Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2021.1946247
Thea Hansen, E. du Toit, C. van Rooyen, R. Lategan-Potgieter
Background: This study was conducted to determine nutritional knowledge, and to identify whether caregivers’ knowledge and attitudes related to their breakfast and lunchbox food-providing practices. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Questionnaires were used to collect the data. The study population included 1286 caregivers of foundation phase learners in Quintile 5 schools from Bloemfontein, South Africa. Results: The median score for knowledge regarding breakfast and lunchboxes of caregivers was 55.6% and 73.1%, respectively. Knowledge on breakfast and lunchbox foods was higher for caregivers older than 35 years (breakfast median 55.6, p = 0.0479 and lunchbox median 76.9, p < 0.0001) and who possessed a tertiary qualification (breakfast median 55.6, p = 0.0009 and lunchbox median 76.9, p < 0.0001). The attitudes of caregivers were generally positive towards providing healthy breakfast and lunchbox foods (breakfast median 71.4% and lunchbox median 82.5%). The primary objective of caregivers’ provision of a lunchbox was health considerations (n = 658, 54.2%) followed by being filling (n = 277, 22.8%). The median score to rate the provision of healthy breakfast foods was 26.7% and 35.6% for lunchbox foods. Healthier breakfasts and lunchboxes were provided by caregivers with a tertiary qualification. Conclusions: A need to educate caregivers on the provision of healthy breakfast and lunchbox foods has been identified.
{"title":"Breakfast and lunchboxes provided to foundation phase learners: do caregivers’ knowledge and attitude reflect their practices?","authors":"Thea Hansen, E. du Toit, C. van Rooyen, R. Lategan-Potgieter","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2021.1946247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2021.1946247","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study was conducted to determine nutritional knowledge, and to identify whether caregivers’ knowledge and attitudes related to their breakfast and lunchbox food-providing practices. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Questionnaires were used to collect the data. The study population included 1286 caregivers of foundation phase learners in Quintile 5 schools from Bloemfontein, South Africa. Results: The median score for knowledge regarding breakfast and lunchboxes of caregivers was 55.6% and 73.1%, respectively. Knowledge on breakfast and lunchbox foods was higher for caregivers older than 35 years (breakfast median 55.6, p = 0.0479 and lunchbox median 76.9, p < 0.0001) and who possessed a tertiary qualification (breakfast median 55.6, p = 0.0009 and lunchbox median 76.9, p < 0.0001). The attitudes of caregivers were generally positive towards providing healthy breakfast and lunchbox foods (breakfast median 71.4% and lunchbox median 82.5%). The primary objective of caregivers’ provision of a lunchbox was health considerations (n = 658, 54.2%) followed by being filling (n = 277, 22.8%). The median score to rate the provision of healthy breakfast foods was 26.7% and 35.6% for lunchbox foods. Healthier breakfasts and lunchboxes were provided by caregivers with a tertiary qualification. Conclusions: A need to educate caregivers on the provision of healthy breakfast and lunchbox foods has been identified.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"35 1","pages":"51 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.2021.1946247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60100670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-06DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2021.1940717
J. Seedat, Nikki Strime
Objective: Dysphagia is a ‘hidden’ disorder that can present with a range of consequences including fatality. It is important for intervention to be timeous and adopt a team approach, with each professional displaying understanding of both dysphagia and each other’s roles. The nurse is at the epicentre of service provision in hospitals and is ideally positioned to collaborate with the speech-language therapist to manage dysphagia. The state of collaboration, however, is not ideal. Reasons perpetuating this need, to be understood to facilitate improved care by nurses for patients with dysphagia. Design: The aim of the study was to describe the caseload of dysphagia patients seen by nurses, their experiences caring for patients with dysphagia, and nurses’ views on inter-professional training. Setting: A qualitative, exploratory study was conducted with nurses working at two government hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa. Subjects: An open-ended semi-structured interview was conducted with nine nurses working with adult patients. Descriptive and inductive thematic analysis was used, comparisons were made between the responses, and data were categorised according to emerging themes. Results: Results confirmed that while experience improved care, gaps in dysphagia knowledge, inexperience and contextual challenges adversely impacted efficiency of dysphagia care. Inter-professional training and recognition of nurse intervention positively impacted on interactions with dysphagia. Conclusion: Nurses have a central role in dysphagia care in acute settings. The study confirmed that multidisciplinary management, inter-professional training and inter-professional relations contribute to overall improved service delivery in dysphagia in acute settings, with nurses at the epicentre.
