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Assessing alignment between curriculum standards and teachers’ instructional practices in China’s school music education 评估中国学校音乐教育课程标准与教师教学实践的一致性
IF 1.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-03 DOI: 10.1177/1321103X221099852
Yang Yang
Alignment between curriculum standards and teachers’ classroom instructional practices is critical in assessing curriculum implementation effectiveness and students’ learning. Using a modified version of the Surveys of Enacted Curriculum (SEC) for music, this study explored the alignment between the enacted curriculum and the national curriculum standards in the Chinese school system. Curriculum standards and classroom instructional practices were represented using sets of two-dimensional matrices that comprised content themes and five learning domains: Cognitive, Affective, Psychomotor, Social, and Cultural (the CAPSCt model). The results showed an overall high level of alignment (0.81–0.90). It was also suggested that the degree of alignment gradually decreased from the low grade to high grade band. Individual variations were evident in both the learning content and learning objectives, in which more emphasis was put on cognitive, affective, and psychomotor development than on social and cultural aspects. Methodological challenges and implications of the CAPSCt model for assessing curriculum enactment are also discussed.
课程标准和教师课堂教学实践之间的一致性对于评估课程实施的有效性和学生的学习至关重要。本研究采用修订版的音乐课程设置调查(SEC),探讨了中国学校系统中音乐课程设置与国家课程标准之间的一致性。课程标准和课堂教学实践使用一组二维矩阵来表示,这些矩阵包括内容主题和五个学习领域:认知、情感、心理运动、社会和文化(CAPSCt模型)。结果表明,总体排列水平较高(0.81–0.90)。还表明,排列程度从低等级带向高等级带逐渐降低。个体差异在学习内容和学习目标上都很明显,其中更多地强调认知、情感和心理运动发展,而不是社会和文化方面。还讨论了CAPSCt评估课程制定模式在方法上的挑战和影响。
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引用次数: 2
Examining student depictions of actual and ideal learning experiences in elementary general music 考察学生对小学普通音乐中实际和理想学习体验的描述
IF 1.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/1321103X221096553
Josef Hanson
The purpose of this study was to explore and synthesize the perspectives of primary-level students regarding their experiences in general music by analyzing their drawings. A research protocol was developed using an adaptation of the Kinetic School Drawing approach established by Prout and Phillips. A total of 180 primary students from four school contexts participated by creating pictorial depictions of both actual and ideal activities in general music class, which were then analyzed by an outside panel of expert assessors for apparent and implied features. The reactions and reflections of the general music specialists (n = 4) who taught the student participants were also documented and analyzed. Findings centered on students’ (a) preferences for agency and active, volitional learning activities, (b) desire for achievement, individualization, and feedback, and (c) tendencies to highlight compliant, institutionally appropriate behaviors over musical ones. The findings of this study suggest several implications for practice and the need for more intentional efforts to honor the perspectives of students when designing and facilitating music learning experiences, even at the primary level.
