Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2021.1968126
G. Iheme, A. Adile, I. Egechizuorom, O. Kupoluyi, O. Ogbonna, L. Oláh, H. Enuka, H. Idris, N. Asouzu, E. Oyebamiji
Background and Objectives: One of the notable effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with the associated lockdowns is the alteration of spending patterns of consumers owing to the level of food price inflation. This study was designed to evaluate the covid-19 influenced changes in food commodity prices and estimate its impact on consumers' behaviour. Methods: The study design captured eight states across various geographical zones in Nigeria. The methodology consists of primary data collection of food price differentials from traders in 11 urban markets and the corresponding consumers purchasing behaviours. September 2019, May-June, 2020 and March 2021 were designated as the pre-covid-19 lockdown (PrCL), the peak of nationwide lockdown (PNL) and post covid-19 lockdown (PoCL) reference points. Results: Results revealed a significant increase in price of staple foods at the peak of national lockdown (PNL) and post-covid-19 lockdown in Nigeria (Rice -1.8-2.2kg;PrCL =$2.10- 3.67;PNL=$2.62-4.72;PoCL =$2.62-6.56;Wheat -1.1-1.9kg;PrCL =$0.71-1.84;PNL=$0.79-2.62;PoCL =$0.92-3.94;Maize - 1.3-1.9kg;PrCL =$0.39-1.44;PNL=$0.52-1.97;PoCL =$0.60- 2.76;Garri - 1.35-1.5kg;PrCL =$0.92-1.84;PNL=$0.92-2.36;PoCL =$0.92-2.89;Yam -0.9-3kg;PrCL =$1.97-3.94;PNL=$1.97-5.25;PoCL =$1.97-5.25;Beans -1.2-2kg;PrCL =$0.66-2.10;PNL=$1.05- 2.49;PoCL =$1.44-2.49;Groundnut -1.2-1.6kg;PrCL =$0.79-2.36;PNL=$0.92-2.36;PoCL =$1.44-2.36;common leafy vegetables - 0.2-0.4kg;PrCL =$0.13-0.31;PNL=$0.13-0.59;PoCL =$0.24- 0.52;common non-leafy vegetables 0.2-1kg;PrCL =$0.13-0.79;PNL=$0.26-2.10;PoCL =$0.26-2.10;Mackerel and Scumbia fish 0.36-1kg;PrCL =$0.79-3.67;PNL=$1.57-3.67;PoCL =$1.31-3.94;Beef -1kg;PrCL =$2.62-4.20;PNL=$2.62-6.30;PoCL =$2.49-5.25;A crate of egg -2.8-3.2kg;PrCL =$1.57-2.62;PNL=$2.62-3.94;PoCL =$3.15-3.94). About half of the consumers acknowledged the impact of these covid-19 influenced food price inflation on their purchasing behaviour which led to the adoption of several coping measures. Conclusion: Efforts should be made by government, food producers, distributors and all stakeholders to cushion the long-standing ripple effect of covid-19 pandemic lockdown on food prices and purchasing behaviour.
