Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.1177/03631990221126697
T. Claes
This article for the first time places the issues of secrecy and anonymity in donor conception in historical perspective. It relates the gradual move away from secrecy to the growing importance attached to honesty and transparency in the 1970s, during the ‘sexual revolution’. Debates surrounding secrecy received new impetus in the 1980s, when single and lesbian mothers gained access to AID, who told their children the truth because there were no men in their life to assume the paternal role. Yet the issue of anonymity only became questioned under the influence of child development studies relating to adoption and identity.
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Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.1177/03631990221122966
Rune Zahl-Olsen, F. Thuen
The trends in marriage and divorce among male and female same-sex couples in urban and rural Norway were compared to different-sex marriages. Norway legalized same-sex living in 1993 and marriage in 2009. Cohorts from 1993 to 2018 were included. The 2009 gender-neutral marriage law appears to have had minimal impact on the rate of same-sex unions and divorces. Moreover, divorce risks are highest in female same-sex marriages, whereas male same-sex marriages have the same divorce risk levels as different-sex marriages. The divorce risk is declining for same-sex marriages in urban areas, while the opposite is observed in rural areas.
{"title":"Same-sex Marriage Over 26 Years: Marriage and Divorce Trends in Rural and Urban Norway","authors":"Rune Zahl-Olsen, F. Thuen","doi":"10.1177/03631990221122966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221122966","url":null,"abstract":"The trends in marriage and divorce among male and female same-sex couples in urban and rural Norway were compared to different-sex marriages. Norway legalized same-sex living in 1993 and marriage in 2009. Cohorts from 1993 to 2018 were included. The 2009 gender-neutral marriage law appears to have had minimal impact on the rate of same-sex unions and divorces. Moreover, divorce risks are highest in female same-sex marriages, whereas male same-sex marriages have the same divorce risk levels as different-sex marriages. The divorce risk is declining for same-sex marriages in urban areas, while the opposite is observed in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"48 1","pages":"200 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47459731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.1177/03631990221116525
G. Piehler
or Hell. The trapped man is simply depicted as stewing in his own juice in the present. Even so, God (Mon Dieu) is constantly invoked by the speakers in the dialogues, with an occasional saint thrown in for good measure (for example, Saint Jean, 24; Sainte Catherine, 52). Sometimes devils are invoked in oaths, such as “par tous les diables” (82) or “Par Dieu” [I swear to God, 96). One remarkable feature of this text (3–4), which is introduced at the outset (though not addressed in the earlier introductions by the editor or translator), is the author’s political remarks on liberty and the status of France. “La nature humaine,” he says, “recherche naturellement la liberté et l’indépendance. Ainsi, plusieurs grandes seigneuries ont été perdues, parce que leurs princes ont porté atteinte à la liberté de leurs sujets.” After summarizing how the French have broken with the Holy Roman Empire, he asserts that “toutes les personnes réduites en esclavage ont désiré venir en France pour y vivre libres; ainsi, la France est devenue la terre la plus noble du monde, la plus opulente, la plus peuplée et la mieux garnie en édifices, florissante en richesse, science et sagesse, éclairée par la foi catholique et autres vertus.” Another point of interest is the author’s awareness of changes in fashion, both for women and men. The author refers to a husband’s out-of-date spurs, “éperons du temps du roi Clotaire” (74), or states explicitly that since the wars in Flanders (1380s?), “la coupe du vêtements a entretemps changé” (74). To conclude, I will note that the author offers no proposals for changing the prevailing system of marriage: it is what it is—a trap. Nowhere does he offer, for example, a vision of harmonious partnership in wedlock (à la John Stuart Mill, in his landmark 1869 book On the Subjection of Women, which was immediately translated into French and many other European languages) in contrast to his view that there is an eternal war between the sexes, even though his depiction of husbands and wives in dialogue indicates that they refer to one another as “Mon ami” and “Mon amie”. The anonymous author does not critique the Church’s monopoly on sanctifying marriage, nor does he propose that a prince’s government would or could do better by his subjects, who (in the author’s view) are mainly useful for fighting the prince’s wars and for paying taxes. Certainly, he has no intent whatsoever of authorizing women’s emancipation, or even their better character “education,” much less schooling. It seems to be too early in the history of French civilization for any of that. In sum, the text exudes a fatalistic view of the human condition, of how men and women must necessarily be at odds, which some of us no longer share today. And yet, in conclusion, and despite his depiction of the ostensible “joys” of marriage, the author acknowledges that men cannot get along without women.
