Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100549
Petri Böckerman , Alex Bryson , Ilari Ilmakunnas , Pekka Ilmakunnas
Management practices that employers implement can influence the utility that workers derive from their jobs significantly, potentially impacting their retirement decisions. Our study is among the first to investigate the effects of different combinations of high involvement management practices on workers’ retirement intentions. By analysing linked survey and register data, we find that information sharing and employer-provided training together, or both combined with teamwork lead to later expected retirement ages among those who are near the official retirement age in Finland.
{"title":"Does high involvement management make you work longer? Insights from linked survey and register data","authors":"Petri Böckerman , Alex Bryson , Ilari Ilmakunnas , Pekka Ilmakunnas","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Management practices that employers implement can influence the utility that workers derive from their jobs significantly, potentially impacting their retirement decisions. Our study is among the first to investigate the effects of different combinations of high involvement management practices on workers’ retirement intentions. By analysing linked survey and register data, we find that information sharing and employer-provided training together, or both combined with teamwork lead to later expected retirement ages among those who are near the official retirement age in Finland.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100547
Patricia Boyle , Olivia S. Mitchell , Gary R. Mottola , Lei Yu
Financial and health literacy decline at older ages, and such deterioration in later life is associated with adverse outcomes. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether the rate or likelihood of decline diverges over time across subgroups of the elderly. This study used longitudinal data to assess whether older men and women differ in the likelihood and rate at which their financial and health literacy deteriorates. After assessing their financial and health literacy using a 32-item measure at baseline, we surveyed 1,075 community-resident older adults without dementia at baseline, and followed them annually thereafter, for an average of six waves. We document that the average financial and health literacy score at baseline was 69.6% (out of 100%), falling by about one percentage point per year on average. Men score 3.6 percentage points higher than women at baseline, but their likelihood and rates of decline over time do not differ from women’s, controlling for age, income, education, and medical conditions. Similar patterns were observed for financial and health literacy separately. The financial and health literacy gender gap persists as people age, suggesting that efforts to improve financial and health literacy among both women and men prior to old age would help but would not close the gender differential in financial and health literacy.
{"title":"Declining financial and health literacy among older men and women","authors":"Patricia Boyle , Olivia S. Mitchell , Gary R. Mottola , Lei Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Financial and health literacy decline at older ages, and such deterioration in later life is associated with adverse outcomes. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether the rate or likelihood of decline diverges over time across subgroups of the elderly. This study used longitudinal data to assess whether older men and women differ in the likelihood and rate at which their financial and health literacy deteriorates. After assessing their financial and health literacy using a 32-item measure at baseline, we surveyed 1,075 community-resident older adults without dementia at baseline, and followed them annually thereafter, for an average of six waves. We document that the average financial and health literacy score at baseline was 69.6% (out of 100%), falling by about one percentage point per year on average. Men score 3.6 percentage points higher than women at baseline, but their likelihood and rates of decline over time do not differ from women’s, controlling for age, income, education, and medical conditions. Similar patterns were observed for financial and health literacy separately. The financial and health literacy gender gap persists as people age, suggesting that efforts to improve financial and health literacy among both women and men prior to old age would help but would not close the gender differential in financial and health literacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100548
Yuanyuan Ma , Anne Nolan
Does the receipt of (negative) health information affect one’s subsequent health behaviours? Using data from clinical health assessments carried out as part of a nationally representative longitudinal study on ageing, a regression discontinuity design is used to identify the effect of health information (i.e., information about hypertension status) on subsequent health behaviours among the older population in Ireland. The results show that while there is no significant impact of new information about hypertension status on smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and diet two years later, a significant impact on body mass index (BMI) is identified. New information on hypertension status leads to a 0.7 decrease in BMI and a 7 percentage points decrease in the probability of being overweight or obese. The impact is mainly driven by individuals with higher levels of conscientiousness and without free access to primary health care services. Moreover, compared to females, males are more responsive to their own health information and to a lesser extent, to their spouses’ health information. The findings provide important insights for policymakers tasked with designing public health interventions to enhance diagnosis and management of chronic diseases and promote population health.