{"title":"International Congress of Dietetics, 1–3 September 2021, Abstract Book","authors":"G. Iheme, A. Adile, I. Egechizuorom, O. Kupoluyi, O. Ogbonna, L. Oláh, H. Enuka, H. Idris, N. Asouzu, E. Oyebamiji","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2021.1968126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2021.1968126","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: One of the notable effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with the associated lockdowns is the alteration of spending patterns of consumers owing to the level of food price inflation. This study was designed to evaluate the covid-19 influenced changes in food commodity prices and estimate its impact on consumers' behaviour. Methods: The study design captured eight states across various geographical zones in Nigeria. The methodology consists of primary data collection of food price differentials from traders in 11 urban markets and the corresponding consumers purchasing behaviours. September 2019, May-June, 2020 and March 2021 were designated as the pre-covid-19 lockdown (PrCL), the peak of nationwide lockdown (PNL) and post covid-19 lockdown (PoCL) reference points. Results: Results revealed a significant increase in price of staple foods at the peak of national lockdown (PNL) and post-covid-19 lockdown in Nigeria (Rice -1.8-2.2kg;PrCL =$2.10- 3.67;PNL=$2.62-4.72;PoCL =$2.62-6.56;Wheat -1.1-1.9kg;PrCL =$0.71-1.84;PNL=$0.79-2.62;PoCL =$0.92-3.94;Maize - 1.3-1.9kg;PrCL =$0.39-1.44;PNL=$0.52-1.97;PoCL =$0.60- 2.76;Garri - 1.35-1.5kg;PrCL =$0.92-1.84;PNL=$0.92-2.36;PoCL =$0.92-2.89;Yam -0.9-3kg;PrCL =$1.97-3.94;PNL=$1.97-5.25;PoCL =$1.97-5.25;Beans -1.2-2kg;PrCL =$0.66-2.10;PNL=$1.05- 2.49;PoCL =$1.44-2.49;Groundnut -1.2-1.6kg;PrCL =$0.79-2.36;PNL=$0.92-2.36;PoCL =$1.44-2.36;common leafy vegetables - 0.2-0.4kg;PrCL =$0.13-0.31;PNL=$0.13-0.59;PoCL =$0.24- 0.52;common non-leafy vegetables 0.2-1kg;PrCL =$0.13-0.79;PNL=$0.26-2.10;PoCL =$0.26-2.10;Mackerel and Scumbia fish 0.36-1kg;PrCL =$0.79-3.67;PNL=$1.57-3.67;PoCL =$1.31-3.94;Beef -1kg;PrCL =$2.62-4.20;PNL=$2.62-6.30;PoCL =$2.49-5.25;A crate of egg -2.8-3.2kg;PrCL =$1.57-2.62;PNL=$2.62-3.94;PoCL =$3.15-3.94). About half of the consumers acknowledged the impact of these covid-19 influenced food price inflation on their purchasing behaviour which led to the adoption of several coping measures. Conclusion: Efforts should be made by government, food producers, distributors and all stakeholders to cushion the long-standing ripple effect of covid-19 pandemic lockdown on food prices and purchasing behaviour.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45624619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2021.1966226
C. Walsh, C. Haasbroek
The gut microbiome refers to the intestinal community of microbes that help to maintain and influence health. This community includes trillions of microbes from more than a thousand bacterial species. As a supraorganism vital to human well-being and survival, the microbiome has developed alongside humans. According to Velasquez-Manoff, “our intestinal community of microbes calibrates our immune and metabolic function, and its corruption or depletion can increase the risk of chronic diseases.”
{"title":"The interaction between the microbiome, diet and health","authors":"C. Walsh, C. Haasbroek","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2021.1966226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2021.1966226","url":null,"abstract":"The gut microbiome refers to the intestinal community of microbes that help to maintain and influence health. This community includes trillions of microbes from more than a thousand bacterial species. As a supraorganism vital to human well-being and survival, the microbiome has developed alongside humans. According to Velasquez-Manoff, “our intestinal community of microbes calibrates our immune and metabolic function, and its corruption or depletion can increase the risk of chronic diseases.”","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45242777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-02DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2021.1943165
M. Wicks, E. Wentzel-Viljoen
The global population continues to grow and unfortunately in a response to this, the food environment has changed dramatically. This change has primarily brought about an increase in the affordability, availability and acceptability of many ultraprocessed foods. Research has shown that the global obesity and non-communicable disease (NCD) pandemic can be linked to the frequent consumption of these highly processed foods, mainly due to their energy, saturated fat, sugar and/or salt content. As a result, the movement towards a diet consisting of mainly whole – and minimally processed foods – is now being motivated. Avoidance of ultra-processed foods is also the main focus of many Latin American countries’ newly released national food based dietary guidelines.
