Pub Date : 2017-09-28DOI: 10.15286/JPS.126.3.282-312
Brian Diettrich
This article explores musical instruments in colonial Micronesia in their sonic, material and historical contexts. Using archival and oral sources and museum artefacts this study investigates the movements of instruments, including the abandonment of some and the acceptance of other types within Micronesian communities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The study argues for critical attention to the interplay of sound and silence within imperial enterprises in the Pacific, and it addresses the agency of musicians and listeners within a musical and material modernity. Specifically, this study also provides the first in-depth, comparative investigation of indigenous flutes from the Caroline Islands, as well as the first detailed cultural study of nose flutes from Chuuk in the Federated States of Micronesia. Through the investigation of historical flutes and colonial-derived instruments such as the harmonica I query how we understand the movements of things in their material and aesthetic forms, and I argue for the role of musical instruments in the unfolding of Pacific pasts and presents.
{"title":"Instruments in motion: flutes, harmonicas and the interplay of sound and silence in colonial Micronesia","authors":"Brian Diettrich","doi":"10.15286/JPS.126.3.282-312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.126.3.282-312","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores musical instruments in colonial Micronesia in their sonic, material and historical contexts. Using archival and oral sources and museum artefacts this study investigates the movements of instruments, including the abandonment of some and the acceptance of other types within Micronesian communities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The study argues for critical attention to the interplay of sound and silence within imperial enterprises in the Pacific, and it addresses the agency of musicians and listeners within a musical and material modernity. Specifically, this study also provides the first in-depth, comparative investigation of indigenous flutes from the Caroline Islands, as well as the first detailed cultural study of nose flutes from Chuuk in the Federated States of Micronesia. Through the investigation of historical flutes and colonial-derived instruments such as the harmonica I query how we understand the movements of things in their material and aesthetic forms, and I argue for the role of musical instruments in the unfolding of Pacific pasts and presents.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"46 1","pages":"282-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86702487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-28DOI: 10.15286/JPS.126.3.253-282
J. Huntsman
Drawing upon multiple lines of research in and about Tokelau - ethnography as participant-observation and conversation/discussion, documentary research in all available published sources (few) and unpublished materials in offices and archives, Tokelau narratives and texts, conversations with other scholars of Tokelau, and relevant anthropological literature - the late Antony Hooper and I have aimed to create a narrative of Tokelau over time and in places that speaks to both differences and continuities in Tokelau lifeways - their activities and beliefs, ideas and relationships. This essay is a contribution to and illustration of our endeavours, focusing on those particular things that Tokelau people treasure: their emblematic resources and the valued things they make from them, and their supreme valued treasures - pearl-shells ('tifa'), and the lures ('pa') and pendants ('kahoa') fashioned from them.
{"title":"The treasured things of Tokelau","authors":"J. Huntsman","doi":"10.15286/JPS.126.3.253-282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.126.3.253-282","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing upon multiple lines of research in and about Tokelau - ethnography as participant-observation and conversation/discussion, documentary research in all available published sources (few) and unpublished materials in offices and archives, Tokelau narratives and texts, conversations with other scholars of Tokelau, and relevant anthropological literature - the late Antony Hooper and I have aimed to create a narrative of Tokelau over time and in places that speaks to both differences and continuities in Tokelau lifeways - their activities and beliefs, ideas and relationships. This essay is a contribution to and illustration of our endeavours, focusing on those particular things that Tokelau people treasure: their emblematic resources and the valued things they make from them, and their supreme valued treasures - pearl-shells ('tifa'), and the lures ('pa') and pendants ('kahoa') fashioned from them.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"19 1","pages":"253-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79410511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-28DOI: 10.15286/JPS.126.3.363-365
H. MacDonald
{"title":"Minutes of the 126th Annual General Meeting","authors":"H. MacDonald","doi":"10.15286/JPS.126.3.363-365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.126.3.363-365","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"39 4 1","pages":"363-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89150637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-28DOI: 10.15286/JPS.126.3.337-352
D. Goodwin
Latitude and azimuth determination were crucial for Polynesian navigators, supplemented by techniques such as observations of swells, birds and expanded landfalls. Longitude could only be determined by dead reckoning. Both latitude and azimuth made extensive use of stars, which alter gradually over the centuries due to precession, the movement in the Earth's axis of spin. Knowledge about the effects of precession can assist scholars in weighting one voyaging date higher than another, or in providing possible reasons why certain voyages took place in a particular era if navigation methods depended on star configurations that were particularly favourable in that era. The influence of precession on stars used for different methods of latitude determination is not intuitive. In this article a graph of the change in declination per century as a function of right ascension is proposed as a way of understanding the influence of precession on different methods of latitude and azimuth determination, and of deducing when and where significant configurations occur.
