Pub Date : 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100724
Zengli Wang , Jingjing Li , Xiaohan Yang
This study examined the differences in spatial burglary patterns and their association with socio-environmental characteristics between publicly accessible crime data from Judicial Document Website (JDW) and police-recorded data with restricted access. We compared the spatial distribution of burglary incidents at the subdistrict level and applied a negative binomial regression to analyze differences in the relationship between burglary rates and socio-environment factors across the two datasets. JDW data accounted for approximately 10% of burglary cases documented by the police records. Compared to police records, JDW data quality had a minimal effect on spatial patterns, hotspot distribution, and the relationship between the burglary distribution and the explanatory variables. Our findings highlight that crime data quality plays an important role in revealing the spatial patterns of crime and their associations with socio-environmental characteristics. Further, this study also helps contextualize the criminology research using JDW data when that is the only option.
{"title":"The impact of data quality on spatial patterns of burglary and association with socio-environmental characteristics: A comparison between data from the Judicial Documents Website and police records","authors":"Zengli Wang , Jingjing Li , Xiaohan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the differences in spatial burglary patterns and their association with socio-environmental characteristics between publicly accessible crime data from Judicial Document Website (JDW) and police-recorded data with restricted access. We compared the spatial distribution of burglary incidents at the subdistrict level and applied a negative binomial regression to analyze differences in the relationship between burglary rates and socio-environment factors across the two datasets. JDW data accounted for approximately 10% of burglary cases documented by the police records. Compared to police records, JDW data quality had a minimal effect on spatial patterns, hotspot distribution, and the relationship between the burglary distribution and the explanatory variables. Our findings highlight that crime data quality plays an important role in revealing the spatial patterns of crime and their associations with socio-environmental characteristics. Further, this study also helps contextualize the criminology research using JDW data when that is the only option.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 100724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Focusing on JZ Province, China, the present study employs spatial analysis methods, including kernel density estimation, spatial autocorrelation, and Geodetector to explore the changes in the spatial and temporal patterns of theft crimes before and during COVID-19, as well as the spatial relationships between theft crimes and various factors concerning urban economic conditions and population dynamics. The results show that: (1) The pandemic significantly impacts theft rates, with an overall decrease of 27%. (2) Both before and during the pandemic, city centers and coastal regions experience the highest incidence of theft crimes. Theft crimes are mostly observed in economically prosperous and dynamic urban areas. The COVID-19 restrictions have a strong inhibitory effect on theft occurrences. (3) In both periods, government finances and regional economic conditions demonstrate strong explanatory power for theft crimes. A vibrant urban setting with more elderly and young people is positively correlated with theft activities.
{"title":"Study on the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of theft crimes: A comparative analysis before and during COVID-19","authors":"Ziwan Zheng , Yucheng He , Xiaomin Jiang , Hequn Wu , Shiyu Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Focusing on JZ Province, China, the present study employs spatial analysis methods, including kernel density estimation, spatial autocorrelation, and Geodetector to explore the changes in the spatial and temporal patterns of theft crimes before and during COVID-19, as well as the spatial relationships between theft crimes and various factors concerning urban economic conditions and population dynamics. The results show that: (1) The pandemic significantly impacts theft rates, with an overall decrease of 27%. (2) Both before and during the pandemic, city centers and coastal regions experience the highest incidence of theft crimes. Theft crimes are mostly observed in economically prosperous and dynamic urban areas. The COVID-19 restrictions have a strong inhibitory effect on theft occurrences. (3) In both periods, government finances and regional economic conditions demonstrate strong explanatory power for theft crimes. A vibrant urban setting with more elderly and young people is positively correlated with theft activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 100719"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100716
Eric Halford, Ian Gibson
Traditional crime linkage methods face challenges with complex datasets, arguably necessitating more sophisticated analytical tools. This research investigates this issue by exploring the application of machine learning, specifically the Random Forest algorithm, as a method to enhance crime linkage analysis of residential burglary cases.
Using a dataset of 200 pairs of linked residential burglaries from the United Kingdom, this study employs the Random Forest technique to examine 67 identified crime features, including those within categories related to inter-crime distance, temporal patterns, such as time and day of the week, target selection, entry behaviour, crime scene conduct, and property stolen.
