Journal of Public Health Research最新文献

Introduction: Due to the higher demand for healthcare provision in Indonesia, increasing the number of medical schools in Indonesia was highly encouraged. Meanwhile, medical students were considered a susceptible population to a variety of issues that negatively impact their quality of life (QOL) in comparison to the general community.

Objectives: The study aims to assess the QOL of Indonesian medical students during the clinical clerkship program (years 4-5) of their medical training while also exploring the association between the results and their ongoing rotation.

Methods: The survey was conducted online to 311 students at a private medical school in Jakarta using the Indonesian version of WHOQOL-BREF. Participants' characteristics, sleep duration, physical activity, and smoking history were also assessed to see if there was any association. Results: 82% of 311 registered clerkship students responded to the survey. In terms of overall QOL, being in a major department, 7-9 h of sleep duration, and owning a private vehicle increased the QOL.

Conclusion: This study suggested that medical schools' policies may consider sleep duration, travel time, transportation-related infrastructure, and social-related infrastructure to underpin students' social relationships and, afterward, improve their QOL in intangible ways.

Background: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate our single-center experience with Magseed as a pre-operative localization system in a cohort of 47 patients with non-palpable breast lesions.

Design and methods: Forty-seven patients with non-palpable breast lesions, who underwent Magseed pre-operative localization followed by breast-conserving surgery between November 2022 and June 2024 at our Breast Unit were enrolled in our study. The procedure involved percutaneous placement of the Magseed into the target lesion under ultrasound (66%) or stereotactic (34%) guidance. Data on patient demographics, lesion characteristics, Magseed localization and retrieval, surgical outcomes, and complications were collected and analyzed.

Results: Magseed localization was successful in all cases, with no marker migration or dislodgment, and all seeds were retrieved (100%). Breast-conserving surgery was successful in 97.9% of patients, with only one requiring intraoperative widening. No significant complications were reported. Histopathology revealed predominantly invasive breast cancers, with "No Special Type" being the most common subtype (42.5%).

Conclusions: The effectiveness of this technique is proven by our results, which reflect the data in the growing scientific literature on Magseed.

Background: Dermatology lags behind other medical specialties in workforce diversity, particularly regarding gender, race, and ethnicity. This study aims to analyze the current demographics of dermatology physicians in the United States, comparing them with other medical specialties, the overall population of practicing U.S. physicians, and the U.S. population as a whole.

Design and method: Data from the Association of American Medical Colleges and the U.S. Census Bureau (2007-2022) were used to evaluate gender, racial, and ethnic diversity within dermatology. Demographic factors analyzed included gender, race, and ethnicity, with racial categories grouped as White, Asian, and underrepresented minorities in medicine (URiM). Chi-square tests assessed the fit of gender and age distributions with population proportions, while linear regression models examined trends over time.

Results: From 2007 to 2021, the number of dermatologists grew by 22.9%, with a corresponding decrease in population per dermatologist, indicating growth relative to the general population. The proportion of female dermatologists rose by 68.1% during this period, while the male proportion declined by 5.1%. From 2019 to 2022, a significant linear increase (p < 0.001) in URiM representation among dermatology residents was observed, with a model-predicted annual increase of 1.6%.

Conclusions: The increasing diversity in dermatology may be attributed to initiatives such as scholarships and mentorship programs implemented by dermatology organizations and residency programs. By fostering a more diverse workforce, dermatology can better address the healthcare needs of a diverse population and promote health equity across all demographics.

Artificial intelligence (AI), and more specifically Machine Learning (ML) and Deep learning (DL), has permeated the digital pathology field in recent years, with many algorithms successfully applied as new advanced tools to analyze pathological tissues. The introduction of high-resolution scanners in histopathology services has represented a real revolution for pathologists, allowing the analysis of digital whole-slide images (WSI) on a screen without a microscope at hand. However, it means a transition from microscope to algorithms in the absence of specific training for most pathologists involved in clinical practice. The WSI approach represents a major transformation, even from a computational point of view. The multiple ML and DL tools specifically developed for WSI analysis may enhance the diagnostic process in many fields of human pathology. AI-driven models allow the achievement of more consistent results, providing valid support for detecting, from H&E-stained sections, multiple biomarkers, including microsatellite instability, that are missed by expert pathologists.

Introduction: This research describes incorporating the principles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in training students at an Italian university. It also describes the perception of students on the rights of people with disabilities and the quality of services using the questionnaire the Well-Being at Work and Respect Right (WWRR), the objective is to compare the responses of students from the faculty of health sciences and health professionals human rights respect, organizational well-being, and job satisfaction in healthcare environments method: Cross-sectional study the data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA test and Chi-SQUARE test results: University students have little recognition of the professional roles for the social and labor inclusion of users of health services, which promotes rethinking the type of training they receive conclusions: the findings show the need to incorporate in a more detailed way the principles of the CRPD in university training plans that promote an emphasis on disabilities based on human rights, despite the fact that the perception by students is optimistic in relation to respect for the rights of users in health services where they have done their training or practices, these results indicate a reevaluation of university training that gives a balance between technical skills but with an emphasis on human rights and social inclusion in health services.

Transgender is a broad term that includes people whose gender identity, gender expression, and behavior are discordant with those typically associated with the sex assigned at birth. They are subject to violence, poverty, human rights violations, socioeconomic inequalities, a lack of education, and unemployment. The struggle rises with increasing age, and the elderly community suffers abuse, financial exploitation, physical injuries, cognitive decline, and mental health issues and is denied healthcare. A fair system inclusive of the third gender calls for reforms by the state and society.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic resulted in lifestyle change of world's population because of the measures adopted by governments to contain the virus spread.

