Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1177/1475240920976259
H. Alfaraidy
The Saudi Ministry of Education has recently begun to allow all Saudi families to enroll their children in international schools. The international curriculum offered by such schools represents a notably different choice compared with Saudi traditional public and private schools, both of which teach the same state-mandated curriculum. As a result of the change, there has been a surge in demand for international education; the number of schools has increased rapidly, and there has been a steady “student leak” towards them and away from traditional schools. Little is known about why Saudi parents choose to enroll their children in international schools. We explored this question by surveying 431 Saudi parents of children attending such schools to identify the main factors contributing to their choice. Although all factors examined were important to parents, curriculum and overall school quality emerged as the most important; socioeconomic status was not influential in their decisions.
{"title":"Factors Influencing Saudi Parents’ Choice of International Schools in Saudi Arabia","authors":"H. Alfaraidy","doi":"10.1177/1475240920976259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240920976259","url":null,"abstract":"The Saudi Ministry of Education has recently begun to allow all Saudi families to enroll their children in international schools. The international curriculum offered by such schools represents a notably different choice compared with Saudi traditional public and private schools, both of which teach the same state-mandated curriculum. As a result of the change, there has been a surge in demand for international education; the number of schools has increased rapidly, and there has been a steady “student leak” towards them and away from traditional schools. Little is known about why Saudi parents choose to enroll their children in international schools. We explored this question by surveying 431 Saudi parents of children attending such schools to identify the main factors contributing to their choice. Although all factors examined were important to parents, curriculum and overall school quality emerged as the most important; socioeconomic status was not influential in their decisions.","PeriodicalId":45854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in International Education","volume":"19 1","pages":"220 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1475240920976259","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46064525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1177/1475240920978712
D. Williams-Gualandi
Learning about one’s own cultures as well as other cultures is a central aspect of the cognitive dimension of intercultural understanding, focusing the individual on cultural group affiliations, belonging and questions of ‘who one is’. Using a social identity lens, with a particular focus on self-categorisation theory to explore how individuals view themselves in relation to the groups to which they belong, this article presents the implications of applying self-categorisation theory to aspects of the field of intercultural understanding. From within the self-categorisation framework, the article also reports on findings from a qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews which investigated the beliefs of experienced secondary teachers working in international schools regarding the relationship between the development of intercultural understanding and identity. Teachers indicated increased awareness of primarily national group affiliation, limited engagement with the concept of multiple cultural identities, a process of distancing and creating new group affiliations, as well as some psychological discomfort and conflict avoidance.
{"title":"The cultural group in intercultural understanding: implications for teaching from a social identity theory perspective","authors":"D. Williams-Gualandi","doi":"10.1177/1475240920978712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240920978712","url":null,"abstract":"Learning about one’s own cultures as well as other cultures is a central aspect of the cognitive dimension of intercultural understanding, focusing the individual on cultural group affiliations, belonging and questions of ‘who one is’. Using a social identity lens, with a particular focus on self-categorisation theory to explore how individuals view themselves in relation to the groups to which they belong, this article presents the implications of applying self-categorisation theory to aspects of the field of intercultural understanding. From within the self-categorisation framework, the article also reports on findings from a qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews which investigated the beliefs of experienced secondary teachers working in international schools regarding the relationship between the development of intercultural understanding and identity. Teachers indicated increased awareness of primarily national group affiliation, limited engagement with the concept of multiple cultural identities, a process of distancing and creating new group affiliations, as well as some psychological discomfort and conflict avoidance.","PeriodicalId":45854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in International Education","volume":"19 1","pages":"233 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1475240920978712","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44310046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1177/1475240920973853
J. Levy
The fact that the research and focus is from a US perspective does not reduce in value or importance the core message of the book to all multicultural societies – that the world needs more interculturally aware teachers and students, and that there are effective ways of building these competencies. The book would be valuable for educators at both school and college levels, preparing students in any subject discipline or career field for entering the increasingly global community of life and work.