或地狱。这个被困住的人被简单地描绘成沉浸在自己的果汁里。即便如此，说话者在对话中还是不断地提到上帝(Mon Dieu)，偶尔也会提到圣人(例如，24岁的saint Jean;圣凯瑟琳，52)。有时在誓言中也会提到魔鬼，比如“par tous les ables”(82页)或“par Dieu”(我向上帝发誓，96页)。这篇文章(3-4)的一个显著特征是作者对自由和法国地位的政治评论，这在一开始就介绍了(尽管编辑或译者在前面的介绍中没有提到)。“人性，”他说，“人性是自由的，人性是自由的。”,依照Ainsi几个外面seigneuries看不见的,因为他们的首领安大略省的土耳其宫廷atteinte la自由德帮助他们我。”在总结了法国人是如何与神圣罗马帝国决裂的之后，他断言“toutes les persones resamuites en esclavage ont dsamuresvenir en France pour y vivre libres”;“我是法国人，我是法国人，我是地球人，我是高贵的世界人，我是富裕的人，我是人类，我是成功的人，我是成功的人，我是成功的人，我是成功的人，我是成功的人。”另一个有趣的点是作者对时尚变化的认识，无论是女性还是男性。作者提到了丈夫的过时的热靴，“ temtemps du roi Clotaire”(74)，或者明确地指出，自从佛兰德斯战争(1380年代?)以来，“la coupe du vêtements a entretemps chang”(74)。最后，我要指出，作者没有提出改变现行婚姻制度的建议:它就是一个陷阱。例如，他在任何地方都没有提供一个和谐的婚姻伙伴关系的愿景(例如约翰·斯图尔特·密尔，在他1869年的里程碑式的《论妇女的从属地位》一书中，该书立即被翻译成法语和许多其他欧洲语言)，与他认为两性之间存在永恒的战争的观点形成鲜明对比，尽管他在对话中对丈夫和妻子的描述表明他们称对方为“我的朋友”和“我的朋友”。这位匿名作者并没有批评教会对婚姻神圣化的垄断，也没有提出君主的政府会或能够通过他的臣民来做得更好，(在作者看来)臣民主要是用来为君主作战和纳税的。当然，他没有任何授权妇女解放的意图，甚至没有更好的性格“教育”，更不用说上学了。这在法国文明史上似乎还为时过早。总而言之，这篇文章散发出一种宿命论的观点，认为男人和女人必然存在分歧，而我们中的一些人今天不再认同这种观点。然而，总而言之，尽管作者描述了婚姻表面上的“快乐”，但他承认，男人离不开女人。
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Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.1177/03631990221116526
Jennifer. Hill
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Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.1177/03631990221116538
K. Offen
This book offers a critical edition of Les Quinze Joies de Mariage (The Fifteen Joys of Marriage; c. early fifteenth century) with a translation into modern/contemporary French. It is prefaced by a sixty-page comprehensive introduction by the editor, Jean Rychner, and a thoughtful second introduction, subtitled “Pourquoi et comment lire les Quinze joies de mariage aujourd’hui?” [Why and How to Read the Fifteen Joys of Marriage Today?] by the translator, Jean-Claude Mühlethaler, who makes a convincing case for its timelessness. The edition also accommodates extensive endnotes, a glossary, and an index of proper names. The full text is prose, not poetry. Its depictions of conflicts in marital life are remarkably realistic; such complaints and concerns can easily be recognized in today’s advice columns. For those of us who struggle with “old” French, this modern translation is extremely valuable. The book is arranged so that the modern edition faces the requisite pages of the earlier critical edition, so for specialists (as well as intrigued non-specialist readers) it is easy to evaluate and compare both texts. The annotated critical edition itself is based on the careful study of four extant manuscripts (Rouen, Chantilly, Leningrad [once again St. Petersberg], and Phillipps), plus three printed editions (two from the late fifteenth century and the 1734 edition Le Duchat). The modernized text reads like a novel; in fact, it is a thoroughly entertaining read. As a historian who has worked for decades retrieving texts from the French debates on both sides of the so-called woman question, my primary interest is in the contents of the text, though it has to be said that Rychner has done a splendid job of summarizing scholarly efforts to date it, place it in locale (western France), and sleuth out the identity of the author (no consensus has been reached on this point), as well as to determine who might have read it (in manuscript). As it turns out, Christine de Pizan—who in 1405 was the first woman writer to defend the honor of French women against the misogynistic insults of two earlier writers—Jean de Meung and Matheolus —apparently had not read Les Quinze Joies de Mariage when she penned her Book of the City of Ladies in response to the other two writers. By the end of the fifteenth century, though, the manuscript of Les Quinze Joies was among the earliest published texts and was reprinted from time to time over the next few centuries. It has always fascinated and troubled me to find that misogynous and simply antifeminist tracts seemed to command more attention from publishers than those that either defended women from insults or advocated their emancipation. Les Quinze Joies de Mariage is not, strictly speaking, misogynist. I would call it misanthropic, insofar as its still-anonymous French author seems to be equally critical of the stupidity of men who willingly give up their liberty to dive into the “trap” (la nasse) of marriage, and of wives, us
