International Journal of Law Crime and Justice最新文献

This review study examines the administration of criminal justice process during and after COVID-19 era in Nigeria against the backdrop of two competing criminal justice process models: Crime control and Due Process. The outbreak of COVID-19 has pushed many countries, including Nigeria, to either reinforced or altered their criminal justice practices to reflect the reality of COVID-19. Arrest, detention and prosecution of offenders became clearly predicated only on the degree of seriousness and the overall interest of the society as against the previous practice that was predicated on ‘trump up charges’ and at the will and caprices of the operators of criminal justice system. The main question we ask here is: to what extent has COVID-19 mediated and impacted on the administration of criminal justice in Nigeria during and after the pandemic? Qualitative descriptive-narrative approach was adopted to synthesise the various data and sources (review of literature, reports from the media, reflective data and eye witness accounts) to account for what happened both during COVID-19 and post COVID-19 in the practice of criminal justice in Nigeria. Two dominant traditional ideologies/models (Crime Control and Due Process), and the less favoured one (punitive and nonpunitive victims' right models), interfaced at one point or the other and thus defined the character of criminal justice system in Nigeria 19 with crime control model however showing greater effects than others. The implication of our analysis is that during crisis, state and official's response to one of her crucial mandate oscillates and takes a paradigm shift form either mild to critical or severe as the case may be. The three models manifested in pre and COVID-19 criminal justice process eras though, crime control model remains a continuum and the dominant ideology which guides the operation of criminal justice system and process. Further implication is the imperative to improve the system by taking steps towards the direction of the non-punitive model of victims' rights which stresses crime prevention and restorative justice as the future value (ideology) for Nigerian criminal justice system.

This study delves into the critical issue of access to justice in Bangladesh, particularly focusing on the challenges individuals face within the formal criminal justice system. Significant barriers to achieving equal access to justice in the country include socio-economic disparities, corruption, discrimination, and judicial backlogs. The study argues for a nuanced understanding of justice dynamics, emphasizing the conflicts and synergies between formal and informal justice systems. Through an in-depth analysis of secondary data, public perceptions, and qualitative inputs, this research aims to demonstrate the feasibility and potential benefits of incorporating informal justice approaches, such as shalish and village courts, to tackle the identified challenges. The results indicate a substantial preference for local community-based conflict resolution approaches, especially for less serious offenses. To address a wide range of crimes and disputes, this study suggests a hybrid justice model that combines formal and informal mechanisms, promoting a context-specific and community-centered alternative. By engaging communities, offering flexibility, and implementing localized solutions, informal justice could effectively reduce case backlogs, ensure timely resolutions, and enhance social cohesion. This study offers valuable insights into the discourse on criminal justice reform, emphasizing the importance of inclusivity, efficiency, and fairness in transforming the landscape of justice delivery in Bangladesh.

Online romance and investment fraud are growing crimes in Australia by volume and money lost but are also known to attract high levels of victim blame. The Fraud Justice Network (FJN) refers to the multitude of institutions that aim to combat frauds, but little is known about how and how and why professionals within these entities ascribe blame to fraud victims. ‘Ideal victimhood’ is constructed based on the nature and circumstances of the crime and behaviours of victim and offender and can effectively work to create hierarchies of legitimacy among victims. This article presents findings of perspectives and experiences of the FJN in Australia, through fourteen semi-structured interviews with FJN professionals. Thematic analysis found a discrepancy in the way the two types of victims were perceived. Reasons and potential impacts are discussed.

Indigenous communities in Australia have grave concerns about the high rates of incarceration of their young people, and advocate for the need for holistic community-led solutions. This article details the use of administrative data in the evaluation of a model of youth diversion led by an Elders group in a remote community, developed in partnership with a university. The model views effective diversion as addressing all underlying factors driving contact with the justice system for Indigenous young people. The methodology includes linking data from relevant government agencies for holistic understanding of young people's institutional engagement over time, including unmet health, housing, education and disability needs and opportunities for positive pathways. Administrative data has not conventionally been subject to ethical scrutiny nor seen as compatible with community priorities. However, we demonstrate how it can enable communities to investigate questions and build change meaningful to them, and improve evidence and policy.