{"title":"Book Review: The Bloomsbury Handbook of Global Education and Learning","authors":"J. Levy","doi":"10.1177/1475240920973853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240920973853","url":null,"abstract":"The fact that the research and focus is from a US perspective does not reduce in value or importance the core message of the book to all multicultural societies – that the world needs more interculturally aware teachers and students, and that there are effective ways of building these competencies. The book would be valuable for educators at both school and college levels, preparing students in any subject discipline or career field for entering the increasingly global community of life and work.","PeriodicalId":45854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in International Education","volume":"19 1","pages":"274 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1475240920973853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43699766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1177/1475240920972833
D. Fisher
{"title":"Book Review: Teacher as Traveler: Enhancing the Intercultural Development of Teachers and Students (second edition)","authors":"D. Fisher","doi":"10.1177/1475240920972833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240920972833","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in International Education","volume":"19 1","pages":"272 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1475240920972833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43168990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-23DOI: 10.1177/1475240920980188
Tristan Bunnell, C. Atkinson
Volume 2 of this journal included an article (Canterford, 2003) which discussed ‘segmented labour markets’ in ‘international schools’. Using an economics lens, that paper investigated the predominance of British and American educators, concluding that a form of discrimination existed which was driven by demand-side factors. In particular, Canterford identified a labour market dominated by British and American actors, asserting that ‘requirements discriminate very effectively against teachers from certain areas of the world.’ Our paper re-visits and advances Canterford’s discussion, and argues that not only does there still seem to be a reliance on native English-speaking Anglo-American actors in what might be described as ‘traditional international schools’, but there is a further need to move beyond economic theory towards the application of a sociological one. By applying Pierre Bourdieu’s Social Field Theory we show how positive discrimination in favour of native English-speakers from certain Western/Global North nations can occur within a discrete level of activity, creating a condition that is evident yet most often misrecognised. A complex set of doxa endures within the arena, beginning at recruitment level and continuing within curriculum-delivery and teacher-retainment levels. We show how the field in general possesses a normative belief-system that promotes division within the labour market, yet at the same time makes it seem natural, legitimate, and ‘legal’. This situation, the nomos, is a powerful, structural condition that helps make positive discrimination in favour of British and American actors seem so fundamentally normal as to remain, for the most part, unremarked. The topic still requires substantially more investigation and validation. However, by theorising it, and thus better confronting it, we can arguably begin to deal with it.
{"title":"Exploring enduring employment discrimination in favour of British and American teachers in ‘traditional international schools’","authors":"Tristan Bunnell, C. Atkinson","doi":"10.1177/1475240920980188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240920980188","url":null,"abstract":"Volume 2 of this journal included an article (Canterford, 2003) which discussed ‘segmented labour markets’ in ‘international schools’. Using an economics lens, that paper investigated the predominance of British and American educators, concluding that a form of discrimination existed which was driven by demand-side factors. In particular, Canterford identified a labour market dominated by British and American actors, asserting that ‘requirements discriminate very effectively against teachers from certain areas of the world.’ Our paper re-visits and advances Canterford’s discussion, and argues that not only does there still seem to be a reliance on native English-speaking Anglo-American actors in what might be described as ‘traditional international schools’, but there is a further need to move beyond economic theory towards the application of a sociological one. By applying Pierre Bourdieu’s Social Field Theory we show how positive discrimination in favour of native English-speakers from certain Western/Global North nations can occur within a discrete level of activity, creating a condition that is evident yet most often misrecognised. A complex set of doxa endures within the arena, beginning at recruitment level and continuing within curriculum-delivery and teacher-retainment levels. We show how the field in general possesses a normative belief-system that promotes division within the labour market, yet at the same time makes it seem natural, legitimate, and ‘legal’. This situation, the nomos, is a powerful, structural condition that helps make positive discrimination in favour of British and American actors seem so fundamentally normal as to remain, for the most part, unremarked. The topic still requires substantially more investigation and validation. However, by theorising it, and thus better confronting it, we can arguably begin to deal with it.","PeriodicalId":45854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in International Education","volume":"19 1","pages":"251 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1475240920980188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42138564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-27DOI: 10.1177/14752409221090440
J. Marquez, L. Lambert, N. Ridge, S. Walker
In most education systems, students with an immigrant background perform worse academically than do native students. However, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) differences emerge in the opposite direction and the national-expatriate gap in academic performance is equivalent to almost three years of schooling. This gap is a concern in the UAE, where national students mainly attend public schools while expatriates mostly attend private schools. In this study, to investigate the performance gap between national and expatriate students we estimate group differences and conduct linear regression analysis using data from the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment. Results show that the gap varies by emirate and country of origin, and is greater among boys, better-off students and those attending private schools. Between 33% and 47% of this gap is explained by school type, whether public or private. We offer recommendations for the UAE that may also be useful for other high expatriate recruiting nations in development; however, in a country characterized by 85% expatriates and a maturing education policy, challenges remain.