这本书提供了《婚姻十五乐》（Les Quinze Joies de Mariage）的评论版，并翻译成现代/当代法语。在这本书的开头，编辑让·赖什内尔（Jean Rychner）撰写了一篇长达60页的全面介绍，译者让-克洛德·穆勒塔勒（Jean-Claude Mühlethaler）撰写了第二篇深思熟虑的介绍，副标题为“Pourquoi et comment lire les Quinze joies de mariage aujord'hui？”[为什么以及如何阅读《今日婚姻的十五种乐趣》？]，他为这本书永恒性提出了令人信服的理由。该版本还包含大量的尾注、词汇表和专有名称索引。全文是散文，而不是诗歌。它对婚姻生活中冲突的描述非常现实；这样的抱怨和担忧在今天的建议专栏中可以很容易地得到认可。对于我们这些与“旧”法语作斗争的人来说，这个现代翻译是非常有价值的。这本书的编排使现代版面对早期评论版的必要页面，因此对于专家（以及感兴趣的非专家读者）来说，很容易评估和比较这两本书。注释评论版本身是基于对四份现存手稿（鲁昂、尚蒂利、列宁格勒[再一次是圣·彼得斯堡]和菲利普）的仔细研究，加上三份印刷版（两份来自15世纪末，1734年版的《杜查》）。现代化的文本读起来像小说；事实上，这是一本非常有趣的读物。作为一名几十年来一直致力于从法国关于所谓女性问题的辩论中检索文本的历史学家，我的主要兴趣是文本的内容，尽管不得不说，Rychner在总结学术努力方面做得很出色，对其进行了定年，将其放置在当地（法国西部），查明作者的身份（在这一点上尚未达成共识），并确定谁可能读过（手稿）。事实证明，克莉丝汀·德·皮赞（Christine de Pizan）——她在1405年是第一位捍卫法国女性荣誉的女作家，反对前两位作家让·德·梅（Jean de Meung）和马西奥卢（Matheolus）的厌女侮辱——在写《女人之城》（Book of the City of Ladies）以回应其他两位作家时，显然没有读过《婚姻之歌》（Les Quinze Joies de Mariage）。然而，到了十五世纪末，《儒林经》的手稿是最早出版的文本之一，并在接下来的几个世纪里不时被重印。令我着迷和困扰的是，与那些保护女性免受侮辱或倡导女性解放的出版商相比，厌恶女性和纯粹反女权主义的小册子似乎更受出版商的关注。严格地说，《婚姻之歌》并不是厌女主义者。我会称之为厌世，因为这本书的匿名法国作者似乎同样批评那些自愿放弃自由进入婚姻“陷阱”的男人的愚蠢，以及那些不断试图智取丈夫的妻子的愚蠢，他们通过诡计和其他反常和恶意的行为来反抗丈夫的从属地位，通常是年轻的妻子。一些对话归因于这些女性书评
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Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.1177/03631990221116549
D. Ratliff
affected the dynamics between working class and student youth activists. It could also have been further enriched through the inclusion of the voices of young workers and their life histories—something the author provides in fascinating detail in the following chapter on the Red Army. This chapter provides a lively history of the JRA by tracing the trajectories of Shigenobu Fusako and Wakamiya Masanori and highlighting the local and global connections of the group. Its conclusion points out that Shigenobu was complicit in reinforcing the gender hierarchy of a masculine polis through her propaganda messages. While the author illustrates this complicity in convincing detail, one can question if it completely “eclipsed” Shigenobu’s ideological visions. The gender norms of mainstream society powerfully affected members of the JRA, as did the pervasive consumer culture of early 1970s Japan. However, should we conclude that these influences and the JRA members’ active embrace and enactment of these norms defined them? The chapter’s framing suggests that we should; its rich and lively contents suggest that we should not. The chapter raises questions for further research concerning the intersections between gender norms and activism in Shigenobu and other women activists, as well as their differently gendered portrayals in the mainstream media. While the first two chapters focus on nonstate actors on the Far Left, the last two examine the Far Right. In the early 1950s, “reverse course” became a phrase encapsulating the reactionary turn in Japanese society and politics under the Cold War, with transwar figures escaping the postwar purge and rehabilitating themselves into positions of power. While the phrase was no longer widely used by the late 1960s and early 1970s, the case studies of Kodama Yoshio and Sasakawa Ryoichi illustrate how the trend it referred to continued well into this period. One “Old Left” activist once quipped to the effect that postwar Japan has been on the “reverse course” trajectory for so long, by now it should be in the Stone Ages. However, the last two chapters of this book remind us that generational, class, and gender intersected in ways that preclude a simple portrayal of a linear movement backward in time. Here, one can question the author’s framing of his subjects of analyzes as “nonstate actors” of the Far Left and Right. As the author shows in vivid detail, Far Right activists of the transwar generation enjoyed state establishment connections and resources to a degree that casts doubt on their position as “nonstate actors.” The boundaries between state and nonstate were significantly blurred on the Far Right. On the Far Left, the boundaries were clear and to a degree that was likely higher than most when viewed in global context. While the capacity of social movements to unite and enable political change may have been “a high standard” that was generally not attained in the global 1960s, there were also significant differen
