Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100604
Yoshinori Nishimura , Masato Oikawa
This study analyzes the relationship between the labor force participation of caregivers and the provision of informal in-home older adults care. In Japan, the national government regulates the market entry of nursing home suppliers, and accordingly intervenes in the supply side of the older adults care market. Using exogenous variations in this supply side intervention, our analysis finds that the Japanese policy of expanding nursing homes has increased the labor force participation of female workers with low opportunity costs in the labor market, but simultaneously reduced their provision of informal care. As the per capita expense of nursing home care is higher than the wage income of most non-regular female workers who tend to provide the bulk of informal in-home care, it is possible that the Japanese policy of expanding nursing home capacity has already reached its point of maximum effectiveness.
{"title":"Who has benefited from nursing home expansion in Japan?: The effects of government supply-side intervention","authors":"Yoshinori Nishimura , Masato Oikawa","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes the relationship between the labor force participation of caregivers and the provision of informal in-home older adults care. In Japan, the national government regulates the market entry of nursing home suppliers, and accordingly intervenes in the supply side of the older adults care market. Using exogenous variations in this supply side intervention, our analysis finds that the Japanese policy of expanding nursing homes has increased the labor force participation of female workers with low opportunity costs in the labor market, but simultaneously reduced their provision of informal care. As the per capita expense of nursing home care is higher than the wage income of most non-regular female workers who tend to provide the bulk of informal in-home care, it is possible that the Japanese policy of expanding nursing home capacity has already reached its point of maximum effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100603
Hiroyuki Motegi
This study examines social norms held by Japanese women regarding the elderly. Specifically, I conduct a regression analysis of attitudes toward social norms such as “Older parents should live with their children,” “Family members should care their elderly parents,” and “Financial support for the elderly should be provided by families rather than public institutions” in order to understand individual characteristics associated with holding these norms. I find the following: For example, more educated individuals have more progressive attitudes toward coresidence and informal care, but different attitudes toward financial support. Non-regular employees have the most progressive norms regarding the elderly among all employment statuses. Norms about the elderly are highly related to norms about gender and the division of gender roles. In addition, although family circumstances—such as parental education level and the status of one’s siblings—may influence an individual’s attitudes toward norms regarding the elderly, these attitudes are more likely to be shaped by the individual’s later life experiences, particularly their educational attainment and employment status.
{"title":"Understanding social norms for women toward the elderly: Evidence from Japan","authors":"Hiroyuki Motegi","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines social norms held by Japanese women regarding the elderly. Specifically, I conduct a regression analysis of attitudes toward social norms such as “Older parents should live with their children,” “Family members should care their elderly parents,” and “Financial support for the elderly should be provided by families rather than public institutions” in order to understand individual characteristics associated with holding these norms. I find the following: For example, more educated individuals have more progressive attitudes toward coresidence and informal care, but different attitudes toward financial support. Non-regular employees have the most progressive norms regarding the elderly among all employment statuses. Norms about the elderly are highly related to norms about gender and the division of gender roles. In addition, although family circumstances—such as parental education level and the status of one’s siblings—may influence an individual’s attitudes toward norms regarding the elderly, these attitudes are more likely to be shaped by the individual’s later life experiences, particularly their educational attainment and employment status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100602
Fang Chen, Wenge Liu
As demographic aging intensifies globally, the aging of the labor force is exerting significant impacts on technological adoption, industrial restructuring, and pathways toward sustainable development. This study empirically investigates the effect of labor force aging on the adoption of industrial robots by employing industry-level panel data from Japan spanning 1996 to 2018. A fixed-effects regression model is used to control for unobserved industry and year heterogeneity, while human capital variables—including educational attainment and average wage—are incorporated to assess potential moderating effects.
The results indicate that labor force aging significantly facilitates the deployment of industrial robots, particularly in manufacturing and capital-intensive industries, whereas the effect is statistically insignificant in service-oriented and labor-intensive sectors. Furthermore, higher average wages strengthen the positive relationship between labor force aging and robot adoption, while educational attainment shows no significant moderating effect. Robustness tests using alternative aging measures (e.g., working hours by age group) and lagged explanatory variables confirm the stability of the findings.