{"title":"‘Finishing that plate of food …’ The role of the nurse caring for the patient with dysphagia","authors":"J. Seedat, Nikki Strime","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2021.1940717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2021.1940717","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Dysphagia is a ‘hidden’ disorder that can present with a range of consequences including fatality. It is important for intervention to be timeous and adopt a team approach, with each professional displaying understanding of both dysphagia and each other’s roles. The nurse is at the epicentre of service provision in hospitals and is ideally positioned to collaborate with the speech-language therapist to manage dysphagia. The state of collaboration, however, is not ideal. Reasons perpetuating this need, to be understood to facilitate improved care by nurses for patients with dysphagia. Design: The aim of the study was to describe the caseload of dysphagia patients seen by nurses, their experiences caring for patients with dysphagia, and nurses’ views on inter-professional training. Setting: A qualitative, exploratory study was conducted with nurses working at two government hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa. Subjects: An open-ended semi-structured interview was conducted with nine nurses working with adult patients. Descriptive and inductive thematic analysis was used, comparisons were made between the responses, and data were categorised according to emerging themes. Results: Results confirmed that while experience improved care, gaps in dysphagia knowledge, inexperience and contextual challenges adversely impacted efficiency of dysphagia care. Inter-professional training and recognition of nurse intervention positively impacted on interactions with dysphagia. Conclusion: Nurses have a central role in dysphagia care in acute settings. The study confirmed that multidisciplinary management, inter-professional training and inter-professional relations contribute to overall improved service delivery in dysphagia in acute settings, with nurses at the epicentre.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"35 1","pages":"39 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.2021.1940717","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44054495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-06DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2021.1940718
Lesego Ndhlovu, T. De Maayer
Background Nutritional screening facilitates the early identification of hospitalised children at risk of malnutrition. Screening tools have scarcely been evaluated in the developing world where the burden of malnutrition is greatest. Methods A retrospective study was undertaken of 113 patients admitted to the general paediatric wards at Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa. Children 6 months to 14 years old were screened for malnutrition using anthropometry and correlating WHO z-scores, and retrospectively assessed for nutritional risk using a modified STAMP (mSTAMP). Results The mSTAMP identified additional patients at nutritional risk. The majority (87%) of children with normal anthropometry scored as medium and high risk using the mSTAMP. Weight loss and length of hospital stay (LOS) were higher in medium and high risk groups: One (5%) low risk child lost weight, compared with 8 (38%) medium and 12 (57%) high risk children (p = 0.021). Low risk children had a median LOS of two and half days (IQR 1–8) compared with medium and high risk groups, with medians of three (IQR 3–8) and six (IQR 4–9) days respectively (p = 0.04). Conclusion The mSTAMP identified more children at risk of malnutrition who may not have been considered for nutritional therapy during the hospital stay using anthropometry screening alone. There is a place for nutritional risk screening in developing world settings, but tools may need to be modified locally. Further studies and validation of these tools in sub-Saharan Africa seem prudent and may result in improved nutrition and outcomes of hospitalised children.
