Journal of Public Health Research最新文献

In December 2019, the current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, China. Asthmatic patients are thought to be more vulnerable to the more severe form of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their weakened immune systems and increased risk of respiratory exacerbation when infected with respiratory viruses; however, there is little evidence to support this theory. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown during the pandemic on asthma management outcome measures among children and adolescents. To conduct the search, we used five bibliographic databases. The results were limited to those articles published between December 2019 and February 2022, selecting only articles published in English that included the study population (children aged 0-18 years). All study designs were considered. Independent assessments of the included studies' quality were made and reported. Among the 945 results of the bibliographic search, only 21 articles were found to fit our eligibility criteria We organized the results from the studies according to the effect of the lockdown at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic on common outcomes, including the Pediatric Emergency Department Visits, hospitalization rates of pediatric asthmatic patients during the pandemic, asthma control, asthma exacerbations, psychological effects on patients, and caregivers' concerns. The management of pediatric asthma improved more during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic lockdown than in previous years.

Background: Ethiopia has launched a community-based health insurance (CBHI) since 2011, which is an innovative financing mechanism to enhance domestic resource mobilization and sustainable health financing. This study assessed determinants of CBHI enrollment among HHs (households) of East Wollega, Ethiopia, 2022.

Method and materials: Community based unmatched 1:2 case-control study design was conducted between Jan 7and Feb 5/2022 among 428 HHs (144 cases and 284 controls). Cases were selected from HHs who registered for CBHI and currently using CBHI. Controls were from those who do not registered for CBHI membership. Data collected using a semi-structured, interview administered questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression with SPSS version 25 was employed for analysis and variables were declared statistical significant association at p-value < 0.05, 95% CI.

Result: Data from 428 (144 cases and 284 controls to CBHI) were collected; a response rate of 98.8%. Statistically lower odds of CBHI enrollment was observed among HHs who have poor knowledge [AOR = 0.48 (95% CI:0.27, 0.85)], perceived not respectful care [AOR = 0.44 (95% CI :0.24, 0.81)], unavailability of laboratory services [AOR = 0.37(95% CI:0.21, 0.66)], inappropriate time of premium payment [AOR = 0.31(95% CI:0.18, 0.52)]. In addition, medium wealth status category [AOR = 0.11(95% CI: 0.03, 0.45)]. Higher odd of CBHI enrollment observed among who have formal education [AOR = 2.39(95% CI: 1.28, 4.48)].

Conclusion and recommendation: Educational level, knowledge, time of membership payment, laboratory test availability, perception of respectful care and wealth status were significant determinants of CBHI enrollment status. Hence, the responsible bodies should discuss and decide with community on the appropriate time of premium payment collection, and enhance community education on CBHI benefit package.

Background: Adult overweight and obesity, in addition to the intake of saturated fat and total serum cholesterol must be monitored as biological risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) provides data on body fat for use in epidemiological settings. However, optimized equations should be used to calculate percentage body fat (%BF). The purpose of this study was to assess the differences between %BF calculated using different published BIA equations and %BF measured by BIA in young South African adults.

Design and methods: In this observational study, differences in calculated %BF were assessed, with different BIA equations retrieved from the literature used in 1128 healthy young adults aged 20-30 years. The %BF (measured by BIA) was compared between equations, between Black and White men and women, respectively.

Results: The results showed statistically significant differences in the %BF calculated from published BIA equations when used in young South African adults (χ² = 946, χ² = 2528, χ² = 2088, respectively, p < 0.0001). In Black and White men and women, respectively, %BF levels were significantly higher when calculated by equations, than when measured by BIA (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion: There seem to be large discrepancies in estimating %BF by BIA equations and these values cannot be used interchangeably for young South African adults. A South African age, ethnicity and sex-specific BIA equation needs to be developed to accurately estimate %BF in young South African adults.

Background: The main factor that causes a family the inability to care for patients with schizophrenia disorder is inadequate family-centered empowerment. Nevertheless, the family-integrated empowerment model has not been developed yet. This study aims to develop a integrative empowerment model to care for patients with schizophrenia disorder.

Design and methods: The mixed methods research design was divided into two stages. The first stage used a cross-sectional method with a questionnaire to 135 families who cared for patients with schizophrenia disorder using purposive sampling. Data analysis was obtained using Partial Least Squares (PLS). The second stage is a focused group discussion (FGD) conducted with six families, seven health workers, and six social workers, and discussions with two experts for model development.

Results: The integrative empowerment-based family empowerment model is developed from Outside-in empowerment (path coefficient = 0.309; t = 3.292) and Inside-out empowerment (path coefficient = 0.478; t = 4.850). Family factors is the most potent variable in shaping Inside-out empowerment (path coefficient = 0.217; t = 2.309). Moreover, re-meaning of caregiving is the strongest indicator that builds the Inside-out empowerment variable (t = 42.643). The value of Q² is 0.433 indicates that this model can be generalized, since 61% of family ability to provide care for schizophrenia patients.

Conclusions: Re-meaning of caregiving is the most potent indicator in shaping Inside-out empowerment, which is the strongest factor forming this model. Nurses assist families to be able to find activities that can generate positive meaning when caring for patients with schizophrenia disorder.