{"title":"The whole-food plant-based diet: what does it entail and what lessons can it offer South African dietitians?","authors":"M. Wicks, E. Wentzel-Viljoen","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2021.1943165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2021.1943165","url":null,"abstract":"The global population continues to grow and unfortunately in a response to this, the food environment has changed dramatically. This change has primarily brought about an increase in the affordability, availability and acceptability of many ultraprocessed foods. Research has shown that the global obesity and non-communicable disease (NCD) pandemic can be linked to the frequent consumption of these highly processed foods, mainly due to their energy, saturated fat, sugar and/or salt content. As a result, the movement towards a diet consisting of mainly whole – and minimally processed foods – is now being motivated. Avoidance of ultra-processed foods is also the main focus of many Latin American countries’ newly released national food based dietary guidelines.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.2021.1943165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43897401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2021.1932179
Hanna Williamson, C. Walsh, M. Nel, L. van den Berg
Objectives: Estimation equations based on different body segments are commonly used to predict height in patients whose height cannot be directly measured. This study aimed to assess the agreement between measured (reference) height and height predicted from published equations derived from measurement of body segments, in a South African public hospital setting. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken. Setting: Medical, surgical, pulmonary, orthopaedic, cardiovascular and general wards at three public hospitals in Bloemfontein. Subjects: Admitted patients, 20–50 years old; able to stand upright without assistance and without medical conditions or treatments affecting height. Outcome measures: Stadiometer height, recumbent height, arm span, demi-span, ulna length, knee height, tibia length, fibula length and foot length were measured with standardised techniques. Height, predicted by 12 published equations, was compared with stadiometer height by 95% confidence intervals (CI) and Bland–Altman analysis. Results: The median stadiometer height of the sample (n = 141; 38.3% female; median age 38.8 years, IQR 33.3–44.4 years) was 165.5 cm (males 169.3 cm; females 158.4 cm). Only a set of equations based on knee height and standardised on a large population of adults < 65 years in the United States estimated height without statistically significant deviance from the stadiometer height. Conclusions: Most standardised equations applied to hospitalised adults in a South African public health setting resulted in height estimations that differed significantly from height. Thus, equations standardised on other populations may not be suitable for the South African population, possibly due to differences in genetic and environmental factors.
{"title":"Agreement between measured height, and height predicted from published equations, in adult South African patients","authors":"Hanna Williamson, C. Walsh, M. Nel, L. van den Berg","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2021.1932179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2021.1932179","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Estimation equations based on different body segments are commonly used to predict height in patients whose height cannot be directly measured. This study aimed to assess the agreement between measured (reference) height and height predicted from published equations derived from measurement of body segments, in a South African public hospital setting. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken. Setting: Medical, surgical, pulmonary, orthopaedic, cardiovascular and general wards at three public hospitals in Bloemfontein. Subjects: Admitted patients, 20–50 years old; able to stand upright without assistance and without medical conditions or treatments affecting height. Outcome measures: Stadiometer height, recumbent height, arm span, demi-span, ulna length, knee height, tibia length, fibula length and foot length were measured with standardised techniques. Height, predicted by 12 published equations, was compared with stadiometer height by 95% confidence intervals (CI) and Bland–Altman analysis. Results: The median stadiometer height of the sample (n = 141; 38.3% female; median age 38.8 years, IQR 33.3–44.4 years) was 165.5 cm (males 169.3 cm; females 158.4 cm). Only a set of equations based on knee height and standardised on a large population of adults < 65 years in the United States estimated height without statistically significant deviance from the stadiometer height. Conclusions: Most standardised equations applied to hospitalised adults in a South African public health setting resulted in height estimations that differed significantly from height. Thus, equations standardised on other populations may not be suitable for the South African population, possibly due to differences in genetic and environmental factors.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.2021.1932179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43936947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2021.1921899
K. Mokwena, Jim Kachabe
Objective: This study profiled mothers whose children were admitted to hospital for malnutrition in a rural hospital in the North West province. Method: A quantitative and cross-sectional design, using a researcher-developed questionnaire, was used to collect data from 94 mother and child pairs who were admitted to hospital for malnutrition. Stata statistical software was used to analyse the data. Results: The ages of the mothers ranged from 17 to 48 years. Most (83%) lived in dwellings that had electricity, and 92% had running water in their households. Some 83% were not married and 97% were unemployed. Mothers between the ages of 21 and 25 years had the highest number of children with malnutrition (37%, n = 34), followed by mothers between the ages of 26 and 30 years (28%, n = 26). Severe acute malnutrition was experienced by children whose mothers were comparatively young (age group 16–20), accounting for 44.4% of malnourished children. The association between category of malnutrition and maternal age was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Although malnutrition of the children cuts across all maternal age groups, severe acute malnutrition tends to occur among children whose mothers are either young or relatively older, which suggests a need for specific community-based interventions among these groups of mothers.