{"title":"Precession Issues in Polynesian Archaeoastronomy","authors":"D. Goodwin","doi":"10.15286/JPS.126.3.337-352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.126.3.337-352","url":null,"abstract":"Latitude and azimuth determination were crucial for Polynesian navigators, supplemented by techniques such as observations of swells, birds and expanded landfalls. Longitude could only be determined by dead reckoning. Both latitude and azimuth made extensive use of stars, which alter gradually over the centuries due to precession, the movement in the Earth's axis of spin. Knowledge about the effects of precession can assist scholars in weighting one voyaging date higher than another, or in providing possible reasons why certain voyages took place in a particular era if navigation methods depended on star configurations that were particularly favourable in that era. The influence of precession on stars used for different methods of latitude determination is not intuitive. In this article a graph of the change in declination per century as a function of right ascension is proposed as a way of understanding the influence of precession on different methods of latitude and azimuth determination, and of deducing when and where significant configurations occur.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"144 1","pages":"337-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77869129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.15286/JPS.126.3.313-336
P. Kirch, Jillian A. Swift
500 kV compact AMS unit from the National Electrostatics Corporation (Southon et al. 2004). δ 13 C values were measured to a precision of <0.1‰ relative to standards traceable to Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB), using a Thermo Finnigan Delta Plus stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) with gas bench input. Aliquots of ultra filtered bone and tooth dentin collagen were analysed for δ 13 C and δ 15 N to a precision of <0.1‰ and <0.2‰, respectively, using a Fisons NA1500NC elemental analyser/Finnigan Delta Plus IRMS (J. Southon, pers. comm., 2015). All results have been corrected for isotopic fractionation according to the conventions of Stuiver and Polach (1977), with δ 13 C values measured on prepared graphite using the AMS spectrometer. ABSTRACT The Polynesian Outlier of Tikopia, situated in the Santa Cruz Islands group (Temotu Province) of the Solomon Islands, has one of the best-defined archaeological sequences in the southwestern Pacific. Archaeological excavations in 1977–78 yielded a rich record of material culture and faunal remains, with a chronological framework provided by 20 radiocarbon dates. These dates, however, were processed on unidentified wood charcoal using the older liquid-scintillation method; the large standard errors associated with these dates rendered this chronology rather imprecise. Here we report 13 new, high-precision AMS radiocarbon dates on carbonised coconut endocarp, rat bone and pig teeth from the original excavations. The new AMS dates confirm the original sequence and, when combined with the original radiocarbon dates in a Bayesian calibration model, allow for a refinement of the cultural chronology for Tikopia. This updated model provides a more precise chronology for key events in Tikopian prehistory including first human colonisation, the arrival of Polynesian- speaking populations to the island and the formation of the sandy tombolo transforming Te Roto into a brackish-water lake.