The key objective is to identify and reduce predictive characteristics that reliably link burglaries, whilst potentially overcoming the limitations of conventional approaches. Findings generally support existing literature but provide increased nuance by indicating that certain factors specifically related to shorter inter-crime distances, the time and date of the offences, and the target's dwelling type, significantly contribute to accurately linking crimes. We discuss these findings in the context of existing research on the subject.
Finally, we consider the benefits of using this novel methodology as a tool for crime linking. We argue that the improved accuracy, interpretability, and provision of multiple decision trees offers significant advantages for refining crime linkage practices, both operationally and in criminological research.
{"title":"Using machine learning to conduct crime linking of residential burglary","authors":"Eric Halford, Ian Gibson","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional crime linkage methods face challenges with complex datasets, arguably necessitating more sophisticated analytical tools. This research investigates this issue by exploring the application of machine learning, specifically the Random Forest algorithm, as a method to enhance crime linkage analysis of residential burglary cases.</div><div>Using a dataset of 200 pairs of linked residential burglaries from the United Kingdom, this study employs the Random Forest technique to examine 67 identified crime features, including those within categories related to inter-crime distance, temporal patterns, such as time and day of the week, target selection, entry behaviour, crime scene conduct, and property stolen.</div><div>The key objective is to identify and reduce predictive characteristics that reliably link burglaries, whilst potentially overcoming the limitations of conventional approaches. Findings generally support existing literature but provide increased nuance by indicating that certain factors specifically related to shorter inter-crime distances, the time and date of the offences, and the target's dwelling type, significantly contribute to accurately linking crimes. We discuss these findings in the context of existing research on the subject.</div><div>Finally, we consider the benefits of using this novel methodology as a tool for crime linking. We argue that the improved accuracy, interpretability, and provision of multiple decision trees offers significant advantages for refining crime linkage practices, both operationally and in criminological research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 100716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100714
Sara Johnsdotter , Lotta Wendel
{"title":"Prosecutions for female genital mutilation in Swedish courts: Tip of the iceberg or manifestation of epistemic injustice?","authors":"Sara Johnsdotter , Lotta Wendel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100714","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 100714"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100715
Kevin Kwok-yin Cheng , Zachary Bok-hin Chan
Scholars have argued that otherwise law-abiding citizens who have “lapsed” and committed a crime deserve leniency. This is referred to as the lapse theory. The discussions, however, have mainly focused on the lack of previous criminal convictions. The purpose of this study is to expand on the lapse theory by testing the effects of other lapse-based factors besides criminal record on sentence outcomes. Drawing on sentencing decisions in England and Wales, lapse-based factors, namely the crime being an isolated incident, the defendant acting out of character, and first-time offenders, were found to have a mitigating effect on sentence outcomes on two types of offenses: assault and drug dealing. When culpability was controlled for, these factors still had a mitigating effect for defendants who had premeditated their assaults and drug dealers who were deemed to play a significant role. The implications for sentencing guidelines and future studies are also discussed.
{"title":"Leniency for otherwise law-abiding citizens? Testing the lapse theory and sentencing in England and Wales","authors":"Kevin Kwok-yin Cheng , Zachary Bok-hin Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scholars have argued that otherwise law-abiding citizens who have “lapsed” and committed a crime deserve leniency. This is referred to as the lapse theory. The discussions, however, have mainly focused on the lack of previous criminal convictions. The purpose of this study is to expand on the lapse theory by testing the effects of other lapse-based factors besides criminal record on sentence outcomes. Drawing on sentencing decisions in England and Wales, lapse-based factors, namely the crime being an isolated incident, the defendant acting out of character, and first-time offenders, were found to have a mitigating effect on sentence outcomes on two types of offenses: assault and drug dealing. When culpability was controlled for, these factors still had a mitigating effect for defendants who had premeditated their assaults and drug dealers who were deemed to play a significant role. The implications for sentencing guidelines and future studies are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 100715"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study developed and validated the Modern Adolescent Dating Violence Attitude (MADVA) scale, examining young people's attitudes towards online and offline variants of adolescent dating violence and abuse (ADVA). Data were collected among 2011 adolescents from England, aged 10–25 (M 15.72 years). Dimensionality and construct validity of the MADVA was investigated using traditional Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results indicate a six-factor model (Attitudes towards: Sexual Abuse-Online; Sexual Abuse-Offline; Psychological Abuse-Online; Psychological Abuse-Offline; Physical Abuse-Offline; Controlling Behaviour-Offline). Excellent composite reliability and differential predictive validity were observed for all six subscales. The MADVA scale enables users to better evaluate ADVA prevention-programmes.