{"title":"Introducing a nutritional risk screening tool in a South African hospital","authors":"Lesego Ndhlovu, T. De Maayer","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2021.1940718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2021.1940718","url":null,"abstract":"Background Nutritional screening facilitates the early identification of hospitalised children at risk of malnutrition. Screening tools have scarcely been evaluated in the developing world where the burden of malnutrition is greatest. Methods A retrospective study was undertaken of 113 patients admitted to the general paediatric wards at Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa. Children 6 months to 14 years old were screened for malnutrition using anthropometry and correlating WHO z-scores, and retrospectively assessed for nutritional risk using a modified STAMP (mSTAMP). Results The mSTAMP identified additional patients at nutritional risk. The majority (87%) of children with normal anthropometry scored as medium and high risk using the mSTAMP. Weight loss and length of hospital stay (LOS) were higher in medium and high risk groups: One (5%) low risk child lost weight, compared with 8 (38%) medium and 12 (57%) high risk children (p = 0.021). Low risk children had a median LOS of two and half days (IQR 1–8) compared with medium and high risk groups, with medians of three (IQR 3–8) and six (IQR 4–9) days respectively (p = 0.04). Conclusion The mSTAMP identified more children at risk of malnutrition who may not have been considered for nutritional therapy during the hospital stay using anthropometry screening alone. There is a place for nutritional risk screening in developing world settings, but tools may need to be modified locally. Further studies and validation of these tools in sub-Saharan Africa seem prudent and may result in improved nutrition and outcomes of hospitalised children.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"35 1","pages":"44 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.2021.1940718","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44601516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2021.1968126
G. Iheme, A. Adile, I. Egechizuorom, O. Kupoluyi, O. Ogbonna, L. Oláh, H. Enuka, H. Idris, N. Asouzu, E. Oyebamiji
Background and Objectives: One of the notable effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with the associated lockdowns is the alteration of spending patterns of consumers owing to the level of food price inflation. This study was designed to evaluate the covid-19 influenced changes in food commodity prices and estimate its impact on consumers' behaviour. Methods: The study design captured eight states across various geographical zones in Nigeria. The methodology consists of primary data collection of food price differentials from traders in 11 urban markets and the corresponding consumers purchasing behaviours. September 2019, May-June, 2020 and March 2021 were designated as the pre-covid-19 lockdown (PrCL), the peak of nationwide lockdown (PNL) and post covid-19 lockdown (PoCL) reference points. Results: Results revealed a significant increase in price of staple foods at the peak of national lockdown (PNL) and post-covid-19 lockdown in Nigeria (Rice -1.8-2.2kg;PrCL =$2.10- 3.67;PNL=$2.62-4.72;PoCL =$2.62-6.56;Wheat -1.1-1.9kg;PrCL =$0.71-1.84;PNL=$0.79-2.62;PoCL =$0.92-3.94;Maize - 1.3-1.9kg;PrCL =$0.39-1.44;PNL=$0.52-1.97;PoCL =$0.60- 2.76;Garri - 1.35-1.5kg;PrCL =$0.92-1.84;PNL=$0.92-2.36;PoCL =$0.92-2.89;Yam -0.9-3kg;PrCL =$1.97-3.94;PNL=$1.97-5.25;PoCL =$1.97-5.25;Beans -1.2-2kg;PrCL =$0.66-2.10;PNL=$1.05- 2.49;PoCL =$1.44-2.49;Groundnut -1.2-1.6kg;PrCL =$0.79-2.36;PNL=$0.92-2.36;PoCL =$1.44-2.36;common leafy vegetables - 0.2-0.4kg;PrCL =$0.13-0.31;PNL=$0.13-0.59;PoCL =$0.24- 0.52;common non-leafy vegetables 0.2-1kg;PrCL =$0.13-0.79;PNL=$0.26-2.10;PoCL =$0.26-2.10;Mackerel and Scumbia fish 0.36-1kg;PrCL =$0.79-3.67;PNL=$1.57-3.67;PoCL =$1.31-3.94;Beef -1kg;PrCL =$2.62-4.20;PNL=$2.62-6.30;PoCL =$2.49-5.25;A crate of egg -2.8-3.2kg;PrCL =$1.57-2.62;PNL=$2.62-3.94;PoCL =$3.15-3.94). About half of the consumers acknowledged the impact of these covid-19 influenced food price inflation on their purchasing behaviour which led to the adoption of several coping measures. Conclusion: Efforts should be made by government, food producers, distributors and all stakeholders to cushion the long-standing ripple effect of covid-19 pandemic lockdown on food prices and purchasing behaviour.
