Journal of Public Health Research最新文献

Background: Globally diabetes affects over 530 million adults with Type II Diabetes (T2DM) accounting for approximately 98% of patients. T2DM is preventable, and its onset can be markedly postponed by increasing physical activity, reducing weight, and changing dietary habits, poor adherence to lifestyle modification was attributed to a number of factors such as poverty, and diet education. The main objective of this study was to explore factors affecting lifestyle modification among adults with type II diabetes mellitus at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH)-Mbale City, Eastern Uganda.

Design and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 262 participants was conducted in MRRH among T2DM patients attending the diabetic clinic. Quantitative data was collected through structured administered questionnaires. Simple random sampling was used to recruit respondents for the study. Quantitative data was analyzed at univariate, and bivariate levels using SPSS version 25. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Statistical significance was set at p-value of <0.05.

Results: About 70.1% of the participants were females, 63.4% were above 50 years, and 29.7% of participants had high knowledge on T2DM. Most participants engaged in health practices like recommended diet, regular physical activity, body weight monitoring, blood sugar monitoring, and health checkups. Gender, religion, occupation, physical exercise, smoking, and weight management significantly affected lifestyle modifications. Qualitative results revealed three main themes namely, social support, health education, and having a conducive environment as promoters to lifestyle modification, while two main themes namely lack of social support and religious and cultural beliefs were the main barriers.

Conclusion: Generally, participants had good knowledge on the lifestyle modifications of T2DM. Gender, religion, occupation, physical exercise, smoking, and weight management significantly affected lifestyle modifications. Social support, health education, and having a conducive environment were reported as promoters to lifestyle modification, while lack of social support and religious and cultural beliefs were the main barriers. It is recommended that health care workers should continuously educate the patients on the lifestyle modifications considering their financial status, and all other limiting factors. A holistic approach to lifestyle modifications needs to be taken in order to help reduce the complications associated with the condition.

Background: Between 35% and 45% of nurses and 40%-54% of physicians in the United States experienced burnout over the past decade, underscoring the need to examine trends and patterns in healthcare burnout research to identify contributors and formulate recommendations. Our objectives were to (1) understand whether the problem of burnout is widespread and studied globally, (2) assess the extent of research collaboration, (3) examine the focus of healthcare burnout themes prior to 2019 and after 2019 and assess similarities between themes to identify persistent problems, and (4) assess differences in themes to identify new research directions triggered by COVID-19.

Design and methods: We performed a literature search in Web of Science, followed by bibliometric and manual comparative analyses of publications data. We analyzed trends in publications, countries, and organizations where healthcare burnout was studied, constructed co-authorship networks, and evaluated theme similarities and differences between the periods.

Results: Studies have investigated longstanding system and organizational problems, including poor workplace conditions and unsupportive leadership and management, as contributors to burnout. Research collaborations on healthcare burnout across countries have increased post-pandemic. Studies conducted after 2019 have investigated new research directions, including workplace adaptations, workplace aggression, and emerging technologies such as virtual reality.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that workplace conditions and organizational factors such as leadership and management remain persistent challenges, with workplace violence and workplace aggression increasingly associated with burnout. Design improvements to the work system and emerging technologies hold promise as interventions for preventing and mitigating burnout.

Objectives: Despite high rates of gender-based violence in India, there are few theory-based interventions designed to reduce their incidence. In a secondary analysis of the data, we raised research questions pertaining to how harmful gender norms are perpetuated through interpersonal communication and their combined effects on attitudes about gender-based violence and intentions to intervene.

Design and methods: In a cluster randomized controlled trial, longitudinal data were collected at baseline (N = 2048) and end-line (N = 3797) from women of reproductive age (15-49 years old) through one-on-one interviews in the eastern state of Odisha in India. The usual-care control group was only monitored, without the intervention, whereas the treatment group received a 3-year intervention as part of the Reduction in Anemia through Normative Innovations (RANI) Project. This paper uses only the end-line data.

Results: Overall effect sizes were small, but significant interactions emerged in the relationships between norms and attitudes and between norms and intentions, with interpersonal communication and intervention effects as moderators. Strongest intentions were found in treatment communities with high interpersonal communication.

