfers predicting a greater geographical distance, while marital transfers are associated with children staying closer to their parents.
{"title":"Early-life transfers for education and marriage and children’s old-age support: Time or money?","authors":"Ziwei Rao , Max Groneck , Rob Alessie","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the relationship between parental transfers in early life and the support provided by children to their elderly parents in terms of both financial and time contributions. The study hypothesizes that the type of transfer received by the child correlates with the nature of support they provide in later life. Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the findings suggest a positive correlation between educational transfers and financial support provided by the child, while transfers towards supporting a child’s marriage are positively linked to increased time support in terms of visits to the elder parents. The results also provide tentative evidence that children’s place of residence may act as a mediating factor, with educational transfers predicting a greater geographical distance, while marital transfers are associated with children staying closer to their parents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100567
Bram Groenewoud, Eduard Ponds
We study the impact of the continuous increase of longevity on the internal rate of return from PAYG pension schemes. We use an empirical analysis based on the evidence from 17 developed OECD countries to find that the trend to longer life expectancy leads to an additional return on top of the growth rate of the economy. Depending on the settings of the plan, particularly the retirement age, this extra return varies between 0.10% point and more than 1%-point over time and across countries for cohorts born in the period 1935–1990. The retirement age in most countries during the postwar period lagged the increase in longevity, implying redistribution form younger cohorts to older cohorts. A fair allocation of longevity growth would imply a proportional distribution over the working and retirement periods so that the ratio of working period length and pension period length remains stable over time. We show that an implementation of this fair rule as of the year 1960 would have led to an average reduction in the internal rates of return of 0.4%-point for all countries. The fall in return per country depends on the country-specific divergence of the actual retirement age and the fair rule retirement age. Furthermore, the implementation of the fair rule would have led to more stable contribution rates and to more stable ratios between the retired part and the working part of the population.
{"title":"Longevity gains and the internal rate of return of PAYG pension plans – Evidence for 17 OECD countries","authors":"Bram Groenewoud, Eduard Ponds","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the impact of the continuous increase of longevity on the internal rate of return from PAYG pension schemes. We use an empirical analysis based on the evidence from 17 developed OECD countries to find that the trend to longer life expectancy leads to an additional return on top of the growth rate of the economy. Depending on the settings of the plan, particularly the retirement age, this extra return varies between 0.10% point and more than 1%-point over time and across countries for cohorts born in the period 1935–1990. The retirement age in most countries during the postwar period lagged the increase in longevity, implying redistribution form younger cohorts to older cohorts. A fair allocation of longevity growth would imply a proportional distribution over the working and retirement periods so that the ratio of working period length and pension period length remains stable over time. We show that an implementation of this fair rule as of the year 1960 would have led to an average reduction in the internal rates of return of 0.4%-point for all countries. The fall in return per country depends on the country-specific divergence of the actual retirement age and the fair rule retirement age. Furthermore, the implementation of the fair rule would have led to more stable contribution rates and to more stable ratios between the retired part and the working part of the population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100567"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100566
Hoolda Kim
Despite older people’s notable contributions to economic growth in Korea, a significant proportion of them were left financially unprepared for old age and faced a high risk of poverty after retirement. In 2007, the National Pension was reformed to gradually lower the income replacement ratio from 60 % to 40 %. The Korean government implemented the Basic Old-Age Pension (BOAP) to compensate for the loss in pension income in 2008. While the BAOP benefits mitigate income poverty, it may also have spillover effects on social activities and health outcomes that older people are likely to be deprived of. We use the 2006–2020 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging for the analysis. Using a doubly robust difference-in-differences model and event study, we investigate the impact of BOAP on social engagement and the health of older people. The results show that BOAP recipients tend to have more frequent meetings with children and are likely to have a better relationship with children while they are less likely to participate in social groups and have fewer social group meetings. These results are more evident among those recipients who have received pension benefits for longer years. We find a greater positive impact of BOAP on the health of non-employed, non-married, and poor recipients and the social activities of women, employed, and non-poor recipients. The impact of BOAP may vary by gender, employment status, marital status, and poverty status but the overall results emphasize the continual assistance of BOAP in promoting the social engagement and health of older Koreans.