{"title":"International Congress of Dietetics, 1–3 September 2021, Abstract Book","authors":"G. Iheme, A. Adile, I. Egechizuorom, O. Kupoluyi, O. Ogbonna, L. Oláh, H. Enuka, H. Idris, N. Asouzu, E. Oyebamiji","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2021.1968126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2021.1968126","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: One of the notable effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with the associated lockdowns is the alteration of spending patterns of consumers owing to the level of food price inflation. This study was designed to evaluate the covid-19 influenced changes in food commodity prices and estimate its impact on consumers' behaviour. Methods: The study design captured eight states across various geographical zones in Nigeria. The methodology consists of primary data collection of food price differentials from traders in 11 urban markets and the corresponding consumers purchasing behaviours. September 2019, May-June, 2020 and March 2021 were designated as the pre-covid-19 lockdown (PrCL), the peak of nationwide lockdown (PNL) and post covid-19 lockdown (PoCL) reference points. Results: Results revealed a significant increase in price of staple foods at the peak of national lockdown (PNL) and post-covid-19 lockdown in Nigeria (Rice -1.8-2.2kg;PrCL =$2.10- 3.67;PNL=$2.62-4.72;PoCL =$2.62-6.56;Wheat -1.1-1.9kg;PrCL =$0.71-1.84;PNL=$0.79-2.62;PoCL =$0.92-3.94;Maize - 1.3-1.9kg;PrCL =$0.39-1.44;PNL=$0.52-1.97;PoCL =$0.60- 2.76;Garri - 1.35-1.5kg;PrCL =$0.92-1.84;PNL=$0.92-2.36;PoCL =$0.92-2.89;Yam -0.9-3kg;PrCL =$1.97-3.94;PNL=$1.97-5.25;PoCL =$1.97-5.25;Beans -1.2-2kg;PrCL =$0.66-2.10;PNL=$1.05- 2.49;PoCL =$1.44-2.49;Groundnut -1.2-1.6kg;PrCL =$0.79-2.36;PNL=$0.92-2.36;PoCL =$1.44-2.36;common leafy vegetables - 0.2-0.4kg;PrCL =$0.13-0.31;PNL=$0.13-0.59;PoCL =$0.24- 0.52;common non-leafy vegetables 0.2-1kg;PrCL =$0.13-0.79;PNL=$0.26-2.10;PoCL =$0.26-2.10;Mackerel and Scumbia fish 0.36-1kg;PrCL =$0.79-3.67;PNL=$1.57-3.67;PoCL =$1.31-3.94;Beef -1kg;PrCL =$2.62-4.20;PNL=$2.62-6.30;PoCL =$2.49-5.25;A crate of egg -2.8-3.2kg;PrCL =$1.57-2.62;PNL=$2.62-3.94;PoCL =$3.15-3.94). About half of the consumers acknowledged the impact of these covid-19 influenced food price inflation on their purchasing behaviour which led to the adoption of several coping measures. Conclusion: Efforts should be made by government, food producers, distributors and all stakeholders to cushion the long-standing ripple effect of covid-19 pandemic lockdown on food prices and purchasing behaviour.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"34 1","pages":"A1 - A203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45624619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2021.1966226
C. Walsh, C. Haasbroek
The gut microbiome refers to the intestinal community of microbes that help to maintain and influence health. This community includes trillions of microbes from more than a thousand bacterial species. As a supraorganism vital to human well-being and survival, the microbiome has developed alongside humans. According to Velasquez-Manoff, “our intestinal community of microbes calibrates our immune and metabolic function, and its corruption or depletion can increase the risk of chronic diseases.”
{"title":"The interaction between the microbiome, diet and health","authors":"C. Walsh, C. Haasbroek","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2021.1966226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2021.1966226","url":null,"abstract":"The gut microbiome refers to the intestinal community of microbes that help to maintain and influence health. This community includes trillions of microbes from more than a thousand bacterial species. As a supraorganism vital to human well-being and survival, the microbiome has developed alongside humans. According to Velasquez-Manoff, “our intestinal community of microbes calibrates our immune and metabolic function, and its corruption or depletion can increase the risk of chronic diseases.”","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"i - ii"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45242777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-02DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2021.1943165
M. Wicks, E. Wentzel-Viljoen
The global population continues to grow and unfortunately in a response to this, the food environment has changed dramatically. This change has primarily brought about an increase in the affordability, availability and acceptability of many ultraprocessed foods. Research has shown that the global obesity and non-communicable disease (NCD) pandemic can be linked to the frequent consumption of these highly processed foods, mainly due to their energy, saturated fat, sugar and/or salt content. As a result, the movement towards a diet consisting of mainly whole – and minimally processed foods – is now being motivated. Avoidance of ultra-processed foods is also the main focus of many Latin American countries’ newly released national food based dietary guidelines.