Conclusion: Two intervention implications include the need to (a) consider creative ways of incorporating interpersonal communication as a means of amplifying public health intervention effects (also known as "buzz marketing"), and (b) incorporate gender norms into intervention strategies by, for example, tailoring messages differently for those holding equitable (vs inequitable) gender norms.

Background: Risky sexual behavior (RSB) among youth can lead to serious socio-economic and health problems, such as unwanted pregnancy and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Little is known about RSB among secondary school students in the South Omo zone, South Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of RSB and its determinants among secondary school students in the study area.

Design and methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2023. A multistage sampling method was used to select 538 students. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine associated factors. The level of statistical significance was declared to have a p-value less than 0.05 in multivariate analysis.

Results: The prevalence of RSB among study participants was 25.9% (95% CI = 22.3, 29.9%). It was significantly associated with having close sexually active close friends (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.09; 95% CI: 1.90-5.02), attending night clubs (AOR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.35-4.86), drinking alcohol (AOR = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.10-3.29), experiencing parental neglect (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.35-3.29) and poor HIV/AIDS knowledge (AOR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.12-2.77).

Conclusions: RSB among secondary school students in the South Omo zone was high. It was associated with the presence of sexually active friends, attendance at night clubs, alcohol consumption, parental neglect experience, and poor HIV/AIDS knowledge. Subsequently, it is necessary to strengthen HIV/AIDS education in schools, promote parental engagement in adolescent health, and raising community awareness on the risks of alcohol use and nightclub attendance.

Most, if not all, medical centers have patient registries for quality improvement/quality assurance projects and patient outcome data, which can also be used to conduct population health studies through secondary research. Such registries offer significant public health benefits, such as facilitating better care, guiding resource allocation, and improving patient outcomes. Because patient registries promise possibilities for collecting patient outcome and longitudinal cohort data, researchers in transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) health have advocated for the creation of patient registries to increase the evidence base for the efficacy of gender-affirming care and population health outcomes. However, there is an absence in the literature on the ethical dimensions of creating and using these registries for research. Existing TGD patient registries were likely developed during the Biden administration, a period of expanding legally protections and social acceptance before the current wave of widespread political attacks on TGD healthcare. Using the same patient registries for research now presents different ethical challenges than when they were initially developed. This discussion provides recommendations for conducting ethical research, ultimately advocating for the creation of TGD patient registries in which participants are fully aware of how their data will be used and stored with robust mechanisms in place to ensure confidentiality and security.

Objectives: The study investigated the knowledge, prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among poor urban community dwellers in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that explored non-communicable diseases using the modified World Health Organisation STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance. Data was collected from 500 eligible participants aged 18-65 years from two urban communities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Knowledge was scored on 28-point score with ≤9 classified as poor, 10-19 as fair, and 20-28 as good. Data were analysed using Chi-square statistics and binary logistics regression at p < 0.05 level of significance.

Results: Mean age of the respondents was 35.3 ± 12.2 years, most, (67.9%) of the male respondents were currently married, while most female were self-employed (72.8%) with secondary education (53.1%). Almost two-fifth, (16.2%) had good knowledge of hypertension which was associated with Christianity religion, earning more than #20,000 ($49) monthly and a history of obesity (p = 0.001). Hypertension prevalence was 18.6%, and only 8.4% were aware of their hypertensive status before the survey. Obesity was 14.6% among females and 3.0% among males. The majority of the females (87.0%) and 55.8% of males were physically inactive. More males (64.9%) than females (42.3%) consume alcohol. The logistic regression shows no significant association with the covariates.

Conclusion: The study population has a low level of knowledge, high risky practices and a high prevalence of hypertension. There is a need for concerted health promotion interventions geared towards improving the knowledge and changing the behavioural practices of poor urban community members in southwestern Nigeria.

Background: Fast food consumption is a significant public health concern among university students. Despite their awareness of the health risks, including obesity, they continue to exhibit unhealthy eating behaviors. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to fast-food consumption among university students in Malaysia.

Design and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to September 2024 among 397 local and international university students from both private and public universities. Data were collected using a survey assessing demographic characteristics and knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to fast-food consumption. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, employing Fisher's Exact Test, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression to identify associations with a p-value set at <0.05.