{"title":"Health information and health behaviours: Does new information on hypertension status matter?","authors":"Yuanyuan Ma , Anne Nolan","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Does the receipt of (negative) health information affect one’s subsequent health behaviours? Using data from clinical health assessments carried out as part of a nationally representative longitudinal study on ageing, a regression discontinuity design is used to identify the effect of health information (i.e., information about hypertension status) on subsequent health behaviours among the older population in Ireland. The results show that while there is no significant impact of new information about hypertension status on smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and diet two years later, a significant impact on body mass index (BMI) is identified. New information on hypertension status leads to a 0.7 decrease in BMI and a 7 percentage points decrease in the probability of being overweight or obese. The impact is mainly driven by individuals with higher levels of conscientiousness and without free access to primary health care services. Moreover, compared to females, males are more responsive to their own health information and to a lesser extent, to their spouses’ health information. The findings provide important insights for policymakers tasked with designing public health interventions to enhance diagnosis and management of chronic diseases and promote population health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100546
Charles H. Correa , Carlos Enrique Carrasco-Gutierrez , Cássio M. Turra
This research explores the intergenerational distribution of income and consumption in the context of the global demographic transition, focusing on Brazil. While traditional national accounts measure production and consumption, the impact of population growth and aging on the overall economy is not immediately apparent. Using National Transfer Accounts based on the United Nations (2013) methodology, we examine the disparity between consumption and labor income across generations in 2003 and 2018, focusing on the growth decomposition of the national transfer accounts. In general, the labor income of the working-age population supports the consumption of those with lower or no labor income, such as children and older individuals. However, our findings reveal that total labor income falls short of covering all consumption, leading to a growing lifecycle deficit over time. Despite the positive impact of the demographic bonus on public revenues, tax collections have proven inadequate to cover public transfers, particularly in recent years. The study suggests that investing in education may be a promising public policy for a future scenario without a demographic bonus and in an aging society. Such investment can enhance labor market productivity, increase labor income, and mitigate the impact of a lower proportion of the working-age population.
{"title":"Demographic changes and intergenerational reallocations in Brazil, 2003–2018","authors":"Charles H. Correa , Carlos Enrique Carrasco-Gutierrez , Cássio M. Turra","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research explores the intergenerational distribution of income and consumption in the context of the global demographic transition, focusing on Brazil. While traditional national accounts measure production and consumption, the impact of population growth and aging on the overall economy is not immediately apparent. Using National Transfer Accounts based on the United Nations (2013) methodology, we examine the disparity between consumption and labor income across generations in 2003 and 2018, focusing on the growth decomposition of the national transfer accounts. In general, the labor income of the working-age population supports the consumption of those with lower or no labor income, such as children and older individuals. However, our findings reveal that total labor income falls short of covering all consumption, leading to a growing lifecycle deficit over time. Despite the positive impact of the demographic bonus on public revenues, tax collections have proven inadequate to cover public transfers, particularly in recent years. The study suggests that investing in education may be a promising public policy for a future scenario without a demographic bonus and in an aging society. Such investment can enhance labor market productivity, increase labor income, and mitigate the impact of a lower proportion of the working-age population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100546"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2024.100545
Jing Cui
COVID-19 significantly changed the labour participation rates of older Canadians, leading to substantial flows among employment, unemployment, marginal attachment, and non-attachment. Using the Canadian Labour Force Survey, this paper examines the impact of these flows on the participation rates of older individuals and explores whether COVID-19 prompted early retirements. Unlike the Great Recession, the pandemic caused significant direct separations from employment to non-participation. Additionally, older women experienced slower participation rate recovery than men due to higher outflows and lower inflows. Notably, many individuals who initially became non-attached to the labour force in early 2020 transitioned back to employment in the following months of the same year. Generally, the pandemic did not increase older individuals’ self-reported retirement transitions and reduced their probability of staying non-attached to the labour market.