{"title":"Introduction and validation of the Modern Adolescent Dating Violence Attitude (MADVA) scale: A contemporary tool for assessing adolescent attitudes towards dating violence in offline and online environments","authors":"Gill Kirkman , Dominic Willmott , Daniel Boduszek , Agata Debowska","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study developed and validated the Modern Adolescent Dating Violence Attitude (MADVA) scale, examining young people's attitudes towards online and offline variants of adolescent dating violence and abuse (ADVA). Data were collected among 2011 adolescents from England, aged 10–25 (<em>M</em> 15.72 years). Dimensionality and construct validity of the MADVA was investigated using traditional Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results indicate a six-factor model (Attitudes towards: Sexual Abuse-Online; Sexual Abuse-Offline; Psychological Abuse-Online; Psychological Abuse-Offline; Physical Abuse-Offline; Controlling Behaviour-Offline). Excellent composite reliability and differential predictive validity were observed for all six subscales. The MADVA scale enables users to better evaluate ADVA prevention-programmes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 100705"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100704
Dominic Willmott , B. Kennath Widanaralalage
{"title":"Corrigendum to: ‘Male Rape Myths: Examining the role of Victim Empathy and Socio-demographics in a cross-sectional sample of UK Adults’ [Int. J. Law, Crime and Justice, 76, 100645]","authors":"Dominic Willmott , B. Kennath Widanaralalage","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100704","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 100704"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100702
Eric Halford
This article introduces the Decision-Making Framework for Policing (DMFP), a comprehensive tool designed to enhance the decision-making understanding of police officers. The DMFP considers the principles of heuristic, naturalistic, and rational decision-making along a fluid cognitive continuum to create a framework that addresses the limitations of the existing police National Decision Model (NDM). It achieves this by including 10 proposed typologies of police decision-making including: Routine, Tactical, Operational, Crisis, Investigative, Ethical, Interpersonal, Administrative, Managerial, and Strategic. These are integrated alongside existing and adapted decision-making models which are presented using a mnemonic letter strategy. Although the DMFP is theoretical, and its utility is presently untested in comparison to the existing NDM, it is presented to provide a tool to help improve officers' tacit knowledge, pattern recognition, and experiential learning through provision of easily recallable mnemonic decision-models. Thereby fostering a deeper understanding of cognitive processes and the factors influencing police decisions, potentially increasing consistency in reasoning, reducing decision errors, and enhancing policing outcomes.
{"title":"On the decision-making framework for policing: A proposal for improving police decision-making","authors":"Eric Halford","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article introduces the Decision-Making Framework for Policing (DMFP), a comprehensive tool designed to enhance the decision-making understanding of police officers. The DMFP considers the principles of heuristic, naturalistic, and rational decision-making along a fluid cognitive continuum to create a framework that addresses the limitations of the existing police National Decision Model (NDM). It achieves this by including 10 proposed typologies of police decision-making including: Routine, Tactical, Operational, Crisis, Investigative, Ethical, Interpersonal, Administrative, Managerial, and Strategic. These are integrated alongside existing and adapted decision-making models which are presented using a mnemonic letter strategy. Although the DMFP is theoretical, and its utility is presently untested in comparison to the existing NDM, it is presented to provide a tool to help improve officers' tacit knowledge, pattern recognition, and experiential learning through provision of easily recallable mnemonic decision-models. Thereby fostering a deeper understanding of cognitive processes and the factors influencing police decisions, potentially increasing consistency in reasoning, reducing decision errors, and enhancing policing outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 100702"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100703
Dawoon Jeon , Jisu Jeong
This study investigated the effect of police officers’ perception of fairness in their performance evaluation on their employee silence, moderated by trust. The perception of fairness is divided into distributive justice and procedural justice and employee silence is divided into acquiescent silence and Defensive silence. Trust, the moderated variable, was divided into supervisor trust and organizational trust. Survey data were collected from police officers in Seoul, and quantitative analysis was conducted on them. Perceptions of fairness in performance evaluations had a negative effect on employee silence. Distributive justice had a strong negative effect on defensive silence, and procedural justice had a strong negative effect on acquiescent silence. The interaction between trust in superiors, organizational trust, and distributive justice and that between organizational trust and procedural justice had negative moderating effects on defensive silence but no moderating effect appeared for acquiescent silence.
