Pub Date : 2023-01-22DOI: 10.1177/03631990221150490
Sheer Ganor
One day in December 1942, during his internment as an illegal alien in Switzerland, Herbert Lewandowski opened his diary and mused over the significance of regular journaling. Partly in jest and partly in earnest he then added: “In keeping a diary at least I hold on to being a man” (Lee van Dovski, Schweizer Tagebuch eines Internierten. Pfeil Verlag, 1946, 35). Born in 1896 in Cassel, Germany, to a Jewish family, the Catholic convert Lewandowski was on the run from the genocidal antisemitic violence of the Nazis, which took the lives of several of his family members. Writing a diary may not appear to be an obvious expression of masculinity and manhood in their various cultural codifications. For Lewandowski, a product of a certain social milieu that celebrated cultural cultivation and refinement as a form of “making it,” the connection between keeping a diary and his identity as a man was not that big of a stretch. But as an interned refugee—safe, “but as a prisoner,” (28) as he put it—in a state of confined agency, the significance of his diary extended far beyond the habits and aspirations typical of his middle-class German-Jewish background. It was a rare outlet for creativity and productivity that allowed Lewandowski to insist on his right to define himself at a time when his ability to do so was increasingly threatened. The stories of men like Lewandowski, and those of their family and fellow community members, are at the focus of Sebastian Huebel’s important new book, Fighter, Worker and Family Man: German-Jewish Men and Their Gendered Experiences in Nazi Germany, 1933–1941. Huebel’s book explores how the National Socialist regime deliberately targeted Jewish masculinity as an integral element of its ideology as well as in policy, how Jewish men living in Germany at the time responded to these attacks on a personal level and how German-Jewish organizations confronted them on behalf of the entire community. While the regime’s actions towards undermining Jewish masculinity and Jewish men “signified a loss of authority and created feelings of powerlessness that were intricately linked to conceptions of masculinity (Huebel, 7),”Huebel shows that Jewish men developed a variety of strategies that helped to preserve their sense of agency and dignity in their pursuit of fighting against their intended emasculation (as understood according to the prevailing gender norms of their time and place). Gender historians have been producing incredibly important scholarship on the history of Nazi Germany and the Holocaust for several decades. Their work has made it clear that it is necessary to approach the analysis of that dark period with serious consideration of gender politics and gendered experiences. And yet, studies focusing explicitly on men and masculinity (and especially Jewish masculinity) remain scant still. Existing works mostly tend to focus on masculinity as a component of Fascism. Huebel’s focus on the gendered identities of Jewish men theref