{"title":"Older individuals’ labour force participation during COVID-19","authors":"Jing Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2024.100545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2024.100545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>COVID-19 significantly changed the labour participation rates of older Canadians, leading to substantial flows among employment, unemployment, marginal attachment, and non-attachment. Using the Canadian Labour Force Survey, this paper examines the impact of these flows on the participation rates of older individuals and explores whether COVID-19 prompted early retirements. Unlike the Great Recession, the pandemic caused significant direct separations from employment to non-participation. Additionally, older women experienced slower participation rate recovery than men due to higher outflows and lower inflows. Notably, many individuals who initially became non-attached to the labour force in early 2020 transitioned back to employment in the following months of the same year. Generally, the pandemic did not increase older individuals’ self-reported retirement transitions and reduced their probability of staying non-attached to the labour market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2024.100544
Feng Wang , Ke Shen , Yong Cai
China’s age of abundance, driven by rapid increases in labor income and a favorable population age profile, generated a sizable surplus of historical proportions. Using the National Transfer Accounts (NTA) approach, this study updates results published in this journal a decade ago. It traces changes in labor income and consumption patterns in China in the 2010s, and compares them with those in the decade prior. Our results report significant shifts in income and consumption patterns over the two decades. With economic growth and income increase slowing down, and consumption growth increasing faster than income growth in the second decade of the twenty-first century, the sizable national total of the lifecycle surplus observed in the decade earlier shrank sharply in the 2010s. A decomposition analysis reveals that while the vast majority of shrinking in the national total of the lifecycle surplus is attributable to shifts in income and consumption profiles, demographic changes also played a substantial role. As China exits its age of abundance and as its population ages at an accelerating pace, the national total of lifecycle surplus that came with this age is also quickly diminishing. Our projection exercises show that, combined, the new economic lifecycle patterns and population aging could deplete China’s lifecycle surplus with a decade’s time, a change that poses unforeseen challenges to policymakers and the public alike in China.
{"title":"When the abundance ends: Economic transformation, population aging, and shrinking lifecycle surplus in China","authors":"Feng Wang , Ke Shen , Yong Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2024.100544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2024.100544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China’s age of abundance, driven by rapid increases in labor income and a favorable population age profile, generated a sizable surplus of historical proportions. Using the National Transfer Accounts (NTA) approach, this study updates results published in this journal a decade ago. It traces changes in labor income and consumption patterns in China in the 2010s, and compares them with those in the decade prior. Our results report significant shifts in income and consumption patterns over the two decades. With economic growth and income increase slowing down, and consumption growth increasing faster than income growth in the second decade of the twenty-first century, the sizable national total of the lifecycle surplus observed in the decade earlier shrank sharply in the 2010s. A decomposition analysis reveals that while the vast majority of shrinking in the national total of the lifecycle surplus is attributable to shifts in income and consumption profiles, demographic changes also played a substantial role. As China exits its age of abundance and as its population ages at an accelerating pace, the national total of lifecycle surplus that came with this age is also quickly diminishing. Our projection exercises show that, combined, the new economic lifecycle patterns and population aging could deplete China’s lifecycle surplus with a decade’s time, a change that poses unforeseen challenges to policymakers and the public alike in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2024.100534
Jacob Lundberg
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the generational wealth transfer within Sweden’s public pay-as-you-go pension system introduced in 1960. Using extensive administrative registers, the paper quantifies the contributions made and benefits received by each birth cohort. The findings reveal a substantial fiscal imbalance favouring the initial generation (born in the early 20th century), who received a net gain of $1.5 trillion in today’s present value, equivalent to up to 13% of their discounted lifetime income. This windfall for the initial generation resulted in an implicit tax on current workers, accounting for 70% of their pension contributions. However, the study also highlights the effectiveness of Sweden’s 1999 notional defined-contribution pension reform in stabilizing this imbalance. Unlike many international counterparts, Sweden’s reformed system successfully mitigates further generational inequities in the pension system.
{"title":"Intergenerational redistribution in a pay-as-you-go pension system","authors":"Jacob Lundberg","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2024.100534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2024.100534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the generational wealth transfer within Sweden’s public pay-as-you-go pension system introduced in 1960. Using extensive administrative registers, the paper quantifies the contributions made and benefits received by each birth cohort. The findings reveal a substantial fiscal imbalance favouring the initial generation (born in the early 20th century), who received a net gain of $1.5 trillion in today’s present value, equivalent to up to 13% of their discounted lifetime income. This windfall for the initial generation resulted in an implicit tax on current workers, accounting for 70% of their pension contributions. However, the study also highlights the effectiveness of Sweden’s 1999 notional defined-contribution pension reform in stabilizing this imbalance. Unlike many international counterparts, Sweden’s reformed system successfully mitigates further generational inequities in the pension system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2024.100535
Yuanrong Xu, Bin Tong
This paper estimates the heterogeneous effects of retirement on health and the allocation of time to various activities, utilizing the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) from 2003 to 2019. The early retirement age for Social Security is used as an instrument. The findings reveal distinct outcomes among different demographic groups. Notably, retirement has a positive impact on the health of high-educated women, while yielding non-significant or slight negative effects for other segments of the population. This disparity in health outcomes can be attributed to the role of sedentary activities. High-educated women tend to reduce their engagement in sedentary activities post-retirement, resulting in improved health outcomes, whereas other groups experience a significant increase in such activities. These divergent effects, observed across gender and education levels, provide valuable insights into understanding the mechanism regarding retirement’s impact on health.