{"title":"Book Review: Stories from Saddle Mountain: Autobiographies of a Kiowa Family by Henrietta Tongkeamha and Raymond Tongkeamnha","authors":"D. Ratliff","doi":"10.1177/03631990221116549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221116549","url":null,"abstract":"affected the dynamics between working class and student youth activists. It could also have been further enriched through the inclusion of the voices of young workers and their life histories—something the author provides in fascinating detail in the following chapter on the Red Army. This chapter provides a lively history of the JRA by tracing the trajectories of Shigenobu Fusako and Wakamiya Masanori and highlighting the local and global connections of the group. Its conclusion points out that Shigenobu was complicit in reinforcing the gender hierarchy of a masculine polis through her propaganda messages. While the author illustrates this complicity in convincing detail, one can question if it completely “eclipsed” Shigenobu’s ideological visions. The gender norms of mainstream society powerfully affected members of the JRA, as did the pervasive consumer culture of early 1970s Japan. However, should we conclude that these influences and the JRA members’ active embrace and enactment of these norms defined them? The chapter’s framing suggests that we should; its rich and lively contents suggest that we should not. The chapter raises questions for further research concerning the intersections between gender norms and activism in Shigenobu and other women activists, as well as their differently gendered portrayals in the mainstream media. While the first two chapters focus on nonstate actors on the Far Left, the last two examine the Far Right. In the early 1950s, “reverse course” became a phrase encapsulating the reactionary turn in Japanese society and politics under the Cold War, with transwar figures escaping the postwar purge and rehabilitating themselves into positions of power. While the phrase was no longer widely used by the late 1960s and early 1970s, the case studies of Kodama Yoshio and Sasakawa Ryoichi illustrate how the trend it referred to continued well into this period. One “Old Left” activist once quipped to the effect that postwar Japan has been on the “reverse course” trajectory for so long, by now it should be in the Stone Ages. However, the last two chapters of this book remind us that generational, class, and gender intersected in ways that preclude a simple portrayal of a linear movement backward in time. Here, one can question the author’s framing of his subjects of analyzes as “nonstate actors” of the Far Left and Right. As the author shows in vivid detail, Far Right activists of the transwar generation enjoyed state establishment connections and resources to a degree that casts doubt on their position as “nonstate actors.” The boundaries between state and nonstate were significantly blurred on the Far Right. On the Far Left, the boundaries were clear and to a degree that was likely higher than most when viewed in global context. While the capacity of social movements to unite and enable political change may have been “a high standard” that was generally not attained in the global 1960s, there were also significant differen","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"483 - 486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45928733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.1177/03631990221116497
Daniel Livesay
ilies despite the ongoing dehumanizing and persecutory context of the post-emancipation era. Given the book’s intended focus on the “Long Nineteenth Century,” Hilde could have devoted more attention to fatherhood in the postbellum period rather than in just her final two chapters. Nevertheless, Slavery, Fatherhood, and Paternal Duty in African American Communities over the Long Nineteenth Century is a well-researched and vital contribution to the field which convincingly demonstrates the “quietly heroic efforts of African American men as fathers” (281).