来自国家静电公司的500千伏紧凑型AMS装置(Southon et al. 2004)。采用Thermo Finnigan Delta Plus稳定同位素比值质谱计(IRMS)，与可溯源于Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB)的标准相比，δ 13c值的测量精度<0.1‰。使用Fisons NA1500NC元素分析仪/Finnigan Delta Plus IRMS (J. Southon, pers.)对等量超滤骨和牙本质胶原进行δ 13c和δ 15n分析，精度分别为<0.1‰和<0.2‰。通讯,2015)。根据Stuiver和Polach(1977)的惯例，对所有结果进行了同位素分馏校正，并使用AMS光谱仪测量了制备石墨的δ 13c值。位于所罗门群岛圣克鲁斯群岛(泰莫图省)的提科皮亚波利尼西亚异类，拥有西南太平洋最明确的考古序列之一。1977年至1978年的考古发掘产生了丰富的物质文化和动物遗迹记录，并提供了20个放射性碳年代的年代框架。然而，这些枣子是用老式的液体闪烁法在未经鉴定的木炭上处理的;与这些日期有关的巨大标准误差使这个年表相当不精确。在这里，我们报告了13个新的、高精度的AMS放射性碳测年，这些测年来自原始挖掘的碳化椰子内皮、大鼠骨和猪牙齿。新的AMS日期确认了原始序列，当与贝叶斯校准模型中的原始放射性碳日期相结合时，可以对Tikopia的文化年表进行改进。这个更新的模型为提科皮亚史前的关键事件提供了更精确的年表，包括第一次人类殖民，说波利尼西亚语的人口到达该岛，以及将罗托变成咸水湖的沙质tombolo的形成。
{"title":"New AMS radiocarbon dates and a re-evaluation of the cultural sequence of Tikopia Island, Southeast Solomon Islands","authors":"P. Kirch, Jillian A. Swift","doi":"10.15286/JPS.126.3.313-336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.126.3.313-336","url":null,"abstract":"500 kV compact AMS unit from the National Electrostatics Corporation (Southon et al. 2004). δ 13 C values were measured to a precision of <0.1‰ relative to standards traceable to Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB), using a Thermo Finnigan Delta Plus stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) with gas bench input. Aliquots of ultra filtered bone and tooth dentin collagen were analysed for δ 13 C and δ 15 N to a precision of <0.1‰ and <0.2‰, respectively, using a Fisons NA1500NC elemental analyser/Finnigan Delta Plus IRMS (J. Southon, pers. comm., 2015). All results have been corrected for isotopic fractionation according to the conventions of Stuiver and Polach (1977), with δ 13 C values measured on prepared graphite using the AMS spectrometer. ABSTRACT The Polynesian Outlier of Tikopia, situated in the Santa Cruz Islands group (Temotu Province) of the Solomon Islands, has one of the best-defined archaeological sequences in the southwestern Pacific. Archaeological excavations in 1977–78 yielded a rich record of material culture and faunal remains, with a chronological framework provided by 20 radiocarbon dates. These dates, however, were processed on unidentified wood charcoal using the older liquid-scintillation method; the large standard errors associated with these dates rendered this chronology rather imprecise. Here we report 13 new, high-precision AMS radiocarbon dates on carbonised coconut endocarp, rat bone and pig teeth from the original excavations. The new AMS dates confirm the original sequence and, when combined with the original radiocarbon dates in a Bayesian calibration model, allow for a refinement of the cultural chronology for Tikopia. This updated model provides a more precise chronology for key events in Tikopian prehistory including first human colonisation, the arrival of Polynesian- speaking populations to the island and the formation of the sandy tombolo transforming Te Roto into a brackish-water lake.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"46 1","pages":"313-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87810572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-28DOI: 10.15286/JPS.126.2.233-240
H. MacDonald
{"title":"Exhibition and Book Reviews","authors":"H. MacDonald","doi":"10.15286/JPS.126.2.233-240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.126.2.233-240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"592 ","pages":"233-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72424548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.15286/JPS.126.2.145-180
S. Webster
The large Urewera National Park of New Zealand, recently returned to control of the Tuhoe (and other Urewera) Māori, was originally established (1896-1907) as the Urewera District Native Reserve under their virtual home-rule. Discovery of extensive marriage alliances between clusters of Tuhoe hapu 'ancestral descent groups' involved in the 1899-1903 investigation raises the relationship between kinship and political economic power in the context of New Zealand colonisation. Guided by Eric Wolf's exploration of the kin-ordered mode of mobilising social labour, a detailed ethnohistorical study of the establishment of the reserve is reviewed here in terms of Tuhoe leaders' exercise of power in relation to one another, as well as the colonial government. In order to consider Wolf's conclusion that especially in the context of colonisation such leaders are likely to break through the bounds of their kinship order, confrontations from 1900-1912 between several well-known Tuhoe leaders, an extensive marriage alliance, and three hapu are reviewed in some detail. It is hoped that an ethnohistory of this example of Tuhoe kinship and power at the turn of last century can complement the current resurgence of Tuhoe (and other Urewera) control over their original reserve.