This study contributes to the literature by revealing the demographic underpinnings of automation trends, emphasizing the role of labor composition in shaping technological transitions. The findings offer policy implications for aging societies aiming to enhance resilience and productivity through automation. Future research should expand the scope by exploring cross-national comparisons and investigating the potential of intelligent automation in non-standard labor markets and service-oriented domains.
{"title":"Aging workforce and industrial Robots: Industry-Level evidence from Japan","authors":"Fang Chen, Wenge Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As demographic aging intensifies globally, the aging of the labor force is exerting significant impacts on technological adoption, industrial restructuring, and pathways toward sustainable development. This study empirically investigates the effect of labor force aging on the adoption of industrial robots by employing industry-level panel data from Japan spanning 1996 to 2018. A fixed-effects regression model is used to control for unobserved industry and year heterogeneity, while human capital variables—including educational attainment and average wage—are incorporated to assess potential moderating effects.</div><div>The results indicate that labor force aging significantly facilitates the deployment of industrial robots, particularly in manufacturing and capital-intensive industries, whereas the effect is statistically insignificant in service-oriented and labor-intensive sectors. Furthermore, higher average wages strengthen the positive relationship between labor force aging and robot adoption, while educational attainment shows no significant moderating effect. Robustness tests using alternative aging measures (e.g., working hours by age group) and lagged explanatory variables confirm the stability of the findings.</div><div>This study contributes to the literature by revealing the demographic underpinnings of automation trends, emphasizing the role of labor composition in shaping technological transitions. The findings offer policy implications for aging societies aiming to enhance resilience and productivity through automation. Future research should expand the scope by exploring cross-national comparisons and investigating the potential of intelligent automation in non-standard labor markets and service-oriented domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100600
Johannes Geyer , Peter Haan , Mia Teschner
The price of institutional long-term care is a key determinant of the demand for both formal and informal long-term care. In this paper, we examine how the regional unemployment rate as a proxy for macroeconomic conditions influences these prices. Our analysis draws on administrative data that provide detailed information on all nursing homes and ambulatory care services, as well as all recipients of long-term care benefits in Germany. For identification, we exploit variation in macroeconomic conditions—measured by district-level unemployment rates over time—using a panel data approach with facility and time fixed effects.
Our empirical findings indicate that higher unemployment rates lead to increased prices for permanent long-term care, including accommodation and meal costs in nursing homes. We provide evidence for the mechanisms underlying these price effects. While we find no significant impact of macroeconomic conditions on employment, working hours, or quality of care in nursing homes, our results suggest that higher unemployment rates raise nursing home prices through changes in the composition of patients. Specifically, economic downturns trigger a shift from recipients with lower levels of impairment to those requiring more labor-intensive care. Additionally, we observe a substitution effect, whereby low-impairment patients increasingly opt for ambulatory and informal home care instead of institutional care.
{"title":"The impact of macroeconomic conditions on long-term care: Evidence on prices","authors":"Johannes Geyer , Peter Haan , Mia Teschner","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The price of institutional long-term care is a key determinant of the demand for both formal and informal long-term care. In this paper, we examine how the regional unemployment rate as a proxy for macroeconomic conditions influences these prices. Our analysis draws on administrative data that provide detailed information on all nursing homes and ambulatory care services, as well as all recipients of long-term care benefits in Germany. For identification, we exploit variation in macroeconomic conditions—measured by district-level unemployment rates over time—using a panel data approach with facility and time fixed effects.</div><div>Our empirical findings indicate that higher unemployment rates lead to increased prices for permanent long-term care, including accommodation and meal costs in nursing homes. We provide evidence for the mechanisms underlying these price effects. While we find no significant impact of macroeconomic conditions on employment, working hours, or quality of care in nursing homes, our results suggest that higher unemployment rates raise nursing home prices through changes in the composition of patients. Specifically, economic downturns trigger a shift from recipients with lower levels of impairment to those requiring more labor-intensive care. Additionally, we observe a substitution effect, whereby low-impairment patients increasingly opt for ambulatory and informal home care instead of institutional care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100599
Sander Boxebeld , Niek Mouter , Job van Exel
Many countries face rapidly ageing populations, resulting in a rising demand for long-term care (LTC) for older people and an increased pressure on LTC systems. In responding to this development, governments face challenging trade-offs between different policy measures and their effects. To inform allocation decisions, this study elicited citizens’ policy preferences for LTC for older people in the Netherlands in 2040. We conducted a constrained portfolio choice experiment, in which 997 respondents composed a portfolio of their preferred policies, subject to a budget constraint, while being presented with the expected effects of their choices. Choices were analysed using a Multiple Discrete Continuous Extreme Value (MDCEV) choice model and a Latent Class Cluster Analysis (LCCA). The results suggest a preference for distributing resources towards multiple policies, including both nursing and social care, over investing heavily in one or two particularly. Also, most respondents chose portfolios constituting a substantial public expenditure increase, suggesting a widespread willingness to accept a tax increase to allow for this. Preferences were particularly heterogeneous with respect to expenditure levels and the adoption of supportive care technologies and compulsory social service for young adults. Policymakers may use these results to support the selection of a portfolio of LTC policies that aligns with public preferences.