{"title":"Profile of mothers whose children are treated for malnutrition at a rural district hospital in the North West province, South Africa","authors":"K. Mokwena, Jim Kachabe","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2021.1921899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2021.1921899","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study profiled mothers whose children were admitted to hospital for malnutrition in a rural hospital in the North West province. Method: A quantitative and cross-sectional design, using a researcher-developed questionnaire, was used to collect data from 94 mother and child pairs who were admitted to hospital for malnutrition. Stata statistical software was used to analyse the data. Results: The ages of the mothers ranged from 17 to 48 years. Most (83%) lived in dwellings that had electricity, and 92% had running water in their households. Some 83% were not married and 97% were unemployed. Mothers between the ages of 21 and 25 years had the highest number of children with malnutrition (37%, n = 34), followed by mothers between the ages of 26 and 30 years (28%, n = 26). Severe acute malnutrition was experienced by children whose mothers were comparatively young (age group 16–20), accounting for 44.4% of malnourished children. The association between category of malnutrition and maternal age was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Although malnutrition of the children cuts across all maternal age groups, severe acute malnutrition tends to occur among children whose mothers are either young or relatively older, which suggests a need for specific community-based interventions among these groups of mothers.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.2021.1921899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42811349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2020.1831201
SH Röhrs, L. du Plessis
Objective: To assess the appropriateness and understanding of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary (SA-PFBDGs) among mothers/caregivers of children between the ages of 3 and 5 years. Exposure to similar messages, barriers and enablers were also assessed. Design: A qualitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study design was followed. Participants were purposively recruited to participate in 9 focus-group discussions (FGDs) conducted in isiXhosa, English and Afrikaans totalling 55 participants. Setting: Formal and informal urban communities along the West Coast, in the Northern Metropole, City of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. Subjects: Mothers/caregivers older than 18 years who provided informed consent. Results: The majority of the participants mentioned previous exposure to messages similar to the revised, draft SA-PFBDGs mainly from healthcare workers, health facilities and the media. Cultural differences and taste preferences contributed to poor following of healthy eating guidelines, specifically regarding lean meats and chicken, dry beans, split peas, lentils and soya, salt, fat and sugar. With regard to dietary variety and fresh fruit and vegetables, availability and financial barriers existed. Understanding nutritional needs of children, supportive communities and education were strong enabling factors for following of the revised, draft SA-PFBDGs. Conclusion: Overall, the guidelines were familiar and understood. However, the comprehension of some guidelines must be clarified further, specifically those pertaining to sugar, salt and fat. The design of appropriate educational materials for the revised draft SA-PFBDGs, complementing national actions, could help to minimise inconsistent messages on young-child nutrition and create a supportive environment for improved nutritional health.
{"title":"Field-testing of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines among mothers/caregivers of children between the ages of 3 and 5 years in the Northern Metropole, City of Cape Town, Western Cape province, South Africa","authors":"SH Röhrs, L. du Plessis","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2020.1831201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2020.1831201","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the appropriateness and understanding of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary (SA-PFBDGs) among mothers/caregivers of children between the ages of 3 and 5 years. Exposure to similar messages, barriers and enablers were also assessed. Design: A qualitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study design was followed. Participants were purposively recruited to participate in 9 focus-group discussions (FGDs) conducted in isiXhosa, English and Afrikaans totalling 55 participants. Setting: Formal and informal urban communities along the West Coast, in the Northern Metropole, City of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. Subjects: Mothers/caregivers older than 18 years who provided informed consent. Results: The majority of the participants mentioned previous exposure to messages similar to the revised, draft SA-PFBDGs mainly from healthcare workers, health facilities and the media. Cultural differences and taste preferences contributed to poor following of healthy eating guidelines, specifically regarding lean meats and chicken, dry beans, split peas, lentils and soya, salt, fat and sugar. With regard to dietary variety and fresh fruit and vegetables, availability and financial barriers existed. Understanding nutritional needs of children, supportive communities and education were strong enabling factors for following of the revised, draft SA-PFBDGs. Conclusion: Overall, the guidelines were familiar and understood. However, the comprehension of some guidelines must be clarified further, specifically those pertaining to sugar, salt and fat. The design of appropriate educational materials for the revised draft SA-PFBDGs, complementing national actions, could help to minimise inconsistent messages on young-child nutrition and create a supportive environment for improved nutritional health.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.2020.1831201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42244415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2020.1769335