{"title":"The whole-food plant-based diet: what does it entail and what lessons can it offer South African dietitians?","authors":"M. Wicks, E. Wentzel-Viljoen","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2021.1943165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2021.1943165","url":null,"abstract":"The global population continues to grow and unfortunately in a response to this, the food environment has changed dramatically. This change has primarily brought about an increase in the affordability, availability and acceptability of many ultraprocessed foods. Research has shown that the global obesity and non-communicable disease (NCD) pandemic can be linked to the frequent consumption of these highly processed foods, mainly due to their energy, saturated fat, sugar and/or salt content. As a result, the movement towards a diet consisting of mainly whole – and minimally processed foods – is now being motivated. Avoidance of ultra-processed foods is also the main focus of many Latin American countries’ newly released national food based dietary guidelines.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"34 1","pages":"i - ii"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.2021.1943165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43897401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2021.1932179
Hanna Williamson, C. Walsh, M. Nel, L. van den Berg
Objectives: Estimation equations based on different body segments are commonly used to predict height in patients whose height cannot be directly measured. This study aimed to assess the agreement between measured (reference) height and height predicted from published equations derived from measurement of body segments, in a South African public hospital setting. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken. Setting: Medical, surgical, pulmonary, orthopaedic, cardiovascular and general wards at three public hospitals in Bloemfontein. Subjects: Admitted patients, 20–50 years old; able to stand upright without assistance and without medical conditions or treatments affecting height. Outcome measures: Stadiometer height, recumbent height, arm span, demi-span, ulna length, knee height, tibia length, fibula length and foot length were measured with standardised techniques. Height, predicted by 12 published equations, was compared with stadiometer height by 95% confidence intervals (CI) and Bland–Altman analysis. Results: The median stadiometer height of the sample (n = 141; 38.3% female; median age 38.8 years, IQR 33.3–44.4 years) was 165.5 cm (males 169.3 cm; females 158.4 cm). Only a set of equations based on knee height and standardised on a large population of adults < 65 years in the United States estimated height without statistically significant deviance from the stadiometer height. Conclusions: Most standardised equations applied to hospitalised adults in a South African public health setting resulted in height estimations that differed significantly from height. Thus, equations standardised on other populations may not be suitable for the South African population, possibly due to differences in genetic and environmental factors.
{"title":"Agreement between measured height, and height predicted from published equations, in adult South African patients","authors":"Hanna Williamson, C. Walsh, M. Nel, L. van den Berg","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2021.1932179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2021.1932179","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Estimation equations based on different body segments are commonly used to predict height in patients whose height cannot be directly measured. This study aimed to assess the agreement between measured (reference) height and height predicted from published equations derived from measurement of body segments, in a South African public hospital setting. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken. Setting: Medical, surgical, pulmonary, orthopaedic, cardiovascular and general wards at three public hospitals in Bloemfontein. Subjects: Admitted patients, 20–50 years old; able to stand upright without assistance and without medical conditions or treatments affecting height. Outcome measures: Stadiometer height, recumbent height, arm span, demi-span, ulna length, knee height, tibia length, fibula length and foot length were measured with standardised techniques. Height, predicted by 12 published equations, was compared with stadiometer height by 95% confidence intervals (CI) and Bland–Altman analysis. Results: The median stadiometer height of the sample (n = 141; 38.3% female; median age 38.8 years, IQR 33.3–44.4 years) was 165.5 cm (males 169.3 cm; females 158.4 cm). Only a set of equations based on knee height and standardised on a large population of adults < 65 years in the United States estimated height without statistically significant deviance from the stadiometer height. Conclusions: Most standardised equations applied to hospitalised adults in a South African public health setting resulted in height estimations that differed significantly from height. Thus, equations standardised on other populations may not be suitable for the South African population, possibly due to differences in genetic and environmental factors.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"35 1","pages":"23 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.2021.1932179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43936947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2021.1921899
K. Mokwena, Jim Kachabe
Objective: This study profiled mothers whose children were admitted to hospital for malnutrition in a rural hospital in the North West province. Method: A quantitative and cross-sectional design, using a researcher-developed questionnaire, was used to collect data from 94 mother and child pairs who were admitted to hospital for malnutrition. Stata statistical software was used to analyse the data. Results: The ages of the mothers ranged from 17 to 48 years. Most (83%) lived in dwellings that had electricity, and 92% had running water in their households. Some 83% were not married and 97% were unemployed. Mothers between the ages of 21 and 25 years had the highest number of children with malnutrition (37%, n = 34), followed by mothers between the ages of 26 and 30 years (28%, n = 26). Severe acute malnutrition was experienced by children whose mothers were comparatively young (age group 16–20), accounting for 44.4% of malnourished children. The association between category of malnutrition and maternal age was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Although malnutrition of the children cuts across all maternal age groups, severe acute malnutrition tends to occur among children whose mothers are either young or relatively older, which suggests a need for specific community-based interventions among these groups of mothers.