Design and methods: This study examined whether lockdown impacted anthropometric indices, Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence, Physical Activity Level (PAL), and Quality of Life (SF-12) in a cohort of 116 patients (96 F, aged 57.2 ± 13.1 years) affected by thyroid disorders. Before lockdown, data were collected during the endocrinological examination; after lockdown they were collected through a tele-phone interview (via video call).

Results: Data revealed an overweight condition in 59% of patients, with no significant differences between the two observations (BMI values: 26.5 ± 4.9 vs 26.6 ± 4.9 kg/m²), whereas waist circumference values significantly increased over time (93.3 ± 12.6 vs 94.4 ± 12.5 cm; p = 0.003). Moreover, a lower adherence to the MD (PREDIMED score: 7.3 ± 1.8 vs 7.0 ± 1.8; p = 0.003) and a significant increase of sitting time (6.4 ± 3.2 h/die vs 9.0 ± 4.2; p < 0.001) were observed. A not significant decrease in PAL, which revealed a sedentary condition in pre- and post-lockdown (648 and 562 METs/week respectively), was found. The SF-12 score did not show relevant changes between the two observations.

Conclusion: Our study highlights that patients with thyroid diseases are often sedentary and exhibit a high prevalence of over-weight, underscoring the need for a systematic anthropometric evaluation and, at times, lifestyle interventions.

Background: Because micronutrient deficiencies affect public health, countries monitor population status by national-scale, multi-stage, micronutrient surveys (MNS). In design-based surveys, inclusion probabilities are specified for sample units and the corresponding sample weights allow design-unbiased estimates to be made of population parameters. Corrections may be possible on departures from the design; an alternative is to use linear mixed models (LMM), with an estimated covariance structure reflecting the sampling design, to obtain model-based estimates.

Design: The Ethiopia National Micronutrient Survey (2016) specified inclusion probabilities at enumeration area (EA) and household (HH) levels, and sample weights are provided. However, the design was not followed as it would have resulted in insufficient sampling from women of reproductive age.

Results: Having found no evidence that sample weights were informative for target serum micronutrient concentrations (Zn), we estimated LMM parameters, with Regions as fixed effects, and the variation of individuals nested within households, households within EA, and EA within regions, random effects. We obtained LMM standard errors, Best Linear Unbiased Estimates (BLUEs) of regional means, and empirical Best Linear Unbiased Predictions for sampled/unsampled EA and HH. The probability that each true regional mean exceeded the sufficiency threshold $\left(65\mu g{\mathrm{dL}}^{-1}\right)$ was evaluated. The variances of BLUEs of regional means, under alternative sampling designs, were bootstrapped from LMM variance components.

Conclusions: We demonstrate use of LMM to obtain model-unbiased estimates and predictions when surveys deviate from the original design; and the use of LMM variance components to evaluate alternative designs for further sampling, or for sampling comparable populations.

Occupational fatigue among oil and gas workers can have perilous consequences related to safety, health, economy, and wellbeing. This makes it necessary to discover major factors related to fatigue and implement appropriate prevention programs and education. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between mental workload, sleep quality, and occupational fatigue in oil and gas office workers in Jambi Province, Indonesia. Mental workload, sleep quality, and occupational fatigue were measured using the NASA-TLX, PSQI, and the Indonesian Questionnaire Measuring Feelings of Work Fatigue (KAUPK2), respectively. A PLS-SEM approach was used to determine the association between mental workload, sleep quality, and occupational fatigue. Out of the 116 oil and gas workers in Jambi Province who participated in this study, 58.6% were male, 54.3% had Senior High School or less, 85.3% were not smoking, and 88.8% were married, working experience from 0.17 to 34 years. The mean of body height, weight, and mass index were 165.35 cm, 64.65 kg, and 23.64 respectively. The PLS-SEM model illustrated that the direct effect of mental workload on occupational fatigue was not significant. Meanwhile, the mental workload had a significant effect on sleep quality, which significantly affected fatigue. This indicated that the effect of workload on fatigue was fully mediated by sleep quality. The impact of good sleep on an employee's ability to recover from increased mental workload was substantial. According to this study, introducing mental workload coping methods, routine measurement, and sleep hygiene programs among oil and gas workers can reduce occupational fatigue.

Introduction: The Iraqi pharmacy code of practice and ethics enables pharmacists to resolve conflicts between the code and patient demands and satisfy their needs. This study evaluates pharmacists' knowledge, attitude, and practice toward the pharmacy code of practice and ethics.

Design and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in three different provenances (Baghdad, Al-Diwaniya, and Wasit) from October 1st to December 31st, 2022.

Results: Among 202 Iraqi pharmacists, the mean age was (30.4 ± 6.8) years old, and about (59%) of the participants were aware of the Iraqi Code of Practice and Ethics; similar results were found regarding their practice. About two-thirds of the participants agreed that modifying the Iraqi Pharmacy Code of Practice and Ethics will enable pharmacists to resolve the conflict between the code and patient demands, satisfy their needs, and raise healthcare standards. More than two-thirds of the participants thought that they don't need training courses to give vaccines for addiction, smoking cessation, obesity, or sleeping problems.

Conclusion: According to the study, more than half of the Iraqi pharmacists exhibited good knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the pharmacy code of practice and ethics. However, it is recommended that Iraqi pharmacists engage in comprehensive training programs covering different aspects of healthcare, such as vaccination and smoking cessation, to further improve their contribution to the healthcare system.