{"title":"Social engagement and health in an aging society: Impact of Basic Old-Age Pension in Korea","authors":"Hoolda Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite older people’s notable contributions to economic growth in Korea, a significant proportion of them were left financially unprepared for old age and faced a high risk of poverty after retirement. In 2007, the National Pension was reformed to gradually lower the income replacement ratio from 60 % to 40 %. The Korean government implemented the Basic Old-Age Pension (BOAP) to compensate for the loss in pension income in 2008. While the BAOP benefits mitigate income poverty, it may also have spillover effects on social activities and health outcomes that older people are likely to be deprived of. We use the 2006–2020 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging for the analysis. Using a doubly robust difference-in-differences model and event study, we investigate the impact of BOAP on social engagement and the health of older people. The results show that BOAP recipients tend to have more frequent meetings with children and are likely to have a better relationship with children while they are less likely to participate in social groups and have fewer social group meetings. These results are more evident among those recipients who have received pension benefits for longer years. We find a greater positive impact of BOAP on the health of non-employed, non-married, and poor recipients and the social activities of women, employed, and non-poor recipients. The impact of BOAP may vary by gender, employment status, marital status, and poverty status but the overall results emphasize the continual assistance of BOAP in promoting the social engagement and health of older Koreans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100563
Jhonatan Clausen , Nicolas Barrantes , Micaela Salcedo
We contribute to the literature on poverty measurement in older age in low- and middle-income countries by designing and implementing a comprehensive and policy-relevant older people-specific multidimensional poverty index based on the Alkire-Foster method, estimated using data from four waves of Peru’s national household survey (2018, 2019, 2022, and 2023). Our measure includes 15 indicators spanning seven dimensions: social connectedness, knowledge, health, employment and social protection, shelter, water and sanitation, and energy. We set a referential threshold that identifies an older individual as multidimensionally poor if they experience deprivations in at least three out of seven dimensions of our measure. Our results show that multidimensional poverty incidence among older people in Peru has decreased by 8.6% between 2018 and 2023 but remains high at 35%. Older women, older people living in rural areas, older indigenous people and older people with disability are multidimensionally poorer than their counterparts, with deprivations contributing the most to multidimensional poverty varying across subgroups and subnational regions. Our findings can guide policymakers in prioritising resource allocation by identifying key deprivations to reduce multidimensional poverty among older adults. We estimate that 23% of the older population experience multidimensional but not monetary poverty, highlighting the complementarity of these approaches. Additionally, we find 12% of older people living in multidimensional and monetary poverty simultaneously, rising to 30% in rural areas. Our study bridges the most up-to-date conceptual and empirical literature on multidimensional poverty with the literature on poverty measurement in older age in low- and middle-income countries.
{"title":"Designing and implementing an older people-specific multidimensional poverty measure: An application to a middle-income country","authors":"Jhonatan Clausen , Nicolas Barrantes , Micaela Salcedo","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We contribute to the literature on poverty measurement in older age in low- and middle-income countries by designing and implementing a comprehensive and policy-relevant older people-specific multidimensional poverty index based on the Alkire-Foster method, estimated using data from four waves of Peru’s national household survey (2018, 2019, 2022, and 2023). Our measure includes 15 indicators spanning seven dimensions: social connectedness, knowledge, health, employment and social protection, shelter, water and sanitation, and energy. We set a referential threshold that identifies an older individual as multidimensionally poor if they experience deprivations in at least three out of seven dimensions of our measure. Our results show that multidimensional poverty incidence among older people in Peru has decreased by 8.6% between 2018 and 2023 but remains high at 35%. Older women, older people living in rural areas, older indigenous people and older people with disability are multidimensionally poorer than their counterparts, with deprivations contributing the most to multidimensional poverty varying across subgroups and subnational regions. Our findings can guide policymakers in prioritising resource allocation by identifying key deprivations to reduce multidimensional poverty among older adults. We estimate that 23% of the older population experience multidimensional but not monetary poverty, highlighting the complementarity of these approaches. Additionally, we find 12% of older people living in multidimensional and monetary poverty simultaneously, rising to 30% in rural areas. Our study bridges the most up-to-date conceptual and empirical literature on multidimensional poverty with the literature on poverty measurement in older age in low- and middle-income countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100561
Philip Sauré , Arthur Seibold , Elizaveta Smorodenkova , Hosny Zoabi
We study the role of occupations for individual and aggregate retirement behavior. First, we document large differences in individual retirement ages across occupations in U.S. data. We then show that retirement behavior among European workers is strongly correlated with U.S. occupational retirement ages, indicating an inherent association between occupations and retirement that is present across institutional settings. Finally, we find that occupational composition is an important predictor of aggregate retirement behavior across 45 countries. Our findings suggest that events affecting occupational structure, such as skill-biased technological change or international trade, can have consequences for aggregate retirement behavior and social security systems.