Results: A moderate to high prevalence of fast-food consumption was found, with 375 students (94.4%) regularly consuming fast food. Female students (236 of 397) demonstrated significantly better knowledge about the health impacts of fast food compared to male students (161 of 397, p < 0.001). Students living in the central region showed better knowledge (142 of 190, p < 0.001) toward healthy eating than in other regions. Participants aged between 23 and 27 years old had 1.44 times (adjusted OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.22-1.85) more likely to have high knowledge on fast food consumption compared to participants aged between 18 and 22 years old.

Conclusions: The study reveals a high prevalence of fast-food consumption among university students, with notable differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practices based on gender, residence type, and academic year.

Introduction: Personal care products (PCPs), including cosmetics and skincare products, have seen increased usage over the past two decades. Increasing evidence suggests that certain ingredients in PCPs pose health and environmental risks. For instance, parabens, commonly used as preservatives, are associated with increased cancer risks and reproductive toxicity among women. Despite the availability of safer alternatives, many lack the knowledge to identify harmful substances in PCPs and to seek out alternatives. Knowledge translation (KT) tools offer a solution to bridge this gap by simplifying complex information to improve risk perception. This review aimed to identify effective elements of mobile applications as KT tools focused on environmental health, to increase risk perception and promote behavior change.

Methods: A comprehensive scoping review was conducted by searching various databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid Medline, and CINAHL, yielding 1092 articles. An additional 240 sources related to user-app reviews of 8 mobile apps were identified through a manual Google search. All sources underwent title and (if applicable) screening, followed by full-text review for eligibility.

Results: The review included a total of 16 relevant articles, 7 websites, and 6 user app reviews. Key findings revealed 11 elements categorized into 4 main themes: toolkit accessibility and affordability, simplicity of presented information, personalization of features, and a clear focus on knowledge sharing.

Conclusion: Using the elements identified in this research, future studies should focus on creating and evaluating environmental health toolkits to build capacity for effective knowledge translation that enhances environmental health awareness and health promotion.

Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is a critical component in building trust and trustworthiness, as well as mitigating power differentials - all of which are essential for building and sustaining community-academic partnerships. Since 2017, the University of Rochester Medical Center has co-created and co-facilitated a CBPR Training Program with community partners and academics to address these dynamics through didactic modules and group conversations. Innovations and pivots such as adding additional educational modules on grant writing and dissemination and implementation, plus redefining meeting times and locations have occurred in response to evaluation data and continuous quality improvement. Annual program evaluation, measured through surveys and focus groups, found program participants demonstrated a statistically significant increase in CBPR knowledge, CBPR skills, and ability to partner in a CBPR context before and after the program (<0.05), a result that was sustained when stratified by several program years. Qualitative results highlighted the importance of building and nurturing relationships built on trust, sharing resources, and ensuring students end the course ready to engage in CBPR. This project provides a model of teaching CBPR within a milieu that breaks down barriers to effective and meaningful CBPR.

Introduction: Public stigma of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can delay help-seeking and be a barrier to research participation. This study aimed to understand what, if any, patterns exist among aspects of AD stigma. Knowing this may advance opportunities to reduce AD stigma.

Methods: Adult respondents (N = 317) read a vignette about a man with mild stage AD dementia. Afterward, respondents answered the modified Family Stigma in Alzheimer's Disease Scale (FS-ADS), which measures: Structural Discrimination, Negative Severity Attributions, Negative Aesthetic Attributions, Antipathy, Supportiveness, Pity, and Social Distance. In this correlational study, latent class analyses were used to derive response profiles. Regression models were used to assess correspondence of personal characteristics with profile membership.

Results: Three profiles emerged from latent class analysis of four FS-ADS domains of: Structural Discrimination, Negative Severity Attributions, Supportiveness, and Social Distance. Two profiles characterized about 66.8% of respondents and were similar except for one distinguishing quality: beliefs that a person with AD would receive support from others. Additionally, membership in the "expecting higher support" profile was associated with identifying as White and having lower educational attainment, while membership in the "expecting lower support" profile was associated with relatively higher educational attainment.

Conclusions: Beliefs about a lack of support, worries about discrimination, and expectations of social distance may depict a topic cluster to leverage in public messaging campaigns intended to reduce AD stigma. In doing so, our findings suggest it will be essential to consider the age and education level of the intended audience.