本研究的目的是通过分析小学生的绘画,探索和综合他们对普通音乐体验的看法。研究方案是根据Prout和Phillips建立的动态学校绘画方法改编而成的。来自四所学校的180名小学生参与了这项活动,他们对普通音乐课上的实际和理想活动进行了绘画描绘,然后由外部专家评估小组对其进行了分析,以确定其明显和隐含的特征。一般音乐专家(n = 4) 谁教学生参与者也被记录和分析。研究结果集中在学生(a)对能动性和主动的、自愿的学习活动的偏好,(b)对成就、个性化和反馈的渴望,以及(c)强调顺从的、制度上适当的行为而非音乐行为的倾向。这项研究的结果表明,在设计和促进音乐学习体验时,即使是在小学阶段,也需要有意识地尊重学生的观点。
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引用次数: 0
Selecting repertoire for music teaching: Findings from Norwegian schools of music and arts 选择音乐教学曲目:来自挪威音乐和艺术学校的调查结果
IF 1.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/1321103X221099436
S. Nielsen, Anne Jordhus-Lier, S. Karlsen
In 1997, Norway became the first country to make statutory provision for schools of music and arts requiring every municipality to run such a school. Based on an explicit vision of “schools of music and arts for everyone,” the aim is to provide music education for all children, regardless of social and economic background. Despite their statutory status, there are no official documents regulating the teaching content. The schools have an advisory curriculum framework, but as this framework barely mentions musical genres, teachers are free to choose content and modes of instruction. In this article, we address the following research questions: What kinds of music are used as teaching content in the schools of music and arts? Who, and what, decide which music is used? We report the findings from a survey of music teachers (N = 151) working in schools of music and arts that were selected using a quota sampling strategy. The survey questionnaire comprised both structured and open-ended questions. We found that while the teaching content encompasses a wide range of musical genres and styles, various styles of popular music predominate. Moreover, the teachers’ own choice of music was altogether the most prominent option, along with other categories involving teacher-led decisions. Our findings also suggest that the teachers’ own preferences and taste in music had a certain impact on the content used. However, the students’ and teachers’ influence on the teaching content seems to vary with the musical style/genre being taught. Students’ preferences were emphasized to a higher degree when teaching popular music, while the teachers decided what music to play more often when teaching art music/classical music. The findings are discussed against Kallio’s ideas of the school censorship frame, and the authors argue that the wider cultural-musical heritage seems to be a strong force when making decisions about teaching content.
1997年,挪威成为第一个为音乐和艺术学校制定法定规定的国家,要求每个市政当局经营这样一所学校。基于“为所有人提供音乐和艺术学校”的明确愿景,其目标是为所有儿童提供音乐教育,无论其社会和经济背景如何。尽管它们具有法定地位,但没有官方文件规范教学内容。学校有一个咨询课程框架,但由于这个框架几乎没有提到音乐类型,教师可以自由选择教学内容和教学方式。在这篇文章中,我们讨论了以下的研究问题:什么样的音乐被用作音乐和艺术学校的教学内容?是谁,又是什么来决定使用哪种音乐?我们报告了对在音乐和艺术学校工作的音乐教师(N = 151)的调查结果,这些教师是使用配额抽样策略选择的。调查问卷包括结构化和开放式问题。我们发现,虽然教学内容涵盖了广泛的音乐流派和风格,但各种流行音乐风格占主导地位。此外,教师自己选择的音乐是最突出的选择,以及其他涉及教师主导决策的类别。我们的研究结果还表明,教师自己的音乐偏好和品味对使用的内容有一定的影响。然而,学生和教师对教学内容的影响似乎随着所教授的音乐风格/流派而变化。在流行音乐教学中,学生的喜好被强调的程度更高,而在艺术音乐/古典音乐教学中,教师决定更多的是演奏什么音乐。这些发现与Kallio关于学校审查框架的观点进行了讨论,作者认为,在决定教学内容时,更广泛的文化音乐遗产似乎是一种强大的力量。
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引用次数: 3
The multiplicity of preservice music teachers’ positioning in a participatory action research project 参与式行动研究项目中职前音乐教师定位的多样性
IF 1.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1177/1321103X221089838
Silje Valde Onsrud, Bendik Fredriksen, Hanne Rinholm, Monica Lindgren
This article reports the results of a participatory action research study into Norwegian generalist music teacher education, that intended to develop spaces for preservice music teachers to foster agency and prepare for future teaching. We aimed to challenge the discursive practice of generalist music teacher education through participatory action research conducted from January to April 2020 at two central teacher education institutions in Norway. In this article, we present extracts from transcribed video recordings of the completed participatory action research that identify preservice music teachers’ positioning in interactions as a response to the challenges posed by action research events. Through our analysis, which draws on positioning theory from discourse psychology, we identify three primary positions taken up by preservice music teachers: (a) novices, (b) not yet independent, and (c) resource persons. The study identifies a need to interrupt traditional music teaching as a discursive practice that maintains power relations that obstruct preservice music teachers’ agency in their education. We conclude that more systematic long-term work is needed to change both educator and student habits and mind-sets.