1942年12月的一天，赫伯特·莱万多夫斯基（Herbert Lewandowski）作为一名非法外国人在瑞士被拘留期间，打开日记，思考定期写日记的意义。他接着补充道：“写日记，至少我坚持做一个男人”（Lee van Dovski，Schweizer Tagebuch eines Internierten.Pfeil Verlag，1946，35）。1896年出生于德国卡塞尔的一个犹太家庭，天主教皈依者莱万多夫斯基正在逃离纳粹的种族灭绝反犹太主义暴力，这场暴力夺走了他的几个家庭成员的生命。在他们的各种文化编纂中，写日记可能并不是男性气概和男子气概的明显表现。莱万多夫斯基是某个社会环境的产物，这个社会环境将文化修养和精致视为一种“创造”的形式，对他来说，写日记和他作为一个男人的身份之间的联系并没有那么大。但作为一名被拘留的难民——安全，“但又是一名囚犯，”（28）正如他所说——处于一种封闭的代理状态，他的日记的意义远远超出了他中产阶级德国犹太背景的典型习惯和愿望。这是一个罕见的创造力和生产力的出口，让莱万多夫斯基在自己的能力越来越受到威胁的时候，坚持自己定义自己的权利。Sebastian Huebel的重要新书《战士、工人和居家男人：德国犹太人及其在纳粹德国的性别经历，1933-1941》聚焦于像Lewandowski这样的男人以及他们的家人和社区成员的故事。Huebel的书探讨了国家社会主义政权如何故意将犹太男子气概作为其意识形态和政策的一个组成部分，当时生活在德国的犹太男子如何在个人层面上应对这些攻击，以及德国犹太组织如何代表整个社区与他们对抗。虽然该政权破坏犹太男子气概和犹太男子气概的行为“标志着权威的丧失，并产生了与男子气概概念密切相关的无力感（Huebel，7）”，但Huebel表明，犹太男子制定了各种策略，有助于在追求与自己的有意阉割（根据其时间和地点的主流性别规范来理解）。几十年来，性别历史学家一直在为纳粹德国和大屠杀的历史提供极其重要的学术研究。他们的工作表明，在分析那段黑暗时期时，有必要认真考虑性别政治和性别经历。然而，明确关注男性和男子气概（尤其是犹太男子气概）的研究仍然很少。现有的作品大多倾向于将男子气概作为法西斯主义的一个组成部分。因此，Huebel对犹太男性性别身份的关注将一个学术界关注不足的主题带到了最前沿。他对此事的彻底和圆满处理使这一贡献越来越受到欢迎。书评
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Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.1177/03631990221148480
Rebecca A. Buller
In The Last Heir: The Triumphs and Tragedies of Two Montana Families, writer Bill Vaughn paints an intriguing picture of the Burkes and the Herrins families’ intertwining histories in Montana’s upper Missouri River Valley from the late nineteenth century to today. By doing so, Vaughn highlights American, and portions of western, history through the eyes and experiences of two families, the professional Burkes and the ranching Herrins, whose family tree lines eventually meet, creating the author’s wife. Using a journalistic methodology of research and writing, the author employs existing documentation (e.g., newspaper articles and court judgments) and oral history stories— largely from two people (i.e., his spouse, Kitty Herrin, and her mother, Molly Catherine Burke Herrin)—as his main sources. It is not clear whether other current family descendants were consulted in the book’s writing. Vaughn’s attention-grabbing writing style will engage a public audience, nearly immediately drawing readers in with Paramount Global’s television series (2018–present) Yellowstone-like theatrics of shady Montana politics, nepotism, and “friends” favoritism. Here is a historical drama of go-getters: daring individuals and families whose actions and motivations—including but not limited to pride, ambition, aggression, fighting, violence, and court cases—often mirrored one another. Within the Burkes and Herrins, are substantial “kingdoms”—whether professional or agricultural—started generations back, slowly built up and quickly lost with boom and bust cycles, with an increasing family imperative of the importance, and burden, of maintaining and defending the kingdom. Depicted are “typical” rural “strong” families characterized by a hard-working ethos and inability to talk about and acknowledge mental health needs, seeing those with such “struggles” as “weak.” Readers will detect theme manifestations from popular culture standards: books like Sandoz’s Old Jules (Little, Brown, and Company 1935) and Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men (Covici Friede 1937); books and film adaptations such as Maclean’s A River Runs Through It (University of Chicago Press 1976, Columbia Pictures 1992), Harrison’s Legends of the Fall (Delacorte Press 1979, TriStar Pictures 1994), and Paine’s Open Range (Walker & Co 1990, Touchstone Pictures 2003); and television series like Dallas (CBS