{"title":"Trade-offs in long-term care for older people in an ageing society: A constrained portfolio choice experiment","authors":"Sander Boxebeld , Niek Mouter , Job van Exel","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many countries face rapidly ageing populations, resulting in a rising demand for long-term care (LTC) for older people and an increased pressure on LTC systems. In responding to this development, governments face challenging trade-offs between different policy measures and their effects. To inform allocation decisions, this study elicited citizens’ policy preferences for LTC for older people in the Netherlands in 2040. We conducted a constrained portfolio choice experiment, in which 997 respondents composed a portfolio of their preferred policies, subject to a budget constraint, while being presented with the expected effects of their choices. Choices were analysed using a Multiple Discrete Continuous Extreme Value (MDCEV) choice model and a Latent Class Cluster Analysis (LCCA). The results suggest a preference for distributing resources towards multiple policies, including both nursing and social care, over investing heavily in one or two particularly. Also, most respondents chose portfolios constituting a substantial public expenditure increase, suggesting a widespread willingness to accept a tax increase to allow for this. Preferences were particularly heterogeneous with respect to expenditure levels and the adoption of supportive care technologies and compulsory social service for young adults. Policymakers may use these results to support the selection of a portfolio of LTC policies that aligns with public preferences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100589
Jacek Barszczewski , Ricarda Milstein , Jinkook Lee , Ana Llena-Nozal
When a person becomes care-dependent, family members often provide informal care. This paper examines the economic impact of informal caregiving, with a particular focus on women who care for their ageing parents. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), covering 24 countries, we estimate the effect of caregiving on labour supply and quantify its associated costs in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Our findings confirm that women typically respond to worsening parental health by increasing their provision of informal care. Women with parents in poor health have a 5% to 13% higher probability of providing informal care, depending on the region of Europe. Furthermore, our results show that women who take on caregiving responsibilities experience significant reductions in labour supply, especially in Southern, Western, and Central/Eastern European countries, with reductions ranging from 30% to 70%. We also show that the economic cost of these reductions in labour supply is considerable, with a GDP reduction ranging from 0.37% in Western Europe to approximately 0.45% in Southern and Central/Eastern Europe. These results highlight the significant economic consequences of informal caregiving and stress the need for policy measures that support reconciling caregiving with labour market participation. Expanding formal long-term care systems, providing caregiver support, and investing in healthy ageing policies could help address these economic pressures.