{"title":"Occupations and retirement across countries","authors":"Philip Sauré , Arthur Seibold , Elizaveta Smorodenkova , Hosny Zoabi","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the role of occupations for individual and aggregate retirement behavior. First, we document large differences in individual retirement ages across occupations in U.S. data. We then show that retirement behavior among European workers is strongly correlated with U.S. occupational retirement ages, indicating an inherent association between occupations and retirement that is present across institutional settings. Finally, we find that occupational composition is an important predictor of aggregate retirement behavior across 45 countries. Our findings suggest that events affecting occupational structure, such as skill-biased technological change or international trade, can have consequences for aggregate retirement behavior and social security systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We develop an identification strategy for the causal effect of working from home on mental health leveraging policy-induced variation during the Covid-19 pandemic. We overcome endogeneity by combining longitudinal microdata with the cross-sectional variation in the feasibility of remote working across occupations and in the legal restrictions to in-presence work across sectors. In our sample of 50+ Europeans, remote working increases feelings of sadness and depression, especially for women, parents with adult children at home, and in regions with strict containment measures and low excess mortality.
{"title":"The causal effect of working from home on mental health of 50+ Europeans","authors":"Marco Bertoni , Danilo Cavapozzi , Giacomo Pasini , Caterina Pavese","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We develop an identification strategy for the causal effect of working from home on mental health leveraging policy-induced variation during the Covid-19 pandemic. We overcome endogeneity by combining longitudinal microdata with the cross-sectional variation in the feasibility of remote working across occupations and in the legal restrictions to in-presence work across sectors. In our sample of 50+ Europeans, remote working increases feelings of sadness and depression, especially for women, parents with adult children at home, and in regions with strict containment measures and low excess mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100552
Anastasia Arabadzhyan , Nikita Jacob , Panagiotis Kasteridis , Anne Mason , Nigel Rice
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected global health and social care, leading to unmet needs, especially among vulnerable groups. Using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), we investigate disruptions in home care for individuals over 50. We evaluate how the pandemic changed home care use at the extensive and intensive margins; the relative risk of reporting unmet need; and access to acute and primary care for different socio-demographic groups. We find decreases in home care use (extensive margin), mostly driven by informal care, which were partially offset by an increase in the amount of care received among those who were using home care during the pandemic (intensive margin). However, the relative risk of reporting unmet need rose, particularly among ethnic minorities, individuals with musculoskeletal and mental health conditions, and those not in work or retirement (due to long-term sickness or disability, home or family responsibilities, or unemployment). Individuals living alone and those aged 50–59 faced higher unmet needs for home care, but maintained primary care access as opposed to their counterparts. Our findings suggest that while aiming to protect the most vulnerable groups, pandemic containment policies negatively affected access to vital health and social care services, thereby increasing unmet care needs and exacerbating existing inequalities.