Broadcasting Inc. 1978–1991) and Yellowstone. The book illuminates intersections of Burke and Herrin family history with local (e.g., Army Corps of Engineers and Missouri River damming projects), national (e.g., whitecapping, Social Security Act, Campfire Girls, World War II Homefront efforts), and international (e.g., western world baseball, World War I, Great Depression) history. Those versed in the historical geography of the Great Plains will see familiar themes of boom/bust cycles of economics and towns in the late 1800s and early 1900s; white Booster optimism; shady railroad advertisements enticing settlers Bo
在《最后的继承人：两个蒙大拿家庭的胜利与悲剧》一书中，作家比尔·沃恩描绘了一幅有趣的画面，描绘了从19世纪末到今天，伯克家族和赫林斯家族在蒙大拿州上密苏里河谷交织的历史。通过这样做，沃恩通过两个家庭的视角和经历，突出了美国历史和西方历史的一部分，这两个家庭是专业的伯克斯家族和牧场经营的赫林斯家族，他们的家谱最终相遇，创造了作者的妻子。作者使用新闻研究和写作方法，使用现有的文献（如报纸文章和法院判决）和口述历史故事——主要来自两个人（即他的配偶基蒂·赫林和她的母亲莫莉·凯瑟琳·伯克·赫林）——作为他的主要来源。目前尚不清楚在这本书的写作中是否咨询了其他现有家族的后代。沃恩引人注目的写作风格将吸引公众观众，派拉蒙环球的电视剧（2018年至今）几乎立即吸引了读者，就像黄石公园一样，上演了蒙大拿州阴暗的政治、裙带关系和“朋友”偏袒。这是一部关于实干家的历史剧：勇敢的个人和家庭，他们的行为和动机——包括但不限于骄傲、野心、侵略、战斗、暴力和法庭案件——经常相互反映。在Burkes和Herrins家族中，有许多实质性的“王国”——无论是专业的还是农业的——几代人以前就开始了，随着繁荣和萧条的周期，慢慢建立起来，很快就消失了，家庭对维护和保卫王国的重要性和负担越来越迫切。描述的是“典型的”农村“强大”家庭，其特点是勤奋工作，无法谈论和承认心理健康需求，将那些有这种“挣扎”的人视为“软弱”。“读者会从流行文化标准中发现主题的表现：比如桑多兹的《老朱尔斯》（Little，Brown，and Company 1935）和斯坦贝克的《人与鼠》（Covici Friede 1937）；书籍和电影改编作品，如麦克莱恩的《一条河穿过它》（芝加哥大学出版社1976年，哥伦比亚影业1992年）、哈里森的《秋天的传奇》（德拉科特出版社1979年，三星影业1994年）和潘恩的《露天牧场》（Walker&Co 1990年，Touchstone影业2003年）；以及电视连续剧，如达拉斯（CBS广播股份有限公司1978-1991）和黄石。这本书阐述了Burke和Herrin家族历史与当地（例如，陆军工程兵团和密苏里河筑坝项目）、国家（例如，白帽、社会保障法案、篝火女孩、第二次世界大战前线工作）和国际（例如，西方世界棒球、第一次世界大战、大萧条）历史的交叉点。熟悉大平原历史地理的人会看到19世纪末和20世纪初经济和城镇繁荣/萧条周期的熟悉主题；白色助推器乐观主义；阴暗的铁路广告诱惑定居者书评
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Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.1177/03631990221143989
N. Bonneuil, E. Fursa
The nuptiality transition in the Don Army Territory 1867–1916 depended on residence, economy, and religion. In rural areas, population growth and the scarcity of good land undermined the Orthodox tradition, though it was defended by the Church; rural Armenian-Gregorians persisted in early marriage, unlike Old Believers, Buddhists, and Lutherans. In cities, Armenian-Gregorians and Jews, unlike Catholics, adopted late marriage. Age at marriage among Orthodox was slightly later in cities and their hinterlands, against the tradition that Church conservatism favored. The different trajectories of nuptiality reveal a struggle between religion, economics, and urban life, making nuptiality a scene of contradictory influences.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-08DOI: 10.1177/03631990221143987
Jia Xu, Xiuzhen Ding, Thurid Eggers
This article studies the Ming-Qing period (1368–1911), examining the differences in the poverty risks of Chinese women in various social positions after their husbands or fathers had died based on historical records and archives. We argue that women's poverty risks depended not only on their family's wealth but also on their social positions, which regulated their eligibility for various income sources such as dowry, family property, and assistance from their lineage or the government. Unlike most studies, we focus on the combination of various income sources for which women were eligible, via which they evaded poverty to different degrees.