{"title":"Does performance appraisal fairness alleviate police officers’ organizational silence? -Considering the moderating effect of trust-","authors":"Dawoon Jeon , Jisu Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effect of police officers’ perception of fairness in their performance evaluation on their employee silence, moderated by trust. The perception of fairness is divided into distributive justice and procedural justice and employee silence is divided into acquiescent silence and Defensive silence. Trust, the moderated variable, was divided into supervisor trust and organizational trust. Survey data were collected from police officers in Seoul, and quantitative analysis was conducted on them. Perceptions of fairness in performance evaluations had a negative effect on employee silence. Distributive justice had a strong negative effect on defensive silence, and procedural justice had a strong negative effect on acquiescent silence. The interaction between trust in superiors, organizational trust, and distributive justice and that between organizational trust and procedural justice had negative moderating effects on defensive silence but no moderating effect appeared for acquiescent silence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 100703"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100701
Edília Mendes Rodrigues , Carlos Alberto Poiares , Laura Llor Zaragoza , Fernando Branco , Cátia Matias Monteiro , Rita Domingos , Ifeanyichukwu Anthony Ogueji , Maria Cunha Louro
Gender-based violence (GBV) is the subject of a unique statute and has been defined as a criminal offence requiring criminal intervention in Cape Verde since 2011. However, while numerous studies have been conducted on the sentencing outcomes of GBV against women, this phenomenon has received little to no attention in the African context, particularly in Cape Verde. This study examines 72 court cases involving heterosexual couples with female victims and male offenders. Data were collected using Punishment Severity and Psychologization Index (Secondary Criminalization) Revised – PSPI(SC) – R. The results revealed that the severity of punishment in GBV against women in Cape Verde on average is lenient and judges did not consider support from behavioral practitioners in their decisions. Additionally, correlation analysis showed that level of education and criminal record were correlated with the punishment severity index (PSI). To determine the strength and to what extent these two factors explain the variation in PSI, a multiple regression analysis was carried out. This indicated that (i) the lower the offender's level of education, the higher the severity of punishment and (ii) offenders with criminal records have an average harsher sentence than their respective counterparts who had no prior criminal record. The study highlights the need for a more rigorous and informed approach to GBV cases against women in Cape Verde, balancing punitive measures with the inclusion of behavioral practitioner support in judicial decisions to better protect victims and reduce recidivism among offenders.
{"title":"Criminal justice response in Cape Verde: Understanding punishment severity in case of gender-based violence against women","authors":"Edília Mendes Rodrigues , Carlos Alberto Poiares , Laura Llor Zaragoza , Fernando Branco , Cátia Matias Monteiro , Rita Domingos , Ifeanyichukwu Anthony Ogueji , Maria Cunha Louro","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gender-based violence (GBV) is the subject of a unique statute and has been defined as a criminal offence requiring criminal intervention in Cape Verde since 2011. However, while numerous studies have been conducted on the sentencing outcomes of GBV against women, this phenomenon has received little to no attention in the African context, particularly in Cape Verde. This study examines 72 court cases involving heterosexual couples with female victims and male offenders. Data were collected using Punishment Severity and Psychologization Index (Secondary Criminalization) Revised – PSPI(SC) – R. The results revealed that the severity of punishment in GBV against women in Cape Verde on average is lenient and judges did not consider support from behavioral practitioners in their decisions. Additionally, correlation analysis showed that level of education and criminal record were correlated with the punishment severity index (PSI). To determine the strength and to what extent these two factors explain the variation in PSI, a multiple regression analysis was carried out. This indicated that (i) the lower the offender's level of education, the higher the severity of punishment and (ii) offenders with criminal records have an average harsher sentence than their respective counterparts who had no prior criminal record. The study highlights the need for a more rigorous and informed approach to GBV cases against women in Cape Verde, balancing punitive measures with the inclusion of behavioral practitioner support in judicial decisions to better protect victims and reduce recidivism among offenders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 100701"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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