{"title":"COVID-19 and domiciliary care utilisation: Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing","authors":"Anastasia Arabadzhyan , Nikita Jacob , Panagiotis Kasteridis , Anne Mason , Nigel Rice","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected global health and social care, leading to unmet needs, especially among vulnerable groups. Using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), we investigate disruptions in home care for individuals over 50. We evaluate how the pandemic changed home care use at the extensive and intensive margins; the relative risk of reporting unmet need; and access to acute and primary care for different socio-demographic groups. We find decreases in home care use (extensive margin), mostly driven by informal care, which were partially offset by an increase in the amount of care received among those who were using home care during the pandemic (intensive margin). However, the relative risk of reporting unmet need rose, particularly among ethnic minorities, individuals with musculoskeletal and mental health conditions, and those not in work or retirement (due to long-term sickness or disability, home or family responsibilities, or unemployment). Individuals living alone and those aged 50–59 faced higher unmet needs for home care, but maintained primary care access as opposed to their counterparts. Our findings suggest that while aiming to protect the most vulnerable groups, pandemic containment policies negatively affected access to vital health and social care services, thereby increasing unmet care needs and exacerbating existing inequalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100551
Michał Myck , Monika Oczkowska , Ellam Kulati
While the role of local contextual factors as determinants of well-being has been broadly acknowledged, the literature has focused primarily on identification of individual level determinants. Using a unique dataset linking regional and individual-level information we investigate the association of well-being and local conditions among a sample of Polish individuals aged 50 and over. The results confirm high correlation of well-being with income, and we show that this correlation grows with the quality of local conditions. Similarly, a change in the composite measure of the latter is positively associated with well-being only for high income respondents. The findings highlight a particular set of policy challenges from the point of view of old age poverty and area-based social exclusion. They offer support for targeted financial transfers, and call for improvements in local conditions, in particular in accessibility to public services for low-income older individuals.
{"title":"Income and well-being in old age: The role of local contextual factors","authors":"Michał Myck , Monika Oczkowska , Ellam Kulati","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the role of local contextual factors as determinants of well-being has been broadly acknowledged, the literature has focused primarily on identification of individual level determinants. Using a unique dataset linking regional and individual-level information we investigate the association of well-being and local conditions among a sample of Polish individuals aged 50 and over. The results confirm high correlation of well-being with income, and we show that this correlation grows with the quality of local conditions. Similarly, a change in the composite measure of the latter is positively associated with well-being only for high income respondents. The findings highlight a particular set of policy challenges from the point of view of old age poverty and area-based social exclusion. They offer support for targeted financial transfers, and call for improvements in local conditions, in particular in accessibility to public services for low-income older individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100551"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100550
Beatrice Fabiani de Leva , Joan Costa-Font , Natalia Aranco , Marco Stampini , Pablo Ibarrarán
Demographic and social changes Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have called the traditional system of long-term care service provision into question, prompting many countries to prioritize long-term care reform on their social policy and fiscal agendas. A central policy issue under consideration involves assessing the demand and the costs of various long-term care options while evaluating its financial sustainability. To date, estimating the demand for care in Latin American countries is limited due to the underdeveloped and fragmented systems in place. This paper estimates the potential cost of various long-term care service packages that differ in the extent and type of government funding. Second, we investigate the financing sustainability of different coverage scenarios across seventeen countries in the LAC region. Finally, we assess the feasibility of alternative funding mechanisms and discuss the main benefits and drawbacks considering each country’s unique institutional constraints. Our estimates indicate that, while all seventeen LAC countries have the potential to implement a system funded through general taxation, a social insurance system is only feasible in a handful set of LAC countries.
{"title":"Funding options for long-term care services in Latin America and the Caribbean☆","authors":"Beatrice Fabiani de Leva , Joan Costa-Font , Natalia Aranco , Marco Stampini , Pablo Ibarrarán","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Demographic and social changes Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have called the traditional system of long-term care service provision into question, prompting many countries to prioritize long-term care reform on their social policy and fiscal agendas. A central policy issue under consideration involves assessing the demand and the costs of various long-term care options while evaluating its financial sustainability. To date, estimating the demand for care in Latin American countries is limited due to the underdeveloped and fragmented systems in place. This paper estimates the potential cost of various long-term care service packages that differ in the extent and type of government funding. Second, we investigate the financing sustainability of different coverage scenarios across seventeen countries in the LAC region. Finally, we assess the feasibility of alternative funding mechanisms and discuss the main benefits and drawbacks considering each country’s unique institutional constraints. Our estimates indicate that, while all seventeen LAC countries have the potential to implement a system funded through general taxation, a social insurance system is only feasible in a handful set of LAC countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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