Background: Despite the many touted benefits of community-wide face mask wearing, numerous communication campaigns and mandates, some people still refuse or fail to wear face masks in public settings. Hence, exposing themselves and others to the risk of infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and raise the potential for public healthcare systems to become overwhelmed once again. This study investigates demographic and hygiene factors related to propensity of face mask wearing in public settings.

Design and methods: The self-administered online questionnaire contained the independent variables (demographic and hygiene factors) and the outcome variable (frequency of face mask wearing). Participants were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling techniques. Seven hundred and eight responses were collected from Malaysian adults between May and June 2020. The demographic characteristics of participants, differences in the frequency of face mask wearing across demographic factors and hierarchical multiple regression were analyzed.

Results: The propensity of face mask wearing differs by gender. The hierarchical multiple regression revealed that being female, having personal protective equipment available and frequently washing hands were positively correlated with the frequency of face mask wearing. Moreover, the availability of personal protective equipment and the frequency of hand washing accounted for greater variation of the frequency of face mask wearing than gender.

Conclusion: Future studies should adopt established psychosocial models in conjunction with normative and cultural factors for a better understanding of underlying motivations to engage in preventive health behaviors to shape improved hygienic and societal precautionary protective behaviors in different contexts.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1177/22799036221129414.].

Background: The elderly with dementia occur cognitive decline and they are considered normal by the family, and then causing the need for care from elderly. This is not following the ability of home care by the family as an informal caregiver for the elderly with dementia. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of caregiver demands on the ability of families to do home care for elderly dementia.

Design and methods: An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sample size is 100 respondents with a cluster random sampling technique. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed using SEM-PLS.

Results: Caregiver demands have a direct effect on increasing the family's ability to do home care for elderly dementia with a p-value = 0.011 (p ≤ 0.05), t statistic value of 2.557 (≥1.96). Caregiver demands have four indicators, including care receiver impairment, caregiving activities, competency of caregivers, and caregiver/family relationship with elderly dementia. The condition of the elderly who experience various changes supports the increasing need for care to receive care and recovery as well as special attention from the family.

Conclusion: The higher the need for care, the higher the family's ability to do home care. This research implies that the family has a duty in the health sector to provide care for the elderly at home/home care, which strengthens the need for care, this supports caregiver empowerment and increases the independence of the elderly with dementia.

Background: Evaluation of coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) is the physiological approach to assess the severity of coronary stenosis and microvascular dysfunction. Impaired CFVR occurs frequently in women with suspected or known coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to assess the role of CFVR to predict long-term cardiovascular event rate in women with unstable angina (UA) without obstructive coronary artery stenosis.

Methods: CFVR in left anterior descending coronary artery was assessed by adenosine transthoracic echocardiograhy in 161 women admitted at our Department with UA and without obstructive coronary artery disease.

Results: During a mean FU of 32.5 ± 19.6 months, 53 cardiac events occurred: 6 nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, 22 UA, 7 coronary revascularization by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, 1 coronary bypass surgery, 3 ischemic stroke, and 8 episodes of congestive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and 6 cardiac deaths. Using a ROC curve analysis, CFVR 2.14 was the best predictor of cardiac events and was considered as abnormal CFVR. Abnormal CFVR was associated with lower cardiac event-free survival (30 vs 80%, p < 0.0001). During FU, 70% of women with reduced CFVR had cardiac events whereas only 20% with normal CFVR (p = 0.0001). At multivariate Cox analysis, smoke habitus (p = 0.003), metabolic syndrome (p = 0.01), and CFVR (p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with cardiac events at FU.

Conclusion: Noninvasive CFVR provides an independent predictor of cardiovascular prognosis information in women with UA without obstructive coronary artery disease whereas, impaired CFVR seems to be associated with higher CV events at FU.

Background: Many countries introduce CBHI as their healthcare financing system to ensure healthcare access. Understanding the level of satisfaction and factors associated with it is essential to ensure the sustainability of the program. Therefore, this study aimed to assess household satisfaction with a CBHI scheme and its associated factors in Addis Ababa.

Design and methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the 10 health centers found in the 10 sub-cities of Addis Ababa. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify its associated factors and thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Finally, variables with a p-value of <0.05 have been considered statistically significant.

Results: In this study, the overall satisfaction level of households with CBHI was 46.3%. Satisfaction was associated with valid CBHI management regulations (AOR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.46), participants who received the right drug (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.93), households who got immediate care (AOR = 4.95, 95% CI: 2.72, 8.98), those who agreed with the adequacy of medical equipment (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.69), and households who agreed with qualification of health personnel (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.20) were more satisfied with the scheme than their counterparts. The challenges mentioned by the discussants were the shortage of drugs, poor attitude of health professionals, absence of kenema pharmacy, lack of laboratory services, lack of awareness about the CBHI scheme, and tight payment schedule.

Conclusions: the satisfaction level of households was low. To achieve a better result, the concerned bodies should work to improve the availability of medication, and medical equipment and improve the attitude of healthcare workers.