{"title":"Understanding the heterogeneous health effect of retirement by tracking daily activities","authors":"Yuanrong Xu, Bin Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2024.100535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2024.100535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper estimates the heterogeneous effects of retirement on health and the allocation of time to various activities, utilizing the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) from 2003 to 2019. The early retirement age for Social Security is used as an instrument. The findings reveal distinct outcomes among different demographic groups. Notably, retirement has a positive impact on the health of high-educated women, while yielding non-significant or slight negative effects for other segments of the population. This disparity in health outcomes can be attributed to the role of sedentary activities. High-educated women tend to reduce their engagement in sedentary activities post-retirement, resulting in improved health outcomes, whereas other groups experience a significant increase in such activities. These divergent effects, observed across gender and education levels, provide valuable insights into understanding the mechanism regarding retirement’s impact on health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2024.100536
Tomoki Kitamura , Yoshimi Adachi
Previous studies in Japan have examined the retirement consumption puzzle (RCP) when mandatory retirement was prevalent. However, the retirement landscape has significantly evolved due to rising public pension ages and enhanced policies promoting employment among senior workers. This study explores household consumption behavior as a result of these recent shifts, particularly focusing on the increasingly common practice of partial retirement. We investigate household consumption during retirement, considering partial retirement enabled by policies allowing continued part-time work or self-employment beyond the mandatory retirement age, and address endogeneity issues between retirement and consumption. Our findings reveal that non-durable and food expenditures increase during partial retirement, driven by liquidity effects from substantial retirement lump-sum payments. These results challenge the traditional understanding of consumption patterns in an aging society, highlighting the impact of changes in work environments.
{"title":"Retirement consumption puzzle in Japan: Insights from pension and senior worker employment policy changes","authors":"Tomoki Kitamura , Yoshimi Adachi","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2024.100536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2024.100536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies in Japan have examined the retirement consumption puzzle (RCP) when mandatory retirement was prevalent. However, the retirement landscape has significantly evolved due to rising public pension ages and enhanced policies promoting employment among senior workers. This study explores household consumption behavior as a result of these recent shifts, particularly focusing on the increasingly common practice of partial retirement. We investigate household consumption during retirement, considering partial retirement enabled by policies allowing continued part-time work or self-employment beyond the mandatory retirement age, and address endogeneity issues between retirement and consumption. Our findings reveal that non-durable and food expenditures increase during partial retirement, driven by liquidity effects from substantial retirement lump-sum payments. These results challenge the traditional understanding of consumption patterns in an aging society, highlighting the impact of changes in work environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100536"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2024.100533
Jinning Wang , Kenneth A. Couch
Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), an index of health frailty is developed for individuals ages fifty-five and older. The evolution of the Frailty Index with age is first contrasted with self-reports of health. Then the temporal moments of the data are examined by considering the covariance structure of shocks that arrive at different ages with frailty in subsequent years. Then a formal model is estimated that incorporates both age-dependent auto-regressive and transitory components. The covariance structure of frailty is found to be convex in age. Larger shocks arrive as the sample ages but they decline rapidly. The evolutions of shocks beyond a specific age are modestly persistent (auto-regressive). The initial age-dependent transitory shocks become a larger portion of the total health risk as age increases.
{"title":"An empirical investigation of health dynamics of elders in China","authors":"Jinning Wang , Kenneth A. Couch","doi":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2024.100533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeoa.2024.100533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), an index of health frailty is developed for individuals ages fifty-five and older. The evolution of the Frailty Index with age is first contrasted with self-reports of health. Then the temporal moments of the data are examined by considering the covariance structure of shocks that arrive at different ages with frailty in subsequent years. Then a formal model is estimated that incorporates both age-dependent auto-regressive and transitory components. The covariance structure of frailty is found to be convex in age. Larger shocks arrive as the sample ages but they decline rapidly. The evolutions of shocks beyond a specific age are modestly persistent (auto-regressive). The initial age-dependent transitory shocks become a larger portion of the total health risk as age increases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Economics of Ageing","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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