L. du Plessis, L. Daniels, H. Koornhof, ZL Solomon, M. Loftus, LC Babajee, C. Ronquest, B. Kleingeld, CM Greener, KJ Burn
Objectives: To assess the appropriateness and understanding of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (SA-PFBDGs) amongst mothers/caregivers of children aged 0–12 months. Exposure to guidelines with similar messages, barriers and enablers to following of the guidelines were also assessed. Design: Qualitative data were collected from 14 focus-group discussions (FGDs), conducted in isiXhosa (n = 5), English (n = 4) and Afrikaans (n = 5), totalling 73 mother/caregiver participants. Setting: Worcester, Breede Valley sub-district, Western Cape province. Subjects: The study population included mothers/caregivers who were older than 18 years. Results: The majority of participants had previous exposure to variations of messages similar to the revised, draft SA-PFBDGs. Health platforms and practitioners (community health centres, antenatal classes, nurses, doctors) and social networks and platforms (family, magazines, radio) were mentioned as primary sources of information. Barriers to following the messages included: inconsistent messages (mainly communicated by healthcare workers), contrasting beliefs and cultural/family practices, limited physical and financial access to resources, poor social support structures and the psycho-social and physical demands of raising a child. Conclusion: The revised, draft SA-PFBDGs for the age range 0–12 months have been field-tested in English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa. The messages in some of the revised, draft SA-PFBDGs were not understood by the participants, indicating that a degree of rewording should be considered to facilitate understanding of the guidelines by the public. The National Department of Health should consider the findings of this study, and use these standardised messages to optimise infant and young child feeding.
{"title":"Field-testing of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines amongst mothers/caregivers of children aged 0–12 months in the Breede Valley sub-district, Western Cape province, South Africa","authors":"L. du Plessis, L. Daniels, H. Koornhof, ZL Solomon, M. Loftus, LC Babajee, C. Ronquest, B. Kleingeld, CM Greener, KJ Burn","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2020.1769335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2020.1769335","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To assess the appropriateness and understanding of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (SA-PFBDGs) amongst mothers/caregivers of children aged 0–12 months. Exposure to guidelines with similar messages, barriers and enablers to following of the guidelines were also assessed. Design: Qualitative data were collected from 14 focus-group discussions (FGDs), conducted in isiXhosa (n = 5), English (n = 4) and Afrikaans (n = 5), totalling 73 mother/caregiver participants. Setting: Worcester, Breede Valley sub-district, Western Cape province. Subjects: The study population included mothers/caregivers who were older than 18 years. Results: The majority of participants had previous exposure to variations of messages similar to the revised, draft SA-PFBDGs. Health platforms and practitioners (community health centres, antenatal classes, nurses, doctors) and social networks and platforms (family, magazines, radio) were mentioned as primary sources of information. Barriers to following the messages included: inconsistent messages (mainly communicated by healthcare workers), contrasting beliefs and cultural/family practices, limited physical and financial access to resources, poor social support structures and the psycho-social and physical demands of raising a child. Conclusion: The revised, draft SA-PFBDGs for the age range 0–12 months have been field-tested in English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa. The messages in some of the revised, draft SA-PFBDGs were not understood by the participants, indicating that a degree of rewording should be considered to facilitate understanding of the guidelines by the public. The National Department of Health should consider the findings of this study, and use these standardised messages to optimise infant and young child feeding.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.2020.1769335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46233175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2020.1831200
I. Möller, L. du Plessis, L. Daniels
Objectives: To determine the appropriateness and understanding of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (SA-PFBDG) among siSwati speaking mothers/caregivers of children aged 0–36 months. Previous exposure to guidelines with similar messages, barriers and enablers to following the guidelines were also assessed. Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional qualitative research approach was followed. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit a total of 75 participants. Data were collected by means of focus-group discussions from 12 groups. Setting: Kabokweni, Mpumalanga, South Africa. Subjects: The study population included mothers/caregivers older than 18 years who provided informed consent. Results: The participants were generally aware of messages similar to those contained in the revised, draft SA-PFBDG. They reported exposure to these messages at clinics/hospitals, radio/television, and the Road-to-Health booklet. Participants showed good understanding of guidelines on breastfeeding, complementary feeding, inclusion of protein-rich and starchy foods as well as fruit and vegetables in the diets of young children as well as hygiene practices. The guidelines on avoiding tea, coffee and sugar drinks and high-sugar, high-fat salty snacks, being active and providing five small meals were less well understood. Enablers to following the guidelines were its perceived importance and positive impact on children's health. Barriers included misinterpretation of the guidelines and lack of money and resources. Conclusion: The revised, draft SA-PFBDGs are appropriate for the age group 0–36 months. A degree of rewording is suggested to aid understanding. The guidelines can be used as an educational tool to improve the nutritional status of children in South Africa.