{"title":"How do women respond to increased care needs of their parents? The economic costs of informal caregiving","authors":"Jacek Barszczewski , Ricarda Milstein , Jinkook Lee , Ana Llena-Nozal","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When a person becomes care-dependent, family members often provide informal care. This paper examines the economic impact of informal caregiving, with a particular focus on women who care for their ageing parents. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), covering 24 countries, we estimate the effect of caregiving on labour supply and quantify its associated costs in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Our findings confirm that women typically respond to worsening parental health by increasing their provision of informal care. Women with parents in poor health have a 5% to 13% higher probability of providing informal care, depending on the region of Europe. Furthermore, our results show that women who take on caregiving responsibilities experience significant reductions in labour supply, especially in Southern, Western, and Central/Eastern European countries, with reductions ranging from 30% to 70%. We also show that the economic cost of these reductions in labour supply is considerable, with a GDP reduction ranging from 0.37% in Western Europe to approximately 0.45% in Southern and Central/Eastern Europe. These results highlight the significant economic consequences of informal caregiving and stress the need for policy measures that support reconciling caregiving with labour market participation. Expanding formal long-term care systems, providing caregiver support, and investing in healthy ageing policies could help address these economic pressures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100598
Mauro Maria Baldi, Raffaella Coppier, Elisabetta Michetti
The role of grandparents in the education process of grandchildren is becoming increasingly important, especially in economies experiencing positive human capital growth rates over time. To investigate the main forces driving such a phenomenon and the effect on human capital accumulation and growth, in the present work we propose an overlapping generations model where the time spent by grandparents on grandchildren’s education is endogenously determined to maximize the expected utility associated with the trade-off between leisure time and grandchildren’s education. By combining analytical tools and numerical simulations, our model shows that the more time grandparents spend educating their grandchildren - quantity - and the more educated they are - quality -, the more education is transmitted from older to younger generations, who will have higher levels of human capital, which will generate higher economic growth. Such a mechanism repeats over time, generating virtuous paths that work as drivers of human capital and physical capital growth.
{"title":"Driving human capital accumulation. The role of grandparents","authors":"Mauro Maria Baldi, Raffaella Coppier, Elisabetta Michetti","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of grandparents in the education process of grandchildren is becoming increasingly important, especially in economies experiencing positive human capital growth rates over time. To investigate the main forces driving such a phenomenon and the effect on human capital accumulation and growth, in the present work we propose an overlapping generations model where the time spent by grandparents on grandchildren’s education is endogenously determined to maximize the expected utility associated with the trade-off between leisure time and grandchildren’s education. By combining analytical tools and numerical simulations, our model shows that the more time grandparents spend educating their grandchildren - <em>quantity</em> - and the more educated they are - <em>quality</em> -, the more education is transmitted from older to younger generations, who will have higher levels of human capital, which will generate higher economic growth. Such a mechanism repeats over time, generating virtuous paths that work as drivers of human capital and physical capital growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper provides new insights into men and women’s lifetime contributions to the overall economy and societal well-being, taking both market and non-market activities into account. It extends the National Transfer Accounts (NTA) and National Time Transfer Accounts (NTTA) methodologies by including household structure – specifically, partnership and parenthood status – in the analysis. Using Spain as a case study, the results reveal the need to consider family characteristics to fully understand gendered patterns of economic production. Three synthetic indicators are defined that permit new insights concerning the well-documented gender gap. Interestingly, this gap is already present in singles (single women spend more time doing housework), reinforced in childless couples (by the division of labour) and most apparent when children are present. Visible in the indicator of family generosity, the latter dimension also shows the existence of a sizeable ‘parenthood gap’. Addressing both gaps is particularly urgent in the context of accelerated population ageing given the potential implications it holds for fertility, care provision, and intergenerational support.
{"title":"Lifecycle analysis of the gender gap in paid and unpaid work by household structure","authors":"Gemma Abio , Ció Patxot , Elisenda Rentería , Guadalupe Souto , Tanja Istenič","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper provides new insights into men and women’s lifetime contributions to the overall economy and societal well-being, taking both market and non-market activities into account. It extends the National Transfer Accounts (NTA) and National Time Transfer Accounts (NTTA) methodologies by including household structure – specifically, partnership and parenthood status – in the analysis. Using Spain as a case study, the results reveal the need to consider family characteristics to fully understand gendered patterns of economic production. Three synthetic indicators are defined that permit new insights concerning the well-documented gender gap. Interestingly, this gap is already present in singles (single women spend more time doing housework), reinforced in childless couples (by the division of labour) and most apparent when children are present. Visible in the indicator of family generosity, the latter dimension also shows the existence of a sizeable ‘parenthood gap’. Addressing both gaps is particularly urgent in the context of accelerated population ageing given the potential implications it holds for fertility, care provision, and intergenerational support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100595
Joelle H. Fong, Yuhao Ba, Zhe Chen
We investigate how financial literacy impacts older adults’ views on carbon taxation and climate fiscal policies. Using a representative survey in Singapore, we find that financially savvy older adults are generally less supportive of climate fiscal policies in that they are less likely to perceive carbon tax as fair or believe that increasing carbon tax will help increase employment. We provide empirical evidence that these relationships are causal. Interestingly also, the negative causal effect of financial knowledge on older adults’ attitudes towards carbon taxes is predominantly driven by their inflation literacy. Those more knowledgeable about inflation have higher awareness that carbon pricing can lead to higher costs of production and costs of living. Other personal factors that shape older adult’s attitudes on carbon taxation include age, marital status, and income. As future cohorts of elderly become more financially literate, communication campaigns on climate change and carbon taxation directed towards older demographic groups are urgently warranted.