{"title":"Poverty Risks of Women in Ancient China: How Social Institutions Shaped the Poverty Risks Faced by Women During the Ming-Qing Period","authors":"Jia Xu, Xiuzhen Ding, Thurid Eggers","doi":"10.1177/03631990221143987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221143987","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the Ming-Qing period (1368–1911), examining the differences in the poverty risks of Chinese women in various social positions after their husbands or fathers had died based on historical records and archives. We argue that women's poverty risks depended not only on their family's wealth but also on their social positions, which regulated their eligibility for various income sources such as dowry, family property, and assistance from their lineage or the government. Unlike most studies, we focus on the combination of various income sources for which women were eligible, via which they evaded poverty to different degrees.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45128515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.1177/03631990221138928
F. Qin
This article, based upon 199 police reports of disobedience cases in Republican Beijing, examines the relationship between family and state in modern China. It argues that these cases, on the one hand, helped the family transfer the domestic crises to the state, and on the other hand, consolidated the state cult of filial piety and facilitated the everyday intervention of the state into society. But the collusion between family and state also led to some unexpected consequences, in which the state's representative institutions such as the police and the reformatory, with their availability and affordability, actually increased the visibility of filial impiety.
{"title":"Taking the Unfilial Son to the Police: Family Conflicts and State Intervention in Republican Beijing","authors":"F. Qin","doi":"10.1177/03631990221138928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221138928","url":null,"abstract":"This article, based upon 199 police reports of disobedience cases in Republican Beijing, examines the relationship between family and state in modern China. It argues that these cases, on the one hand, helped the family transfer the domestic crises to the state, and on the other hand, consolidated the state cult of filial piety and facilitated the everyday intervention of the state into society. But the collusion between family and state also led to some unexpected consequences, in which the state's representative institutions such as the police and the reformatory, with their availability and affordability, actually increased the visibility of filial impiety.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"48 1","pages":"179 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45956905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.1177/03631990221138926
F. Cahen
This paper provides a fresh look at the specificity of French ART rules. Re-exploring the genesis of sperm banks and the emergence of ART regulation in the 1970s and 80s involves considering a sequence during which several options were competing and no “national path” was defined. Sperm banking constituted the locus of tensions concerning the social status of doctors, their place within the institutional landscape, and the impact of biomedicine. The Centres d’étude et de conservation du sperme humains (CECOS)’ “victory” did not result from its intrinsic features, but rather from their leader's integrated conception of ART and political sense.
{"title":"A Realpolitik of Ethics. Behind the Specificity of the French ART System (1972–1994)","authors":"F. Cahen","doi":"10.1177/03631990221138926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221138926","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a fresh look at the specificity of French ART rules. Re-exploring the genesis of sperm banks and the emergence of ART regulation in the 1970s and 80s involves considering a sequence during which several options were competing and no “national path” was defined. Sperm banking constituted the locus of tensions concerning the social status of doctors, their place within the institutional landscape, and the impact of biomedicine. The Centres d’étude et de conservation du sperme humains (CECOS)’ “victory” did not result from its intrinsic features, but rather from their leader's integrated conception of ART and political sense.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47845771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.1177/03631990221124801
James Doherty
By the mid-thirteenth century, many aristocratic families across Europe could lay claim to crusading ancestors, and scholarship has revealed the importance of family tradition in maintaining the momentum of the crusading movement. This study focuses on one family – the Furnivals – who produced five crusaders over three generations. It argues that, even though family tradition likely played a part in motivating some crusading Furnivals, in-depth scrutiny of three generations demonstrates that social and political concerns are at least as convincing in explaining the crusade motivation of each family member.