{"title":"The PISA performance gap between national and expatriate students in the United Arab Emirates","authors":"J. Marquez, L. Lambert, N. Ridge, S. Walker","doi":"10.1177/14752409221090440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14752409221090440","url":null,"abstract":"In most education systems, students with an immigrant background perform worse academically than do native students. However, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) differences emerge in the opposite direction and the national-expatriate gap in academic performance is equivalent to almost three years of schooling. This gap is a concern in the UAE, where national students mainly attend public schools while expatriates mostly attend private schools. In this study, to investigate the performance gap between national and expatriate students we estimate group differences and conduct linear regression analysis using data from the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment. Results show that the gap varies by emirate and country of origin, and is greater among boys, better-off students and those attending private schools. Between 33% and 47% of this gap is explained by school type, whether public or private. We offer recommendations for the UAE that may also be useful for other high expatriate recruiting nations in development; however, in a country characterized by 85% expatriates and a maturing education policy, challenges remain.","PeriodicalId":45854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in International Education","volume":"21 1","pages":"22 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46324398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1177/1475240920945124
R. Pearce
(Research Informed Teaching), LTN (Learning Through Networks), LTC (Learning Through Cases), LTI (Learning Through Immersion) and MICS (Motivation for Internationalization Curriculum Scale) distract from the book’s main purpose. And a worthwhile purpose it is: to explore and examine effective education. Today, the COVID-19 crisis presents us with alternative (technological) ways of teaching internationally. Together with Jean Francois’ useful glocal education concept introduction, they might well lead to more inclusive approaches to global learning, beyond an outdated global mobility paradigm for a minority of students.
{"title":"Book Review: Pathways to Belonging: Contemporary Research in School Belonging","authors":"R. Pearce","doi":"10.1177/1475240920945124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240920945124","url":null,"abstract":"(Research Informed Teaching), LTN (Learning Through Networks), LTC (Learning Through Cases), LTI (Learning Through Immersion) and MICS (Motivation for Internationalization Curriculum Scale) distract from the book’s main purpose. And a worthwhile purpose it is: to explore and examine effective education. Today, the COVID-19 crisis presents us with alternative (technological) ways of teaching internationally. Together with Jean Francois’ useful glocal education concept introduction, they might well lead to more inclusive approaches to global learning, beyond an outdated global mobility paradigm for a minority of students.","PeriodicalId":45854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in International Education","volume":"19 1","pages":"176 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1475240920945124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43057272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1177/1475240920954046
Tiago Bittencourt
The purpose of this paper is to examine how students inhabiting distinctive social spaces and experiencing considerably different material realities define, value and problematize the concept of international mindedness. Drawing on a larger multi-sited ethnographic study of two International Baccalaureate schools in Ecuador, the study found that while students from distinct social backgrounds provided similar definitions of what international mindedness entails, they differed notably in what they considered to be the value and potential pitfalls of embodying the concept as a personal disposition. These differences emerged primarily as a result of how students related to their immediate surroundings and the assumptions they made about their future lives. Focusing on students’ constructions of ‘place’ and their imagined futures provides an important insight into how students engage with international mindedness specifically, and the International Baccalaureate more broadly. Furthermore, it attests to why matters related to ‘social class’ deserve a greater degree of scholarly attention.
{"title":"Social class and the construction of international mindedness: A comparative study of International Baccalaureate schools in Ecuador","authors":"Tiago Bittencourt","doi":"10.1177/1475240920954046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240920954046","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to examine how students inhabiting distinctive social spaces and experiencing considerably different material realities define, value and problematize the concept of international mindedness. Drawing on a larger multi-sited ethnographic study of two International Baccalaureate schools in Ecuador, the study found that while students from distinct social backgrounds provided similar definitions of what international mindedness entails, they differed notably in what they considered to be the value and potential pitfalls of embodying the concept as a personal disposition. These differences emerged primarily as a result of how students related to their immediate surroundings and the assumptions they made about their future lives. Focusing on students’ constructions of ‘place’ and their imagined futures provides an important insight into how students engage with international mindedness specifically, and the International Baccalaureate more broadly. Furthermore, it attests to why matters related to ‘social class’ deserve a greater degree of scholarly attention.","PeriodicalId":45854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in International Education","volume":"19 1","pages":"91 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1475240920954046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44967648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1177/1475240920946136
Boris Prickarts
consideration of how racial and ethnic identity, culture, class, sexuality and gender intersect with power and privilege. Though no single road map exists, with practice we can navigate through the discomfort of losing our bearings towards a stance of open listening and being present. The idea of breathing into the moment as a powerful tool for transformation may appear overly simplistic, but Taranath argues that paying attention to ‘details, patterns, and behaviours associated with identity and social advantage’ can lead to more effective action against unjust structures. One of the main strengths of Beyond Guilt Trips is its rare engagement with the fact that building critical thinking through experiential education opens students’ eyes to the heavy weight of new knowledge about the status quo. The author’s frank discussion of the need to counter waves of despair or paralysis is not often considered in literature on developing global citizens or intercultural competencies. Asking each of us to recognise that a world of joy co-exists with a world of suffering is not a Pollyanna platitude but a path to hopeful growth. By illustrating the inclusive framework for thought that the seemingly simple word ‘and’ allows, the author encourages us to embrace complexity: an open conversation navigates between honesty and discomfort; we need to be critical and compassionate when thinking about our ‘do-good’ activities; our global experiences and our local lives can be improved by mindful travel; our unexamined thought processes can be comforting and narrow-minded. Taranath’s writing is keenly informed by years of work in the field of racial equity as an educator, facilitator and speaker. Approachable and honest, her book is a much-needed resource for students and educators looking for a way to listen and learn about questions that need answering, in 2020 in particular. How do histories, policies and attitudes shape each of our lives? How is the inherited web of historical inequalities perpetuated through contemporary systemic inequalities? And how can I better engage with difference while supporting the students I work with to do the same?