{"title":"Who supports carbon pricing? Older adults’ financial literacy and attitudes toward carbon taxation","authors":"Joelle H. Fong, Yuhao Ba, Zhe Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate how financial literacy impacts older adults’ views on carbon taxation and climate fiscal policies. Using a representative survey in Singapore, we find that financially savvy older adults are generally less supportive of climate fiscal policies in that they are less likely to perceive carbon tax as fair or believe that increasing carbon tax will help increase employment. We provide empirical evidence that these relationships are causal. Interestingly also, the negative causal effect of financial knowledge on older adults’ attitudes towards carbon taxes is predominantly driven by their inflation literacy. Those more knowledgeable about inflation have higher awareness that carbon pricing can lead to higher costs of production and costs of living. Other personal factors that shape older adult’s attitudes on carbon taxation include age, marital status, and income. As future cohorts of elderly become more financially literate, communication campaigns on climate change and carbon taxation directed towards older demographic groups are urgently warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100596
Peter Alders , Bram Wouterse , Frederik T. Schut
For an accurate prediction of the future demand of nursing home care, adequate insight in the trend in length-of-stay (LOS) in nursing homes is required. Almost no research has been done on the trend in LOS and its determinants. We used individual data on nursing home use for the entire Dutch population combined with information on age, gender, cohabitation, care needs, and date of death. Our final sample consisted of 433,377 individual nursing home admissions over the period 2012 through 2022 in the Netherlands. Although the average age at admission was relatively stable, the age distribution got more dispersed over time, because of a simultaneous increase in the share of relatively young older adults in the older population due to the post-war babyboom and the postponement of nursing home admissions to higher ages at the individual level. Furthermore, relatively more men and older adults with higher care needs were admitted to a nursing home. We performed a survival analysis to calculate the expected LOS. We decomposed the trend in LOS into three partial effects: a demographic effect, an effect due to changes in care needs, and a residual time trend. We found that over a period of 11 years, the LOS decreased with 8 %, from 930 days in 2012 to 853 days in 2022. This downward trend is explained by a combination of population ageing (27 %), an influx of older adults with higher care needs (40 %), and other factors captured by the time trend (32 %).
{"title":"Trend in length-of-stay in nursing homes: Evidence from the Netherlands","authors":"Peter Alders , Bram Wouterse , Frederik T. Schut","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For an accurate prediction of the future demand of nursing home care, adequate insight in the trend in length-of-stay (LOS) in nursing homes is required. Almost no research has been done on the trend in LOS and its determinants. We used individual data on nursing home use for the entire Dutch population combined with information on age, gender, cohabitation, care needs, and date of death. Our final sample consisted of 433,377 individual nursing home admissions over the period 2012 through 2022 in the Netherlands. Although the average age at admission was relatively stable, the age distribution got more dispersed over time, because of a simultaneous increase in the share of relatively young older adults in the older population due to the post-war babyboom and the postponement of nursing home admissions to higher ages at the individual level. Furthermore, relatively more men and older adults with higher care needs were admitted to a nursing home. We performed a survival analysis to calculate the expected LOS. We decomposed the trend in LOS into three partial effects: a demographic effect, an effect due to changes in care needs, and a residual time trend. We found that over a period of 11 years, the LOS decreased with 8 %, from 930 days in 2012 to 853 days in 2022. This downward trend is explained by a combination of population ageing (27 %), an influx of older adults with higher care needs (40 %), and other factors captured by the time trend (32 %).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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