{"title":"Field-testing of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines among Siswati-speaking mothers/caregivers of children aged 0–36 months in Kabokweni, Mpumalanga province, South Africa","authors":"I. Möller, L. du Plessis, L. Daniels","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2020.1831200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2020.1831200","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the appropriateness and understanding of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (SA-PFBDG) among siSwati speaking mothers/caregivers of children aged 0–36 months. Previous exposure to guidelines with similar messages, barriers and enablers to following the guidelines were also assessed. Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional qualitative research approach was followed. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit a total of 75 participants. Data were collected by means of focus-group discussions from 12 groups. Setting: Kabokweni, Mpumalanga, South Africa. Subjects: The study population included mothers/caregivers older than 18 years who provided informed consent. Results: The participants were generally aware of messages similar to those contained in the revised, draft SA-PFBDG. They reported exposure to these messages at clinics/hospitals, radio/television, and the Road-to-Health booklet. Participants showed good understanding of guidelines on breastfeeding, complementary feeding, inclusion of protein-rich and starchy foods as well as fruit and vegetables in the diets of young children as well as hygiene practices. The guidelines on avoiding tea, coffee and sugar drinks and high-sugar, high-fat salty snacks, being active and providing five small meals were less well understood. Enablers to following the guidelines were its perceived importance and positive impact on children's health. Barriers included misinterpretation of the guidelines and lack of money and resources. Conclusion: The revised, draft SA-PFBDGs are appropriate for the age group 0–36 months. A degree of rewording is suggested to aid understanding. The guidelines can be used as an educational tool to improve the nutritional status of children in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.2020.1831200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44801294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2020.1769334
L. du Plessis, L. Daniels, H. Koornhof, S. Samuels, I. Möller, S. Röhrs
Background: This paper provides an overview of a series of studies undertaken to assess the appropriateness and understanding of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (SA-PFBDGs) amongst mothers/caregivers of children aged 0–5 years. Previous exposure to guidelines with similar messages, barriers and enablers to following the guidelines were also assessed. Design: Qualitative methods were used to collect data from 38 focus-group discussions (isiXhosa = 11, Afrikaans = 11, English = 10 and siSwati = 6) resulting in 268 participants. Setting: Breede Valley sub-district (Worcester), Stellenbosch Municipality (Stellenbosch, Pniel and Franschhoek) and Northern Metropole (Atlantis, Witsand, Du Noon and Blouberg), City of Cape Town, Western Cape province, as well as Ehlanzeni District (Kabokweni) in Mpumalanga province. Subjects: Mothers/caregivers older than 18 years who provided informed consent to participate. Results: The majority of participants had previous exposure to guidelines with similar messages to the SA-PFBDGs. Information sources included nurses, local clinics, family, friends and media. Possible barriers to following the guidelines included limited physical and financial access to resources; cultural/family practices, poor social support and time constraints. Outdated information, misconceptions, inconsistent messages and contrasting beliefs were evident. The vocabulary of some messages was not well understood. Education on infant and young child feeding and visual portrayal of the guidelines could aid understanding. Conclusion: A degree of rewording should be considered for improved understanding of the revised, draft SA-PFBDGs. Once adopted, the guidelines can be used to educate various stakeholders, including parents, caregivers, healthcare providers and educators, on the correct nutritional advice for children aged 0–5 years ensuring the healthy growth and development of young children in South Africa.