Conviction rates for rape and serious sexual offences (RASSO) in England and Wales are at an all-time low, with 1.6% of cases resulting in conviction. Whilst officers value victim care, their ability to support victims is compromised by organisational expectations aimed at regaining legitimacy. The authors argue that strategies employed to re-establish legitimacy may conflict with wider public value delivery. They question the application of New Public Management and target setting approaches to evaluate good policing. The paper offers suggestions as to why internal and external legitimacy is required to achieve transformational change and wider legitimacy in RASSO investigations.

For decades, researchers have studied hate crimes against racial/ethnic minorities in the United States and, to a much lesser extent, Western countries. However, Asian countries have received much less attention despite the growing prevalence of hate crime due to increased immigration. This study aims to explore factors associated with the fear of hate crime and compare their effects on students and workers among racial/ethnic minorities in South Korea. The results showed that 5% of respondents and their family/friends had experienced hate crimes; while 65.41% expressed fear of hate crime. Among students, older individuals and those of Chinese ethnicity were more likely to fear hate crime, while male students and long-term residents were less likely to. Among workers, male, Chinese, the married, those with higher income, and Korean citizens were less likely to fear hate crimes. These findings carry important implications for addressing hate crime among racial/ethnic minorities in Asian countries.

Under the Police Act 1996, Special Police Services (SPS) allow the police in England and Wales to partially cost recover for resources deployed to police events such as football, horse racing and music festivals. Historically, there have been numerous legal cases about SPS charges involving police forces and event organisers. Most recently Ipswich Town Football Club Company Limited vs. The Chief Constable of Suffolk Constabulary [2017] EWCA Civ 1484, resulted in clarification on points of law and a more restricted area within which police forces can charge for SPS. This qualitative research interviews police officers engaged in policing football, football club representatives and other key stakeholders involved in the SPS negotiation process. It finds that there are divisive approaches by both parties, which can result in compromising public safety. The notion of SPS being abolished is explored, despite potential benefits of this, further research is recommended to examine this further.

China's public security and Western police differ significantly in their approaches to law enforcement, administrative power, and institutional structure. The former operates within a centralized and hierarchical framework and is characterized by extensive powers. In this article, we examine the impact of the “Cracking Down Illegal Cards” campaign on judicial decisions initiated and led by the highest-level organization of China's public security authorities, the Ministry of Public Security. The findings reveal an increase in convictions and a rise in judicial arbitrariness resulting from this campaign. This underscores the importance of comprehending China's political-legal system and proposes ways to improve the role of public security in social management.

This study aims to reveal the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of sexual crimes in Haining city and the spatial relationship between them and urban commercial service facilities, so as to provide decision-making reference for the prevention and treatment of sexual crimes. Based on the data of 311 sexual crimes in the case management system of public security organs and the POI data of urban functional facilities in the community policing system, using methods such as nearest neighbor index, nuclear density estimation and Geodetector, the data from January 2014 to September 2021 are analyzed. The formation of the spatial pattern of sexual crimes is the result of the multiple factors, especially the distribution of KTVs, Internet cafes, hotels and other commercial service facilities. Sexual crimes will increase significantly in areas with mixed facilities. We put forward countermeasures and suggestions for the effective development of sexual crime rectification work in Haining.

Whilst much is known about the psychosocial correlates of rape myth beliefs regarding female victims, much less research has investigated factors that underlie male rape myth beliefs. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the role of victim empathy and socio-demographics upon male rape myth beliefs. 303 UK adults aged 18 to 74 (M Age = 31.48) completed the Male Rape Myth Scale (MRMS) and the None-in-Three Victim Responsiveness Assessment (NI3: VRA), alongside assessing socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity, education). Results reveal gender and ethnicity differences in affective victim-empathy sub-scales and overall male rape myth beliefs. Regression analyses determined that age, gender, ethnicity, and affective victim-empathy were significant predictors of male rape myth attitudes. The results have important implications for understanding those who are likely to believe falsehoods pertaining to male survivors of sexual victimisation and highlight the need for targeted educational intervention programmes among the UK public, including in their role as jurors.