{"title":"Book Review: Building Global Education with a Local Perspective. An Introduction to Glocal Higher Education","authors":"Boris Prickarts","doi":"10.1177/1475240920946136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240920946136","url":null,"abstract":"consideration of how racial and ethnic identity, culture, class, sexuality and gender intersect with power and privilege. Though no single road map exists, with practice we can navigate through the discomfort of losing our bearings towards a stance of open listening and being present. The idea of breathing into the moment as a powerful tool for transformation may appear overly simplistic, but Taranath argues that paying attention to ‘details, patterns, and behaviours associated with identity and social advantage’ can lead to more effective action against unjust structures. One of the main strengths of Beyond Guilt Trips is its rare engagement with the fact that building critical thinking through experiential education opens students’ eyes to the heavy weight of new knowledge about the status quo. The author’s frank discussion of the need to counter waves of despair or paralysis is not often considered in literature on developing global citizens or intercultural competencies. Asking each of us to recognise that a world of joy co-exists with a world of suffering is not a Pollyanna platitude but a path to hopeful growth. By illustrating the inclusive framework for thought that the seemingly simple word ‘and’ allows, the author encourages us to embrace complexity: an open conversation navigates between honesty and discomfort; we need to be critical and compassionate when thinking about our ‘do-good’ activities; our global experiences and our local lives can be improved by mindful travel; our unexamined thought processes can be comforting and narrow-minded. Taranath’s writing is keenly informed by years of work in the field of racial equity as an educator, facilitator and speaker. Approachable and honest, her book is a much-needed resource for students and educators looking for a way to listen and learn about questions that need answering, in 2020 in particular. How do histories, policies and attitudes shape each of our lives? How is the inherited web of historical inequalities perpetuated through contemporary systemic inequalities? And how can I better engage with difference while supporting the students I work with to do the same?","PeriodicalId":45854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in International Education","volume":"19 1","pages":"174 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1475240920946136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44367251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1177/1475240920954045
Lina Khalil, A. Kelly
This paper presents findings from a recent study on choice-making among teachers, school leaders and parents in a for-profit British international school in Kuwait. Using a Bourdieusian field analysis, the choice-making of the various stakeholders is investigated to reveal their positionality within the school’s social space, to examine the resources they hold and the capitals in which they are willing to invest. We find that choices made by, and within, an international school reveal symbolic violence, and a ‘taken-for-granted understanding’ that this form of schooling (British- rather than American-style international schooling) is superior. Participants in the study included teachers, parents, graduating class students and school leaders. Teachers and parents were a representative mix of local (both Arab and non-Arab) and expatriate. The study makes an important contribution to the body of knowledge relating to international schools, in its theoretical framework and its inclusion of the wider stakeholder population, which together generate a deeper understanding of professional practice in the international school context.
{"title":"The practice of choice-making: applying Bourdieu to the field of international schooling","authors":"Lina Khalil, A. Kelly","doi":"10.1177/1475240920954045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240920954045","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents findings from a recent study on choice-making among teachers, school leaders and parents in a for-profit British international school in Kuwait. Using a Bourdieusian field analysis, the choice-making of the various stakeholders is investigated to reveal their positionality within the school’s social space, to examine the resources they hold and the capitals in which they are willing to invest. We find that choices made by, and within, an international school reveal symbolic violence, and a ‘taken-for-granted understanding’ that this form of schooling (British- rather than American-style international schooling) is superior. Participants in the study included teachers, parents, graduating class students and school leaders. Teachers and parents were a representative mix of local (both Arab and non-Arab) and expatriate. The study makes an important contribution to the body of knowledge relating to international schools, in its theoretical framework and its inclusion of the wider stakeholder population, which together generate a deeper understanding of professional practice in the international school context.","PeriodicalId":45854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in International Education","volume":"19 1","pages":"137 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1475240920954045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46985018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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