本文报告了一项针对挪威通才音乐教师教育的参与式行动研究的结果,该研究旨在为职前音乐教师开发空间,以培养能动性并为未来的教学做好准备。我们旨在通过2020年1月至4月在挪威两所中央师范教育机构进行的参与性行动研究,挑战通才音乐教师教育的话语实践。在这篇文章中,我们提供了已完成的参与式行动研究的转录视频记录的摘录,这些视频记录确定了职前音乐教师在互动中的定位,以应对行动研究事件带来的挑战。通过我们的分析,借鉴了话语心理学中的定位理论,我们确定了职前音乐教师所占据的三个主要位置:(a)新手,(b)尚未独立,以及(c)资源人。该研究将中断传统音乐教学的必要性确定为一种维持权力关系的话语实践,这种权力关系阻碍了职前音乐教师在教育中的能动性。我们得出的结论是,需要更系统的长期工作来改变教育工作者和学生的习惯和心态。
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引用次数: 3
A cross-sectional study on relationships between musical activities and quality of life in Japanese older adults 日本老年人音乐活动与生活质量关系的横断面研究
IF 1.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-03 DOI: 10.1177/1321103X221087063
Hiromichi Mito, H. Kinjo
This study aimed to examine the association between musical activities and quality of life in older adults using a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: background variables, quality of life variables (measured from two aspects: appreciation of life and life-ability of the person), and musical activity variables (frequency of engagement in musical activities, perceived importance of musical activities, motivation for acquiring musical skills and knowledge, and self-efficacy regarding musical skills and knowledge). It was sent to 525 people aged 60 to 98 years who were enrolled in two Silver Human Resource Centers in Tokyo. We found a significant correlation between almost all the musical activity variables and the quality of life measures; the trend was consistent even after controlling for background variables. The results indicated that both the frequency of involvement in musical activities and the mindset toward musical skills and potency were associated with quality of life. The strength of this study is that the association between quality of life and various musical aspects—both frequency of participation and psychological aspects of musical activities—was explored within the same research design, which is the first to be carried out solely with older adults.
本研究旨在探讨音乐活动与老年人生活质量之间的关系,采用问卷调查。问卷由三部分组成:背景变量、生活质量变量(从个人对生活的欣赏和生活能力两个方面测量)和音乐活动变量(参与音乐活动的频率、音乐活动的感知重要性、获得音乐技能和知识的动机、音乐技能和知识的自我效能感)。问卷被发送给525名年龄在60岁到98岁之间的人,他们都在东京的两家Silver人力资源中心登记。我们发现,几乎所有的音乐活动变量与生活质量指标之间都存在显著的相关性;即使在控制了背景变量之后,这种趋势也是一致的。结果表明,参与音乐活动的频率和对音乐技能和效力的心态都与生活质量有关。这项研究的优势在于,生活质量与各种音乐方面之间的联系——包括参与音乐活动的频率和音乐活动的心理方面——在同一研究设计中进行了探索,这是第一个单独针对老年人进行的研究。
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引用次数: 0
“A meeting of equals”: Music educators and special education paraprofessionals in a community of practice “平等的会议”:实践社区中的音乐教育家和特殊教育辅助专业人士
IF 1.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.1177/1321103x221078521
Rachel Grimsby
The purpose of this instrumental case study was to observe music educators and special education paraprofessionals (SEPs) in a learning community that examined their perceptions and necessary practices needed to teach music to students with disabilities. The primary question of this study was: How may a community of practice (CoP) offer collaboration and instructional support for music educators and SEPs? Participants found the collaborative nature of the group to be the most beneficial. While instructional practices were moderately impacted, participants’ perceptions of their colleagues were changed. Participants also discovered similarities between their positions and shared concerns over systemic issues in education which impacted their positions within their school communities.