{"title":"Book Review: Reckoning with Slavery: Gender, Kinship, and Capitalism in the Early Black Atlantic by Jennifer L. Morgan","authors":"Daniel Livesay","doi":"10.1177/03631990221116497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221116497","url":null,"abstract":"ilies despite the ongoing dehumanizing and persecutory context of the post-emancipation era. Given the book’s intended focus on the “Long Nineteenth Century,” Hilde could have devoted more attention to fatherhood in the postbellum period rather than in just her final two chapters. Nevertheless, Slavery, Fatherhood, and Paternal Duty in African American Communities over the Long Nineteenth Century is a well-researched and vital contribution to the field which convincingly demonstrates the “quietly heroic efforts of African American men as fathers” (281).","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"491 - 493"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47111081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.1177/03631990221116540
Claire L. Carlin
nection between Native history and geography. It also provides an important narrative of transformation both in land and in people, one told in part by a voice “clear with strength” and the other that brings this history into the present. Stories from Saddle Mountain: Autobiographies of a Kiowa Family is a thoughtful collection of Indigenous family histories with an important methodological intervention.
{"title":"Book Review: A Cultural History of Marriage in the Renaissance and Early Modern Age by Joanne M. Ferraro","authors":"Claire L. Carlin","doi":"10.1177/03631990221116540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221116540","url":null,"abstract":"nection between Native history and geography. It also provides an important narrative of transformation both in land and in people, one told in part by a voice “clear with strength” and the other that brings this history into the present. Stories from Saddle Mountain: Autobiographies of a Kiowa Family is a thoughtful collection of Indigenous family histories with an important methodological intervention.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"486 - 489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47640786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.1177/03631990221114065
D. Friedlander, Barbara S. Okun
We present a model of 19th Century population change in England & Wales. The model highlights contrasting demographic and economic processes in rural and urban sectors as core explanations for rural to urban migration, stemming from labor surpluses in the former and labor shortages in the latter. This massive migration transformed the geographic distribution of the population, in tandem with the economic transformation caused by the Industrial Revolution. We argue that demographic literature on historical population processes in England & Wales in the 19th Century has paid insufficient attention to the role of internal migration.
{"title":"Demographic Transition and the Industrial Revolution in England: Inverse Rural and Urban Processes","authors":"D. Friedlander, Barbara S. Okun","doi":"10.1177/03631990221114065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221114065","url":null,"abstract":"We present a model of 19th Century population change in England & Wales. The model highlights contrasting demographic and economic processes in rural and urban sectors as core explanations for rural to urban migration, stemming from labor surpluses in the former and labor shortages in the latter. This massive migration transformed the geographic distribution of the population, in tandem with the economic transformation caused by the Industrial Revolution. We argue that demographic literature on historical population processes in England & Wales in the 19th Century has paid insufficient attention to the role of internal migration.","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"401 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44710682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1177/03631990221086518
Lisa Mcclain
{"title":"Book Review: Catholic Social Networks in Early Modern England: Kinship, Gender, and Coexistence by Lisa McClain","authors":"Lisa Mcclain","doi":"10.1177/03631990221086518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03631990221086518","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family History","volume":"47 1","pages":"338 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41897115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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