{"title":"Māori kinship and power: Ngāi Tūhoe 1894–1912","authors":"S. Webster","doi":"10.15286/JPS.126.2.145-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.126.2.145-180","url":null,"abstract":"The large Urewera National Park of New Zealand, recently returned to control of the Tuhoe (and other Urewera) Māori, was originally established (1896-1907) as the Urewera District Native Reserve under their virtual home-rule. Discovery of extensive marriage alliances between clusters of Tuhoe hapu 'ancestral descent groups' involved in the 1899-1903 investigation raises the relationship between kinship and political economic power in the context of New Zealand colonisation. Guided by Eric Wolf's exploration of the kin-ordered mode of mobilising social labour, a detailed ethnohistorical study of the establishment of the reserve is reviewed here in terms of Tuhoe leaders' exercise of power in relation to one another, as well as the colonial government. In order to consider Wolf's conclusion that especially in the context of colonisation such leaders are likely to break through the bounds of their kinship order, confrontations from 1900-1912 between several well-known Tuhoe leaders, an extensive marriage alliance, and three hapu are reviewed in some detail. It is hoped that an ethnohistory of this example of Tuhoe kinship and power at the turn of last century can complement the current resurgence of Tuhoe (and other Urewera) control over their original reserve.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"95 1","pages":"145-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89977602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.15286/JPS.126.2.181-208
Susanne Kuehling
This paper examines the value of kula objects by focusing on the perspectives of islanders from the southern kula region. By linking kula practice to death and life, I argue that the objects’ value is complex: material, sentimental and personal, created by partnerships in time and space. Kula valuables are valuable because they are managed by the most respected elders, occupy the minds of the those considered the most intelligent people of the region, and serve to build relationships, as well as test the honesty and integrity of individuals. They are also valued for their capacity to provide hospitality and solidarity, to repair conflicts and to express love and grief.
{"title":"“We die for kula”—An object-centred view of motivations and strategies in gift exchange","authors":"Susanne Kuehling","doi":"10.15286/JPS.126.2.181-208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.126.2.181-208","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the value of kula objects by focusing on the perspectives of islanders from the southern kula region. By linking kula practice to death and life, I argue that the objects’ value is complex: material, sentimental and personal, created by partnerships in time and space. Kula valuables are valuable because they are managed by the most respected elders, occupy the minds of the those considered the most intelligent people of the region, and serve to build relationships, as well as test the honesty and integrity of individuals. They are also valued for their capacity to provide hospitality and solidarity, to repair conflicts and to express love and grief.","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"181-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82586789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.15286/JPS.126.2.209-232
Joseph H. Genz
{"title":"Without precedent: Shifting protocols in the use of Rongelapese navigational knowledge","authors":"Joseph H. Genz","doi":"10.15286/JPS.126.2.209-232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15286/JPS.126.2.209-232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Polynesian Society","volume":"72 1","pages":"209-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79680250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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