本乐器案例研究的目的是观察学习社区中的音乐教育工作者和特殊教育辅助专业人员(SEP),研究他们对向残疾学生教授音乐所需的看法和必要实践。这项研究的主要问题是:实践社区(CoP)如何为音乐教育工作者和SEP提供合作和教学支持?参与者发现小组的协作性质是最有益的。虽然教学实践受到了适度的影响,但参与者对同事的看法发生了变化。参与者还发现了他们的立场之间的相似之处,并共同关注影响他们在学校社区中立场的教育系统性问题。
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引用次数: 1
Why do singers use imagery? 为什么歌手会使用意象?
IF 1.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-19 DOI: 10.1177/1321103X221081984
Brianna DeSantis, Sarah L. Deck, C. Hall, S. Roland
Previous sport research has demonstrated that athletes of higher levels employ imagery more than low-level athletes. Because there is currently little research on imagery’s application in singers, the purpose of the present study was to investigate whether this finding is reflected in low-level and high-level singers. A study-specific questionnaire was developed that examined singers’ imagery use. The questionnaire consisted of four subscales that assessed vocal technique, performance anxiety regulation, goals, and characterization. It was found that singers used imagery most for characterization (i.e., portraying a character or feeling), followed by goals, vocal technique, and performance anxiety regulation. No differences existed between professional and student singers’ imagery use. There was a significant difference between males and females on the characterization subscale, suggesting that female singers may use imagery for characterization more so than males. Introducing this approach to imagery to singers and teachers of singing has the potential to influence music education in school settings and impact curriculum development.
先前的体育研究表明,高水平的运动员比低水平的运动员更多地使用图像。由于目前对意象在歌手中的应用研究较少,本研究的目的是调查这一发现是否反映在低级和高级歌手身上。开发了一份针对研究的问卷,调查歌手的形象使用情况。问卷由四个分量表组成,评估声乐技巧、表现焦虑调节、目标和特征。研究发现,歌手最常用意象来刻画角色(即刻画角色或感觉),其次是目标、声乐技巧和表演焦虑调节。专业歌手和学生歌手的意象使用没有差异。男性和女性在人物塑造分量表上存在显著差异,这表明女性歌手可能比男性更喜欢使用意象来进行人物塑造。将这种意象方法引入歌手和歌唱教师,有可能影响学校环境中的音乐教育,并影响课程开发。
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引用次数: 2
Discussing a methodology for researching the long-term impact of music education: Drawing on learners’ memories and self-accounts 讨论研究音乐教育长期影响的方法:利用学习者的记忆和自我描述
IF 1.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.1177/1321103X211058277
Koji Matsunobu
In this article, based on a longitudinal study that the author conducted in a primary school in Japan, a methodology for assessing the long-term impact of music education is discussed. With the intention of understanding the meaning of primary music education from the perspectives of the learners, retrospective data were collected from former primary school students who became university students. Methodological possibilities are discussed in the light of nine themes, including the use of retrospective data and video recordings, focus group interviews, the involvement of teachers, subjectivity, and the view of narrative understanding. While most impact case studies pay little attention to how student learning actually takes place, the proposed methodology in this article emphasizes the importance of qualitative understanding in the initial stages as well as underscoring learners’ retrospective valuations of their own learning experiences.