{"title":"The Crusading Furnivals: Family Tradition, Political Expediency and Social Pressure in Crusade Motivation","authors":"James Doherty","doi":"10.1177/03631990221124801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221124801","url":null,"abstract":"By the mid-thirteenth century, many aristocratic families across Europe could lay claim to crusading ancestors, and scholarship has revealed the importance of family tradition in maintaining the momentum of the crusading movement. This study focuses on one family – the Furnivals – who produced five crusaders over three generations. It argues that, even though family tradition likely played a part in motivating some crusading Furnivals, in-depth scrutiny of three generations demonstrates that social and political concerns are at least as convincing in explaining the crusade motivation of each family member.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"48 1","pages":"383 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45083875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1177/03631990221116509
Katherine Burns
{"title":"Book Review: Slavery, Fatherhood, and Paternal Duty in African American Communities Over the Long Nineteenth Century by Libra R. Hilde","authors":"Katherine Burns","doi":"10.1177/03631990221116509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221116509","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"489 - 491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45310506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1177/03631990211045905
Klara Kožar Rosulnik
Migration is an important life transition that creates opportunities for both learning and the (re)construction of identity. In this article, we discuss the migration experiences of great aunt Neža Gerkšič, a.k.a. Agnes Lacroix, as a field of learning being interpreted through the theory of biographical learning. Biographical learning is treated as a process occurring in everyday life and the (re)construction of identity, knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values. The study, following the phenomenological paradigm of qualitative research, was developed on the basis of an autobiographical record that includes the entire course of Neža's life and all her migrations. By analyzing the autobiographical record, we show how, in the first half of the twentieth century, this active subject of migration acquired knowledge and (re)constructed her identity through various strategies.
{"title":"Migration Experiences, Learning and Identity (Re)construction: An Analysis of the Autobiographical Story of Neža Gerkšič, a.k.a. Agnes Lacroix","authors":"Klara Kožar Rosulnik","doi":"10.1177/03631990211045905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990211045905","url":null,"abstract":"Migration is an important life transition that creates opportunities for both learning and the (re)construction of identity. In this article, we discuss the migration experiences of great aunt Neža Gerkšič, a.k.a. Agnes Lacroix, as a field of learning being interpreted through the theory of biographical learning. Biographical learning is treated as a process occurring in everyday life and the (re)construction of identity, knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values. The study, following the phenomenological paradigm of qualitative research, was developed on the basis of an autobiographical record that includes the entire course of Neža's life and all her migrations. By analyzing the autobiographical record, we show how, in the first half of the twentieth century, this active subject of migration acquired knowledge and (re)constructed her identity through various strategies.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"12 1","pages":"413 - 431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65231834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.1177/03631990221126069
K. Jansson, N. Koefoed
This article offers a comparative analysis of the early modern Danish and Swedish Household state in relation to the treatment of “disobedient” children. It uses law codes and court records to explore the dynamic relationship between the household and state, arguing that contrasting patterns are apparent despite the common features of absolutism, agrarian, and mono-confessional Lutheranism. In Denmark, the state often responded to such cases by arrogating the power of the household and removing children from their care. In Sweden, the state upheld and sought to educate the household and relied upon parents to carry out appropriate chastisements of its junior members.
{"title":"Mapping the Household State: Treatment of Disobedient Children in Early Modern Denmark and Sweden","authors":"K. Jansson, N. Koefoed","doi":"10.1177/03631990221126069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221126069","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers a comparative analysis of the early modern Danish and Swedish Household state in relation to the treatment of “disobedient” children. It uses law codes and court records to explore the dynamic relationship between the household and state, arguing that contrasting patterns are apparent despite the common features of absolutism, agrarian, and mono-confessional Lutheranism. In Denmark, the state often responded to such cases by arrogating the power of the household and removing children from their care. In Sweden, the state upheld and sought to educate the household and relied upon parents to carry out appropriate chastisements of its junior members.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"48 1","pages":"30 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43734094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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