{"title":"Overview of field-testing of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines amongst mothers/caregivers of children aged 0–5 years in the Western Cape and Mpumalanga, South Africa","authors":"L. du Plessis, L. Daniels, H. Koornhof, S. Samuels, I. Möller, S. Röhrs","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2020.1769334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2020.1769334","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This paper provides an overview of a series of studies undertaken to assess the appropriateness and understanding of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (SA-PFBDGs) amongst mothers/caregivers of children aged 0–5 years. Previous exposure to guidelines with similar messages, barriers and enablers to following the guidelines were also assessed. Design: Qualitative methods were used to collect data from 38 focus-group discussions (isiXhosa = 11, Afrikaans = 11, English = 10 and siSwati = 6) resulting in 268 participants. Setting: Breede Valley sub-district (Worcester), Stellenbosch Municipality (Stellenbosch, Pniel and Franschhoek) and Northern Metropole (Atlantis, Witsand, Du Noon and Blouberg), City of Cape Town, Western Cape province, as well as Ehlanzeni District (Kabokweni) in Mpumalanga province. Subjects: Mothers/caregivers older than 18 years who provided informed consent to participate. Results: The majority of participants had previous exposure to guidelines with similar messages to the SA-PFBDGs. Information sources included nurses, local clinics, family, friends and media. Possible barriers to following the guidelines included limited physical and financial access to resources; cultural/family practices, poor social support and time constraints. Outdated information, misconceptions, inconsistent messages and contrasting beliefs were evident. The vocabulary of some messages was not well understood. Education on infant and young child feeding and visual portrayal of the guidelines could aid understanding. Conclusion: A degree of rewording should be considered for improved understanding of the revised, draft SA-PFBDGs. Once adopted, the guidelines can be used to educate various stakeholders, including parents, caregivers, healthcare providers and educators, on the correct nutritional advice for children aged 0–5 years ensuring the healthy growth and development of young children in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.2020.1769334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48780759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2020.1831199
S. Strydom, L. du Plessis, L. Daniels
Objective: To assess the appropriateness and understanding of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (SA-PFBDGs) among mothers/caregivers of children aged 12–36 months. Exposure to guidelines with similar messages, barriers and enablers to following of the guidelines were also assessed. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted. Data were collected from nine focus-group discussions (FGDs) conducted in isiXhosa, English and Afrikaans, resulting in 65 participants, 20 from formal areas and 45 from informal areas. Setting: Stellenbosch Municipality (Stellenbosch, Pniel and Franschhoek) Subjects: The study population included mothers/caregivers older than 18 years, who consented to participate. Results: This study revealed that participants expressed a general understanding of the core messages contained in the revised, draft SA-PFBDGs. Misinterpretation arose regarding certain guidelines as a result of ambiguity. Participants were familiar with and recognised the majority of the concepts conveyed owing to previous exposure, mostly from healthcare facilities and the media. Financial constraints were identified as the biggest barrier to following the guidelines, while perceived enablers included receiving education on the guidelines as well as visual portrayal thereof. Conclusion: Following field-testing, it is clear that the draft, revised SA-PFBDGs for the age group 12–36 months are appropriate. Minor rewording is required to enhance understanding. Effective dissemination of the guidelines through multiple communication platforms is recommended.
{"title":"Field testing of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines among mothers/caregivers of children aged 12–36 months in the Stellenbosch Municipality in the Western Cape province, South Africa","authors":"S. Strydom, L. du Plessis, L. Daniels","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2020.1831199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2020.1831199","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the appropriateness and understanding of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (SA-PFBDGs) among mothers/caregivers of children aged 12–36 months. Exposure to guidelines with similar messages, barriers and enablers to following of the guidelines were also assessed. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted. Data were collected from nine focus-group discussions (FGDs) conducted in isiXhosa, English and Afrikaans, resulting in 65 participants, 20 from formal areas and 45 from informal areas. Setting: Stellenbosch Municipality (Stellenbosch, Pniel and Franschhoek) Subjects: The study population included mothers/caregivers older than 18 years, who consented to participate. Results: This study revealed that participants expressed a general understanding of the core messages contained in the revised, draft SA-PFBDGs. Misinterpretation arose regarding certain guidelines as a result of ambiguity. Participants were familiar with and recognised the majority of the concepts conveyed owing to previous exposure, mostly from healthcare facilities and the media. Financial constraints were identified as the biggest barrier to following the guidelines, while perceived enablers included receiving education on the guidelines as well as visual portrayal thereof. Conclusion: Following field-testing, it is clear that the draft, revised SA-PFBDGs for the age group 12–36 months are appropriate. Minor rewording is required to enhance understanding. Effective dissemination of the guidelines through multiple communication platforms is recommended.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.2020.1831199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43919916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}