{"title":"Profile of mothers whose children are treated for malnutrition at a rural district hospital in the North West province, South Africa","authors":"K. Mokwena, Jim Kachabe","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2021.1921899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2021.1921899","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study profiled mothers whose children were admitted to hospital for malnutrition in a rural hospital in the North West province. Method: A quantitative and cross-sectional design, using a researcher-developed questionnaire, was used to collect data from 94 mother and child pairs who were admitted to hospital for malnutrition. Stata statistical software was used to analyse the data. Results: The ages of the mothers ranged from 17 to 48 years. Most (83%) lived in dwellings that had electricity, and 92% had running water in their households. Some 83% were not married and 97% were unemployed. Mothers between the ages of 21 and 25 years had the highest number of children with malnutrition (37%, n = 34), followed by mothers between the ages of 26 and 30 years (28%, n = 26). Severe acute malnutrition was experienced by children whose mothers were comparatively young (age group 16–20), accounting for 44.4% of malnourished children. The association between category of malnutrition and maternal age was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Although malnutrition of the children cuts across all maternal age groups, severe acute malnutrition tends to occur among children whose mothers are either young or relatively older, which suggests a need for specific community-based interventions among these groups of mothers.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"35 1","pages":"17 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.2021.1921899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42811349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2020.1831201
SH Röhrs, L. du Plessis
Objective: To assess the appropriateness and understanding of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary (SA-PFBDGs) among mothers/caregivers of children between the ages of 3 and 5 years. Exposure to similar messages, barriers and enablers were also assessed. Design: A qualitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study design was followed. Participants were purposively recruited to participate in 9 focus-group discussions (FGDs) conducted in isiXhosa, English and Afrikaans totalling 55 participants. Setting: Formal and informal urban communities along the West Coast, in the Northern Metropole, City of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. Subjects: Mothers/caregivers older than 18 years who provided informed consent. Results: The majority of the participants mentioned previous exposure to messages similar to the revised, draft SA-PFBDGs mainly from healthcare workers, health facilities and the media. Cultural differences and taste preferences contributed to poor following of healthy eating guidelines, specifically regarding lean meats and chicken, dry beans, split peas, lentils and soya, salt, fat and sugar. With regard to dietary variety and fresh fruit and vegetables, availability and financial barriers existed. Understanding nutritional needs of children, supportive communities and education were strong enabling factors for following of the revised, draft SA-PFBDGs. Conclusion: Overall, the guidelines were familiar and understood. However, the comprehension of some guidelines must be clarified further, specifically those pertaining to sugar, salt and fat. The design of appropriate educational materials for the revised draft SA-PFBDGs, complementing national actions, could help to minimise inconsistent messages on young-child nutrition and create a supportive environment for improved nutritional health.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2020.1769335
L. du Plessis, L. Daniels, H. Koornhof, ZL Solomon, M. Loftus, LC Babajee, C. Ronquest, B. Kleingeld, CM Greener, KJ Burn
Objectives: To assess the appropriateness and understanding of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (SA-PFBDGs) amongst mothers/caregivers of children aged 0–12 months. Exposure to guidelines with similar messages, barriers and enablers to following of the guidelines were also assessed. Design: Qualitative data were collected from 14 focus-group discussions (FGDs), conducted in isiXhosa (n = 5), English (n = 4) and Afrikaans (n = 5), totalling 73 mother/caregiver participants. Setting: Worcester, Breede Valley sub-district, Western Cape province. Subjects: The study population included mothers/caregivers who were older than 18 years. Results: The majority of participants had previous exposure to variations of messages similar to the revised, draft SA-PFBDGs. Health platforms and practitioners (community health centres, antenatal classes, nurses, doctors) and social networks and platforms (family, magazines, radio) were mentioned as primary sources of information. Barriers to following the messages included: inconsistent messages (mainly communicated by healthcare workers), contrasting beliefs and cultural/family practices, limited physical and financial access to resources, poor social support structures and the psycho-social and physical demands of raising a child. Conclusion: The revised, draft SA-PFBDGs for the age range 0–12 months have been field-tested in English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa. The messages in some of the revised, draft SA-PFBDGs were not understood by the participants, indicating that a degree of rewording should be considered to facilitate understanding of the guidelines by the public. The National Department of Health should consider the findings of this study, and use these standardised messages to optimise infant and young child feeding.
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