本文以笔者在日本一所小学进行的纵向研究为基础,探讨了一种评估音乐教育长期影响的方法。为了从学习者的角度来理解小学音乐教育的意义,本研究收集了从小学转学到大学的学生的回顾性资料。在九个主题的基础上讨论了方法论的可能性,包括回顾性数据和录像的使用、焦点小组访谈、教师的参与、主观性和叙事理解的观点。虽然大多数有影响力的案例研究很少关注学生的学习实际是如何发生的,但本文提出的方法强调了在初始阶段定性理解的重要性,并强调了学习者对自己学习经历的回顾性评估。
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引用次数: 2
Representation in music: College students’ perceptions of ensemble repertoire 音乐表现:大学生对合奏曲目的认知
IF 1.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/1321103X211066844
Jason P. Cumberledge, Matthew L. Williams
Culturally responsive pedagogy in music education is becoming increasingly crucial for all students, in all types of music programs, and at all levels of education as demographic shifts occur in schools. In music ensembles, the selection of repertoire is a critical component of culturally responsive pedagogy. The purpose of this study was to investigate student perceptions of repertoire in college music ensembles. This study was guided by the following research questions: (a) Do students perceive current ensemble repertoire as representative and supportive of their self-identities? (b) What are these perceptions according to students’ race or ethnicity, gender, and ensemble type? (c) What factors do students consider important in directors’ selection of repertoire? (d) How are directors’ current repertoire selection practices, as experienced by the respondents, informed by or responsive to gender and racial diversity in the ensembles? Respondents (N = 278) were graduate and undergraduate college students enrolled in band, choir, or orchestra. Data were collected through an online questionnaire. Overall, respondents felt that current repertoire practices were representative and supportive, although male respondents rated composer gender as lower in importance in repertoire selection than both females and those not identifying as male or female. White students indicated that they felt repertoire selection was more representative of their gender than Black, Indigenous, and other students of color. Respondents also indicated a desire for more underrepresented composers in ensemble repertoire. Numerous implications are provided, including the need for an increased focus on culturally responsive repertoire selection processes in teacher preparation programs.
随着学校人口结构的变化,音乐教育中的文化响应教学法对所有学生、所有类型的音乐课程和所有层次的教育都变得越来越重要。在音乐合奏中,曲目的选择是文化响应教学法的关键组成部分。摘要本研究旨在探讨学生对大学乐团演奏曲目的观感。本研究以以下研究问题为指导:(a)学生是否认为当前的合奏曲目代表和支持他们的自我认同?(b)根据学生的种族或民族、性别和集体类型,这些看法是什么?(c)在导演选择曲目时,学生认为哪些因素是重要的?(d)根据答复者的经验,导演目前的曲目选择做法如何反映或响应合奏团的性别和种族多样性?调查对象(N = 278)是参加乐队、合唱团或管弦乐队的研究生和本科生。数据是通过在线问卷收集的。总体而言,受访者认为目前的曲目实践具有代表性和支持性,尽管男性受访者认为作曲家性别在曲目选择中的重要性低于女性和那些不确定为男性或女性的人。白人学生表示,他们认为曲目选择比黑人、土著和其他有色人种学生更能代表他们的性别。受访者还表示,希望在合奏曲目中有更多代表性不足的作曲家。提供了许多启示,包括在教师培训计划中需要更加关注文化反应曲目选择过程。
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引用次数: 0
“It just fills you up”: The culture of monthly community singing events in one American city “它只是让你充满”:美国一个城市每月举行的社区歌唱活动的文化
IF 1.6 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/1321103X221078534
J. Palkki
This article conveys data collected in an ethnographic case study exploring monthly participatory community singing events in one city in the American Midwest. I analyze these data through the lens of a “traditional” choral conductor who, prior to undertaking this investigation, had little knowledge about participatory singing traditions; I also utilize scholarship about participatory versus presentational music activities as defined by Turino. Themes that arose during data analysis include: the context of folk music culture of Middletown, the inclusivity of community singing events, the role of the song-leader in facilitating these events, and “wounding stories” from participants who were discouraged by music educators. Perhaps in reflecting on the dichotomy between performative and participatory singing events, the choral community may begin to unlearn strictures that make some singers feel unwelcome.
这篇文章传达了一项民族志案例研究中收集的数据,该研究探索了美国中西部一个城市每月的参与式社区歌唱活动。我通过一位“传统”合唱指挥的视角分析这些数据,在进行这项调查之前,他对参与式歌唱传统知之甚少;我还利用了图里诺定义的参与性与表现性音乐活动的学术。数据分析中出现的主题包括:Middletown民间音乐文化的背景、社区歌唱活动的包容性、歌曲领导者在促进这些活动中的作用,以及被音乐教育工作者劝阻的参与者的“伤人故事”。也许在反思表演性和参与性歌唱活动之间的二分法时,合唱团体可能会开始忘记让一些歌手感到不受欢迎的限制。
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引用次数: 1
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Research Studies in Music Education
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